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Öğe Assessing the Effectiveness of 3D-Printed Testes and Ovary Biomodels in Veterinary Reproduction Education: Student-Centered Approach(31.08.2023) Koçyiğit, Alper; Yüksel, Erhan; Yüksel, ÖzlemThe use of biomodels is prevalent across multiple educational disciplines, with a particular emphasis on their utilization in teaching the anatomy of organs. These tools have not only enriched education, but have also provided an alternative to the ethical and cultural controversies, increased costs, and health and safety risks associated with the use of live animals and cadavers. However, while there is limited data on testes and ovary biomodels in the literature, no findings on their effectiveness in education have been reported. Understanding the morphology of testicular and ovarian tissues is vital for veterinarians. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of three-dimensional (3D) printed testes and ovary biomodels in veterinary reproduction education and students’ perspective on them. To assess their educational effectiveness, biomodels created to align with specific learning objectives were evaluated against slaughterhouse materials. This comparison was carried out on a total of 94 students divided into two groups. A questionnaire containing 19 different judgments was administered to determine students’ attitudes toward biomodels. Following the assessments, students reported that they perceived biomodels to be a more advantageous resource than the slaughterhouse materials for their practical training (X¯¯¯: 3.12). In addition, they strongly (X¯¯¯: 4.14) expressed their wish to use biomodels in other practical fields of veterinary medicine education. As a result, this study demonstrated for the first time that testes and ovary biomodels can be produced to cover learning objectives in veterinary medicine education. In addition, it was observed that veterinary students supported and demanded the use of these biomodels.Öğe Determining Hopelessness Levels and Related Factors in Veterinary Students(26.09.2023) Yüksel, Erhan; Yüksel, ÖzlemThis study addresses the level of hopelessness experienced by last-year students at a faculty of veterinary medicine. Moreover, it identifies the factors behind this emotion. A face-to-face questionnaire was administered to 238 last-year students from 2017 to 2021. The questionnaire included questions about sociodemographic and other characteristics, along with the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and chi-square tests. The findings suggested that nearly 60% of the respondents experienced hopelessness. The analysis also revealed a significant relation between hopelessness levels and variables such as year, gender, expected time of first employment, and psychological status. The results suggested that the current state of mental health is worrying for the veterinary faculty students and therefore for the future veterinarians. For this reason, it can be argued that steps to be taken towards a solution in the veterinary education periods are required.Öğe Effect of hesperidin supplementation on blood profile, antioxidant capacity, intestinal histomorphology and fecal microbial counts in Japanese quails(Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 07.2023) Özbilgin, Abdullah; Moğulkoç, Mahmut Niyazi; Erhan Bayçumendur, Füsun; Ercan, NazlıThis study was conducted to determine the effects of hesperidin, a flavonoid added to quail diets, on blood serum, enzymes in tissues, intestinal histomorphology and fecal microflora. In the study, first treatment [(control) (0g hesperidin/kg feed)], second treatment [(HES1) (1 g hesperidin/kg feed)], third treatment [(HES2) (2 g hesperidin/kg feed)] was added to with the basal diet through 35 d. The study was carried out with 3 main groups, 20 quails with 5 sub-repeats in each group and a total of 300 quails. At the end of the study, blood, liver and thigh muscle tissue and fecal samples were taken. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased in the HES1 group but increased in the HES2 group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Aspartate transaminase (AST) increased in the HES1 group compared to the control group and decreased in the HES2 group (P<0.05). Amylase, on the other hand, showed a regular increase in HES1 and HES2 groups to which hesperidin was added to the control group in hesperidin added groups (P<0.05). The tissue antioxidant GSH, CAT and SOD enzyme parameters showed a significant increase in the hesperidin added groups compared to the control group, and this increase was found to be significant compared to the control group (P<0.05). In intestinal histomorphology, in hesperidin treatment groups increased the height of villus in the cecum tissue; in colon tissue, it was determined that hesperidin added groups increased villus height but decreased crypt depth (P<0.05). Consequently, diets hesperidin with treatments positively is thought to affect the lipid, thigh, liver and serum antioxidant enzyme levels, intestinal histomorphology and fecal microflora in quail.Öğe Seasonal variation in the expression pattern of heat shock protein 70 and 90 in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Karataş Lake, Burdur, Türkiye(Veterinary Research Forum, 09.2023) Kuru, Nilgün; Öztop, Mustafa; Demirbağ, Emel; Ercan, NazlıOrganisms have evolved defense mechanisms to protect themselves from stressful conditions. The expression of heat shock proteins is considered a valid indication of protection from the adverse effects of hostile conditions. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the seasonal effects of some abiotic factors on heat shock protein 70 and 90 (HSP70 and HSP90) expression in the liver, gills, and muscle tissues of 24 Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) caught in Karataş Lake (Burdur, Türkiye) using gillnets of various mesh sizes. We also measured some physicochemical parameters on-site at sampling time and took water samples for further analyses of other physicochemical parameters and heavy metals. Immunostaining for HSP90 was stronger than for HSP70 in both liver and gill samples. Liver and gill structures exhibited significant seasonal differences in HSP70 and HSP90 immunoreactivity, and the same was true for immunostaining for HSP70 and HSP90 in muscle samples. Some physicochemical properties seemed to vary considerably between seasons, with Fe, Mn, and Zn levels tending to exhibit changes throughout the seasons. However, these levels were considered acceptable for human health. In conclusion, this study suggests that substantial changes in HSP70 and HSP90 expression may be essential for seasonal adaptation and tolerance. Further research on fish HSPs would greatly contribute to aquaculture, which is essential for meeting food requirements.Öğe The influence of sex and age on bone turnover markers in the adult to geriatric Kangal shepherd dogs(Wiley (Blackwell Publishing), 2023) Ekici, MehmetObjectives: The objective of this research was to learn more about bone metabolism in intact female and male Kangal shepherd dogs during the aging process following skeletal maturity. It also evaluated the potential application of biochemical bone indicators in veterinary clinical practice. Methods: Bone markers were determined as bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in this study. Kangal shepherd dogs of different age (adult, senior, and geriatric) and sex (male and female) groups were split into six groups of equal numbers (n = 8/group). Results: In this study, the effect of age was observed on serum BALP, OC, CTX, and ICTP concentrations. Specifically, BALP was highest in geriatric female Kangal shepherd dogs, while serum OC, CTX, and ICTP concentrations were highest in geriatric male Kangal shepherd dogs. However, no effects of sex and age–sex interactions were identified. Moreover, the effects of age, sex, and age–sex interactions had no significant effect on serum creatinine, CK, LDH, Mg, and P concentrations or ALT activities. However, only sex was found to affect serum AST activities and gradually decreased with age in females. The effect of age and age–sex interactions on serum Ca concentrations was significant (the lowest serum Ca concentrations were in geriatric females), but the effect of sex was not. Conclusions: These results show the effect of age and sex on bone turnover in Kangal shepherd dogs and provide information about bone biomarkers.Öğe Protective effect of Allium scorodoprasum L. ethanolic extract in cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats(Oxford University Press, 2023) Ekici, MehmetObjectives Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapeutic agent and immunosuppressant drug; however, it damages the liver. This study investigates the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Allium scorodoprasum (ASE) on cyclophosphamide-induced liver injury. Methods Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7 per group): healthy rats, cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg), cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) + ASE (100 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) + ASE (200 mg/kg). ASE was administered for 14 days, and the rats were euthanized 24 h after cyclophosphamide administration. Key findings Cyclophosphamide treatment leads to an increase in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, as well as an increase in the liver levels of malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, while high-density lipoprotein levels decrease. Treatment with cyclophosphamide caused liver necrosis and postnecrotic cell infiltration; however, pathological changes were prevented by ASE. 8-Hydroxy-2ʹ- deoxyguanosine, anti-4-hydroxynenal antibody and anti-dityrosine levels increased in rats treated with cyclophosphamide and decreased in the groups treated with ASE. These changes were dose dependent in the ASE-treated groups. Conclusions Treatment with cyclophosphamide caused liver damage due to oxidative stress and inflammation. ASE regulated the damage at high doses because it has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients. In future studies, it may be beneficial to administer ASE in higher doses or for longer periods of time.Öğe Determination of Serum Trace Elements and Oxidative Stress in Bitches with Transmissible Venereal Tumor(Agricultural Research Communication Center, 2023) Ekici, Mehmet; Ekici, MehmetBackground: This study was conducted to compare the changes in oxidative stress levels with some trace elements in blood serum in healthy bitches and bitches with transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). Methods: A total of 40 bitches were used in the study. According to the genital organ examinations, healthy bitches constituted the control group (n=20) and those with venereal tumors constituted the TVT group (n=20). Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined spectrophotometrically. In addition, some serum trace element levels such as magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) were measured using an ICP-MS analysis device. Result: The serum Se, Mg and Zn levels were lower in the TVT group compared to the control group (p<0.01) and serum Fe and Cu levels were higher in the TVT group than in the control group (p<0.01). Serum TOS and OSI levels were higher (p<0.001) and serum TAS levels were lower (p<0.001) in the TVT group compared to the control group. The study results showed that oxidative stress is high in bitches with TVT and in parallel with this, changes occur in the amount of certain trace elements that are associated with oxidative stress.Öğe Relationship of Oxidative Stress and Some Blood Parameters with Quarters Affected by Mastitis in Dairy Cows(Agricultural Research Communication Center, 2023) Ekici, MehmetBackground: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress and some blood parameters in different number of quarters affected with and without sub-clinical mastitis (SM). Methods: A total of 50 lactating Holstein dairy cows were used in the study. The study groups were as follows; Group 1 (negative test results and no SM), Group 2 (SM in one quarter), Group 3 (SM in two quarters), Group 4 (SM in three quarters) Group 5 (SM in four quarters). Milk samples were obtained from the infected quarters for both Somatic Cell Count (SCC) measurement and bacteriological growth/bacterial identification. Blood was collected for analysis of oxidative stress parameters (total oxidative capacity and total antioxidant capacity) and some blood parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]). Result: Somatic Cell Count (SCC) was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 (P<0.001). Glucose and total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in Group 5 than in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 (P<0.001). A significant difference was determined between all groups in respect of AST and ALT activities (P<0.001). The Total Oxidative Capacity (TOC) and oxidative stress index value (OSI) levels were significantly lower in Group 1 than in Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 (P<0.001), while Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) levels were significantly higher (P<0.001). In conclusion, it was found that oxidative stress and blood-biochemistry values are significantly affected in dairy cows with sub-clinical mastitis.Öğe Lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects of isorhamnetin on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice(Informa UK (Taylor & Francis), 2023) Ekici, MehmetIsorhamnetin is a hepatoprotective flavonoid molecule derived from the leaves and fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L. However, the protective effect of isorhamnetin on acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity is still unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects of isorhamnetin on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Hepatotoxicity was induced by a single injection of APAP (300 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Isorhamnetin (50 or 100mg/kg, orally) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (200mg/kg, orally), or vehicle control, were administered 1 h before the administration of APAP. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidative status (TOS) of liver tissue and levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-6) were analyzed by ELISA. Lipid profiles and liver function parameters were measured using an autoanalyzer. In addition, liver tissue was examined histopathologically. Isorhamnetin treatment significantly reduced the APAP-induced increase in the liver weight and liver index; it also reduced the APAP-induced increase in serum liver parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH) (p<0.05). Isorhamnetin significantly reduced APAP-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by increasing TAS levels and decreasing TOS, TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-6 levels (p<0.05). Moreover, isorhamnetin treatment significantly regulated lipid profiles (TG, T-C, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels) that changed in response to APAP administration (p<0.05). In histopathological examination, liver degeneration observed in the APAP group was significantly reduced in the NAC and isorhamnetin-treated groups (p<0.05). This study suggests that isorhamnetin has a significant protective effect on APAPinduced hepatotoxicity in mice through its lipid-lowering, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.Öğe Investigation of changes in serum thiols and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio indices in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy(Revista Cientifica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad del Zulia, 2023) Ekici, MehmetThe aim of this study was to investigate complete blood indices [neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio (MPV/PLT)] and thiols (native and thiol) in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). The study sample comprised a total of 10 female cats of mixed breeds. Ovariohysterectomy operation was performed under Ketamine/ Xylazine anesthesia with the appropriate technique. Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein pre-OHE and post-OHE at 2 h, 24 h, and 7 d. Total and native thiol levels in the serum were analyzed using a colorimetric technique, and whole blood analysis was carried out using anticoagulant tubes. White Blood Cell (WBC) and neutrophil increased significantly at 2 h post-OHE, peaked at 24 h post-OHE, then returned to baseline levels by 7 d (P<0.001). The lymphocyte and thiols decreased at 2 h, 24 h, and 7 d post-OHE, and the lowest lymphocyte count was observed at 24 h (P<0.001). The lowest monocyte count was observed on d 7 post-OHE (P<0.001). NLR increased significantly 2 h after OHE, peaked at 24 h after OHE, and remained high on d 7 (P<0.001). MLR increased at 2 h, peaked at 24 h, then returned to baseline levels on d 7 (P<0.001). PLR increased gradually and peaked at 24 h and on d 7 (P<0.001). MPV/PLT after OHE was statistically lowest on d 7 (P<0.05). A negative correlation was determined between NLR, MLR, PLR, and thiols (P<0.001). In conclusion, thiols and complete blood indices (NLR, MLR, and PLR) may be important in the assessment of inflammation and stress responses after OHE in cats.Öğe The Effects of Restraint and Cold Restraint Stress on Coagulation Indicators in Wistar Albino Rats(Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 2023) KOÇ,Çağla; EKİCİ, MehmetThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of restraint and cold restraint stress from acute stress protocols on coagulation indicators in rats. The study was conducted in 18 male Wistar albino rats aged 8-10 weeks with a body weight of 180-220 g. After a one-week adaptation period, the rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6/group). The animals in the control group were not exposed to any stress. Rats in the restraint group were housed in restrainers designed for rats, and their movement was restricted for 2 hours at room temperature. Rats in the cold restraint group were kept in the restrainer at +4°C for 2 hours. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia in Vacutainer® tubes containing 3.2% sodium citrate (0.109 M trisodium citrate). Coagulation indicators (aPTT, PT, INR, fibrinogen, and D-dimer) were analyzed using an automated analyzer (Roche Cobas t511, Switzerland). Although acute stress (restraint and cold restraint stress) had no effect on aPTT and D-dimer levels (p>0.05), it increased PT and INR values (p<0.05) and decreased fibrinogen concentration (p<0.05). Consequently, acute stress may lead to platelet hypofunction in rats by prolonging PT, increasing INR, and decreasing fibrinogen concentration.Öğe Boldine provides protective effect against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in Wistar rats: Role of oxidative stress, inflammation and caspase-3(Tech Science Press, 18 May 2022) Ekici, MehmetSide effects of cisplatin, especially dose-dependent nephrotoxicity, are major factors limiting its use in cancer. Boldine ((S)-2, 9-dihydroxy-1, 10-dimethoxy-aporphine) is a natural alkaloid known for its strong antioxidant activity present in leaves/bark of boldo tree (Peumus boldus Molina), a native tree in Chile. Here, we aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of boldine and its underlying mechanisms on cisplatin-induced rat renal injury. Thirty Wistar albino rats divided into 5 groups (Control, Cis, Bold.40, Cis + Bold.20, Cis + Bold.40 groups) were used. Rats received boldine (20 or 40 mg/kg/day), or vehicle (saline) intraperitoneal for 14 days and a single dose cisplatin (7 mg/kg, ip) was applied on the 10th day to induce nephrotoxicity. Rats and kidney tissue were weighed to determine kidney index. Blood urea nitrojen (BUN) and creatinine levels, the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, an index of lipid peroxidation), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured and histopathologic examination was performed. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and caspase-3 expressions were detected immunohistochemically. Nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin was apparent by elevated levels of BUN, creatinine, kidney index, TBARS and TNF-α, and decreased body weight, SOD and GPx enzyme levels. Pretreatment with boldine protected the renal function at both boldine doses by fixing the renal damage markers, oxidative stress, caspase-3 and iNOS expression. Histopathological findings supported biochemical findings. Taken together these findings indicate that boldine has promising protective effect against cisplatin nephrotoxicity by improving oxidative stress, inflammation, histopathological alterations and by alleviating caspase 3 expression.Öğe Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition by sacubitril/valsartan attenuates doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in a pretreatment mice model by interfering with oxidative stress, inflammation, and Caspase 3 apoptotic pathway(AVES, 2021) Dindaş, Ferhat; Güngör, Hüseyin; Ekici, Mehmet; Akokay, Pınar; Bayçumendur, Füsun Erhan; Doğduş, Mustafa; Yılmaz, Mehmet BirhanObjective: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a well-known cardiotoxic agent, whereas sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) is an effective treatment option in heart failure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Sac/Val on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in pretreatment mice model. Methods: A total of 24 mice were equally classified into 4 groups; control group, DOX (20 mg/kg; fifth day), Sac/Val (80 mg/kg), and Sac/Val+DOX (Sac/Val was given from day one of the study before doxorubicin administration). Electrocardiography parameters, including durations of QRS, ST, QT, PP segment, and QT/PQ index were measured. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, NT-proBNP concentrations, and Caspase 3 activity were evaluated. Results: At the end of the 9-day study duration, QRS, ST, QT intervals, QT/PQ index and TAS, TOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the DOX group than in the control group (p<0.001). Moreover, there were significant differences only in the PP interval when comparing the Sac/Val+DOX and control groups (p<0.001). QRS, ST, QT intervals, and QT/PQ index, TAS, TOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the Sac/Val+ DOX group compared with the DOX group (p<0.001). Furthermore, NT-proBNP levels were lower in the Sac/Val+DOX group compared with the DOX group along with less Caspase 3 apoptosis. Conclusion: Sac/Val seems to be cardioprotective against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in pretreatment mice model. These findings can be attributed to the antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects of Sac/Val as shown in this studyÖğe Protective Effects of Oxytocin and Progesterone on Paclitaxel-induced Neuropathy in Rats(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2021) Ekici, Mehmet; Balkaya, MuharremObjective: Paclitaxel (Ptx), used to treat cancer, still causes neuropathic pain and peripheral neuropathy today. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of progesterone (Pg) and oxytocin (Oxy) on peripheral neuropathy rat model induced by Ptx. Materials and Methods: A total of 38 male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, e.g., control (n = 6), Ptx (n = 8), Ptx + Oxy (n = 8), Ptx + Pg (n = 8), and Ptx + Oxy + Pg (n = 8). The rats were monitored daily for body weight change throughout the experiment. To evaluate peripheral neuropathy, electroneuromyography measurements (latency, amplitude, and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV)) were recorded from the sciatic nerve innervating the gastrocnemius muscle. Sciatic nerve tissue samples were collected for histopathological evaluation. Results: Ptx led to significant reductions in body weight from day 6 (P < 0.05). There was no difference between groups in the distal latency and amplitudes (P > 0.05). Proximal latency was prolonged in Ptx group rats than in other groups (P < 0.05). Importantly, it was found that MNCV was higher in the Ptx + Pg group than Ptx, Ptx + Oxy, and Ptx + Oxy + Pg groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Pg-administered rats had the lowest nerve degeneration compared to rats administered Oxy and Oxy + Pg (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The present findings suggest that Pg has a protective effect on peripheral neuropathy induced by Ptx in rat.Öğe Investigation of the Effects of Glutens on Serum Interleukin-1 Beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels and the Immunohistochemical Distribution of CD3 and CD8 Receptors in the Small Intestine in Male Rats(SCİELO, 13.09.2021) Gümüş, Recep; Uslu, Sema; Aydoğdu, Uğur; İmik, Aybüke; Ekici, MehmetWhile the role of cytokines in celiac disease has been investigated in detail, cytokine release in the event of the exposure of healthy subjects to glutens has only recently been studied. This study was aimed at determining the effects of corn and wheat glutens, incorporated as protein sources into the diet, on serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and the immunohistochemical distribution of CD3 and CD8 receptors in the small intestine in male rats. The study material comprised 24 twenty-day-old male Wistar albino rats, which were randomly assigned in equal numbers to three groups (2 rats/replicate and 4 replicates/group). The feed rations provided to all three groups contained high levels of proteins, which were soybean meal, corn gluten and wheat gluten in the control, corn and wheat groups, respectively. The in Control, Corn and Wheat groups serum IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha levels respectively 55.83 - 46.37; 81.65 - 61.95 and 81.65-61.31 was determined but these differences were statistically insignificant. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a mathematical increase to have occurred in the distribution of the CD3 and CD8 receptors in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples of the corn and wheat groups. In result, based on the findings obtained in this study, we suggest that the long-term feeding of rats on high levels of gluten causes systemic adverse effects.Öğe Effect of Exercise on Electrocardiography and Stress Behavior of Kangal Shepherd Dogs with Ankyloglossia(Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 23.06.2021) Koçkaya, MustafaEff ect of exercise has been studied on electrocardiography and stress behavioral parameters of 12 male Kangal shepherd dogs with ankyloglossia and 15 male Kangal shepherd dogs without ankyloglossia were compared. In this study, electrocardiography recordings were obtained from Kangal shepherd dogs with the holter device at resting state and during 15-min exercise. All data collection were conducted in the same environmental conditation. In addition, behavioral parameters captured with a video camera during resting state and the end of 15-min exercise period. While no statistical diff erence was detected in two groups in terms of all electrocardiographic parameters at resting state, statistical diff erences were detected in both groups in the P wave amplitude, T wave amplitude, duration of PR interval, duration of QT interval and heart rate parameters during exercise. Following 15-min of exercise, all stress parameters were observed in dogs with ankyloglossia, while only two parameters were observed at resting state. Following a 15-min exercise, without ankyloglossia dogs showed only two stress parameters, while no parameters were observed at resting state. This study will have an important area in the literature in terms of examining the electrocardiographic data and stress behavioral parameters of Kangal shepherd dogs with ankyloglossia.
