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    A Middle Paleolithic Settlement from the Northern Levant: The Finds of Uca??zl? II Cave
    (Istanbul Univ, 2021) Baykara, Ismail; Kural, Ece Eren; Acikkol, Aysen; Agras, Mustafa Kenan
    ucagizli II Cave, a Middle Paleolithic site on the Mediterranean coast of Hatay Province, Turkey, is partly collapsed and, based on uranium series dates, is dated between 75,000 and 42,000 BP. This paper examined faunal remains and lithic assemblages from layer Bu (B-upper), obtained during the 2020 excavation season. In layer Bu, typical faunal remains of the Mediterranean have been identified, and for the first time, ornamentation samples have been found in mollusk remains. Lithic assemblages are characterized by Levallois industry, and flake-based production has been determined. Additionally, unipolar Levallois core, Mousterian, and Levallois points and sidescrapers dominate the lithic assemblages. These features indicate that stone tools from layer Bu belong to the Levantine Middle Paleolithic culture and resemble Tabun C type industry. This situation shows human dispersal to the northern Levant during the Upper Pleistocene.
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    The optimization of aDNA extraction protocol and sex determination of Bronze Age individuals from Oylum Hoyuk (Kilis, Turkey)
    (TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2011) Arslan, Serdal; Acikkol, Aysen; Korkmaz, Ertan Mahir
    Oylum Hoyuk falls within the borders of the province of Kills, located in the southern part of Turkey. It is an important Bronze Age settlement dating back to 5500 BC. In this study, the sex of 36 individuals found in Oylum Hoyuk was examined using morphological and genetic methods. In the morphological method, sex was identified in 14 female and 13 male individuals. The remaining 8 individuals could not be identified due to the poor preservation of their skeletal remains. Genetic sex was determined with the amplification of sex-specific X, Y centromeric alphoid repeats and ZFX-ZYF gene regions of DNA, mostly extracted from teeth. Based on ZFX-ZYF gene regions, sex was successfully determined using the PCR-RFLP method. The amplification results of ZFX-ZYF gene regions were also tested by applying the PCR-RFLP method. The amplification of X, Y centromeric alphoid repeats was successful in 29 individuals, while sex determination based on ZFX-ZFY fragments was carried out in 22 individuals. The vast majority of the results determined by analysis of ancient DNA were consistent with the morphological method. However, these 2 methods produced slightly different results for 5 individuals. Finally, the results indicated that ancient DNA analysis is a reliable method for sex determination, especially in poorly preserved and fragmented skeletal remains.
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    Paleopathological Analysis of Craniosynostosis (CS): Two Cases of Plagiocephaly from the Archaeological Site of Kayalıpınar, Sivas, Turkey
    (Istanbul Univ, 2024) Sari, Ibrahim; Acar, Sercan; Acikkol, Aysen
    This article describes two individuals diagnosed with craniosynostosis. The archaeological human remains were uncovered from Kayal & imath;p & imath;nar excavations in Sivas's province in Turkey. The skeletons described here belong to the Byzantine period. Anterior plagiocephaly (unicoronal synostosis) observed in a female aged 30-34, and posterior plagiocephaly (unilambdoid synostosis) observed in a male aged 20-30. Both skulls show deformities due to synostosis. It is assumed that premature suture closure has no influence on the death of individuals. Craniosynostosis is a known case in clinical studies; however, its frequency in archaeological records/paleopathological literature is unclear. No example of craniosynostosis (especially plagiocephaly) has been found in ancient Anatolian populations, except for scaphocephaly. In conclusion, in addition to dental anomalies, bulging on the frontal bone and lambdoid suture fusion were found in this study, which provides a specific example and useful results for future research.