| dc.description.abstract | The term biodiversity was coined by naturalists who were concerned about the rapid extinction of natural environments such as tropical rainforests and wanted society to take measures to protect them. The concept of biodiversity as an environmental problem was introduced in the early 80s. It became operational with the signing of the Convention on Biological Diversity at the sustainable development conference in Rio in 1992. This was the point where the associated problems with the treatment, management and conservation of biodiversity were fully realized. Because biodiversity is also an economic resource for the pharmaceutical and food industries. This concept, which was initially limited to the protection of nature, has gradually gained depth in social, economic and ethical dimensions, and the reason why we are interested in biodiversity at this point today is: to recognize species in a scientific sense, to name and classify them, to protect endangered populations, to combat global environmental problems, to combat various scientific studies in the field of health and pharmacy. Reasons such as use in research, socio-economic reasons in proportion to food and development, commercialization, patenting of living things and ethical concerns. All of our food comes from biodiversity. Living resources of the seas are still used from the time when human beings made their living by hunting and gathering. Fishing, the largest form of gathering today, is now threatened by overfishing. But the field where human genius reveals its full extent is the field of domestication of plants and animals. Agriculture and aquaculture are among the most important causes of biodiversity destruction. This globalization, which started in the early ages of agriculture, has benefited all continents and many other benefits. Naturally, many breeds and varieties adapted to local conditions have been produced from these introduced species. Hundreds or even thousands of these assets produced by human beings are also in danger. Because after the modern agriculture that emerged after the Second World War, that is, the green revolution, only a few high-yielding varieties are used and thus local breeds are ignored. Many landrace seeds have been lost. Industry is also paying closer attention to certain elements of biodiversity: microorganisms, molecules, genes, etc. The application of biotechnology in the industrial field creates important strategic interests, whether in the food and agricultural sectors, which include the diversity of cultivated plants, or in the pharmaceutical sector, which deals with wild species. | tr |
