COMPARISON OF DNA SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES IN CLINICAL SAMPLES: NEXT-GENERATION AND THIRD-GENERATION SEQUENCING

Abstract

Determining the exact base, or nucleotide sequence, of a DNA molecule is a common laboratory procedure called "DNA sequencing." There is always a need to create new, updated series analyses. Major sequencing achievements, such as the development of the human genome sequence in 2001 and the 1000 Genomes Project, laid the foundation for genomic research in clinical samples. NGS involves a variety of different approaches to nucleic acid sequencing. However, what they all have in common is; It is the parallel sequencing of DNA or RNA molecules. Sample preparation for sequencing is technically similar. Here you need to isolate the DNA or RNA, check the quality measurements, and then follow the library preparation protocol. Illumina and Thermo Fisher offer short-read sequencing platforms (100-400 bp), while Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) offer long-read sequencing (>500 bp). The use of NGS in the diagnosis of infectious diseases is increasingly being investigated and used in some clinical laboratory applications. NGS allows the detection of pathogens using a variety of approaches. Although there are various platforms for NGS, third-generation nanopore arrays provide solutions to problems in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Examples of these solutions include pathogen detection, resistance prediction and characterization of the microbiota community. Third-generation sequencing devices are ideal for clinical laboratories of all sizes due to their size and cost. New technologies have made it easier and more practical to validate methods, perform nucleic acid extractions, prepare and sequence libraries, and analyze data. Nanopore sequencing is not only useful for microbial characterization in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, but also for monitoring changes in the human microbiome. Microbiota research has grown rapidly over the past decade and will become even more important in the future..