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    The effect of dystocia on passive immune status, oxidative stress, venous blood gas and acid-base balance in lambs
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018) Aydogdu, Ugur; Coskun, Alparsian; Yuksel, Murat; Basbug, Onur; Agaoglu, Zahid Tevfik
    The aim of this study was to research the effect of dystocia in lambs on passive immune status, oxidative stress, venous blood gas and acid-base balance. The study involved 20 lambs of both sexes. The lambs were divided into two groups, normal (n = 10) and dystocia (n = 10) births. Blood samples for blood gas, MDA, GSH, GSH-Px and IgG were collected at 0 h and at periodic intervals of 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 h. Both groups' 0 h pH and glucose levels were under normal values and their pCO(2) and lactate levels were above normal values. The blood pH increased in both groups in the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 24th and 48th hours at a significant rate when compared to 0 h and the pCO(2) level decreased at a significant rate. Moreover, the blood pH of the dystotic lambs was found to be low according to the normal birth group in 0 h and the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 48th hours, but no statistical difference was determined. When it was compared to the normal birth group, the pO(2) and O-2 saturation in dystotic lambs was low at all hours but a statistical difference was determined only in the 48th hour. Lactate levels decreased in both groups. When the oxidative stress parameters were analysed, no statistical difference was determined although the malondialdehyde (MDA) level of the dystotic lambs was found to be higher than the normal birth group and its glutation (GSH) and glutation peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were lower. When the IgG levels of the lambs at the postnatal 48th hour were examined, no difference was found between the two groups. In conclusion, it was deduced that dystocia caused negative effects on the oxidative stress and blood gases but the changes in the lambs' passive immunity, oxidative stress, blood gases and vital functions could be reduced to a minimum level with early intervention in dystocia.
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    The determination of treatment effect of chitosan oligosaccharide in lambs with experimentally cryptosporidiosis
    (Elsevier, 2019) Aydogdu, Ugur; Coskun, Alparslan; Atas, Ahmet Duran; Basbug, Onur; Agaoglu, Zahid Tevfik
    In this study, it was aimed to investigate the efficacy of chitosan oligosaccharide administrations in different doses of experimental infected lambs with Cryptosporidium parvum. 32 male lambs were used in the study and the lambs were divided into 4 groups with 8 lambs in each group. Groups 1, 2 and 3, twice a day, were administered chitosan oligosaccharide at a dose of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 7 days, respectively, with milk replacer. In group 4, lambs with cryptosporidiosis were subjected to normal feeding as control without drug administration. Clinical examinations of lambs were made before treatment (day 0) and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after treatment and 5 ml of blood was collected from vena jugularis for blood analysis of all lambs. Weight changes of lambs were recorded at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. Stool specimens were collected pre-treatment (day 0) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 post-treatment to determine oocyst excretion of lambs with cryptosporidiosis. Lambs with a mean oocyte counts > 10 after stool examination were included to the treatment. Changes in clinical hematology, blood gases and biochemical parameters were observed during the course of treatment, but these changes were limited. Weight loss was observed at 7th day according to 0th day the lambs with experimental cryptosporidiosis but gradually weight increase was observed at 14th and 21st days and these changes were similar in all groups. Oocyst excretion decreased in all groups during treatment. According to 0th day, there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in oocyte excretions in the third day in group 1 and 2, and in day 5 in the group 3 and 4. Significant changes (p < 0.05) were observed in oocyst excretions on the third and fifth days among the groups. As a result, in lambs with experimental cryptosporidiosis, chitosan oligosaccharide improved in clinical signs and stool character shorter than the positive control group and the administration of chitosan oligosaccharide at doses of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 7 days significantly reduced oocyst excretion but not enough to remove cryptosporidiosis completely.