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    Boron-substituted biomaterials
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Abuhamed, Nader; Arslan, Saynur; Öksüz, Kerim Emre
    Biomaterial scientists are interested in boron as a dopant element because of its natural functions in human hard tissues. However, boron does not exist in its elemental form in nature. Instead, it reacts with oxygen to form boric acid (H3BO3). Boron occurs naturally as borates, including orthoborate BO33-, metaborate BO2-, or tetraborate BO4O72- or as any salt containing these anions, such as sodium metaborate, Na+[BO2]-, and borax (Na+)2[B4O7]2-. Boron exerts a range of biological effects, including impacts on reproduction and embryogenesis, promoting wound healing and enhancing responses to injury or infection, influencing calcium and bone metabolism, and benefiting central nervous function. It also affects the presence or function of various hormones, such as thyroid hormone, insulin, estrogen, and progesterone, as well as calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D, which are involved in hard tissue metabolism. Research conducted at the molecular level has demonstrated that boron can increase RNA transcription within placental nuclei and activate mRNA translation, particularly for growth factors involved in wound repair and the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). This chapter will provide a summary of the recent advances in the development of boron biomaterials that respond to specific biomedical applications. © 2024 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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    From biopolymer matrix to medicine: the drug delivery dynamics of amoxicillin-loaded PVA/SA/ZnONPs hydrogels
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Abuhamed, Nader; Arslan, Saynur; Oksuz, Kerim Emre; Dincer, Emine
    This research presents a comprehensive study of Polyvinyl alcohol/Sodium alginate/Zinc oxide nanoparticles (PVA/SA/ZnONPs) and PVA/SA/ZnONPs/Amoxicillin (AMX) hydrogels, demonstrating their potential for various biomedical applications. A comparative analysis of their swelling behavior, in vitro biodegradation, antibacterial properties, and drug release profiles was performed. The hydrogels demonstrated distinct swelling characteristics, with the PVA/SA/ZnONPs/AMX hydrogel showing a higher initial swelling ratio. This behavior, likely due to the increased hydrophilicity from AMX, subsequently decreased over time, indicating AMX release into the environment. The biodegradation study highlighted a faster degradation rate for the PVA/SA/ZnONPs/AMX hydrogel, suggesting its suitability for applications requiring rapid degradation, such as drug delivery systems. Regarding antibacterial properties, the PVA/SA/ZnONPs/AMX hydrogel showed significant antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, making it a strong candidate for biomedical applications necessitating antibacterial activity. Additionally, the drug release study presented a gradual and controlled release of AMX from the hydrogels over time, demonstrating their potential for sustained drug delivery applications. This research underscores the potential of PVA/SA/ZnONPs/AMX hydrogel, particularly for biomedical applications, especially in wound healing and drug delivery domains, given its potent antibacterial properties and controlled drug release behavior.