Determination of Sulfadiazine in Natural Waters by Pine Needle Biochar – Derivatized Magnetic Nanocomposite Based Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Abstract

A magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method was developed forthe facile and sensitive determination of sulfadiazine prior to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The magneticsorbent was prepared by the chemical co-precipitation of Fe3O4magnetic nanocomposites modified with biochar. Characterization ofthe synthesized Fe3O4@BC-PN (Fe3O4loaded pine leaves derived bio-char) was performed by scanning electron microscopy–energy dis-persive x-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD),vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analysis. The saturation magnetization value was17.95 emu/g by vibrating sample magnetometry. The Fe3O4@BC-PNparticle sizes were determined to be 11.8 nm using the Debye-Scherrer relationship. The pH, mass of adsorbent, type, and volumeof eluent were optimized. The limits of detection and quantificationof the developed MSPE HPLC method were 10.7lg/L and 35.5lg/L,respectively. The intra-day and inter-day repeatabilities were below4.2% and 7.7%, respectively. The developed method was employedto determine trace levels of sulfadiazine in spiked water sampl