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    Some new morpholine-based Schiff-base complexes; Synthesis, characterization, anticancer activities and theoretical studies
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2020) Rezaeivala, Majid; Ahmadi, Musa; Captain, Burjor; Bayat, Mehdi; Saeidirad, Mandi; Sahin-Bolukbasi, Serap; Yildiz, Batuhan
    A new morpholine-based ligand (2) has been prepared from condensation of a branched amine containing morpholine, N1-(3-morpholinopropyl)-N1-((pyridine-2-yl)methyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (1), and salicylaldehyde. Metal complexes were synthesized by reaction of the ligand and metal salts in ethanol and the resulting products were characterized by elemental analyses, ESI-MS, H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra, infrared, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The structure of two complexes including [ZnL](ClO4) (3) and [NiHL](ClO4)center dot H2O (6a) have been determined by single crystal X-ray structural analysis, showing that the metal atoms are in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal (Zn) and a square planar (Ni) environment, respectively. Compounds were assayed for their anticancer activities against a panel of human tumor cell lines, including breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), prostate cancer cells (PC-3) and human normal lung fibroblast cells (WI-38). Compounds 1, 2, 7, 9 and 10 demonstrated lower activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and PC-3 cell lines (IC50s > 100 mu M) compared to other compounds. It has been shown that complexes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 possess different anticancer potentials against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and PC-3. More importantly, it was observed that compounds 3, 5 and 6 demonstrate a lower activity against WI-38 normal cell line than they do against cancer cell lines. Our results indicated that compound 8 has the highest anticancer activity on cancer cell lines, and the reason for that can be attributed to the presence of a silver atom in the complex. These results clearly showed that the anticancer activities of these compounds depend on the type of metal in the complex as well as the tested cancer cell line. Furthermore, the geometries of the [ML](n+) (M = Zn2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Fe3+ and Co2+, n = 0, 1, 2) complexes have been optimized at the BP86/def2-SVP level of theory. The nature of M -> L bonds in [ML](n+) complexes have been studied with the help of NBO analysis.
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    Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic activity studies of new N4O complexes derived from 2-({3-[2-morpholinoethylamino]-N3-([pyridine-2-yl]methyl) propylimino} methyl)phenol
    (Wiley, 2020) Rezaeivala, Majid; Ahmadi, Musa; Captain, Burjor; Sahin-Bolukbasi, Serap; Dehghani-Firouzabadi, Ahmad Ali; Gable, Robert William
    A new unsymmetrical five-coordinate Schiff base ligand (HL) with an N4O donor set (2) has been prepared by condensation of N1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-N1-([pyridine-2-yl]methyl)propane-1,3-diamine with 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde. Metal complexes [ML](n+) (M = Zn2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Fe3+, and Co2+ (3-10) were synthesized by the reaction of the ligand and metal salts in ethanol. The resulting products were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared, H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (in the case of Cd and Zn complexes), UV-Vis, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric, and conductivity measurements. The structure of the complexes [ZnL](ClO4) (3), [CdL](ClO4) (4), and [CuL](ClO4) (7) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The metal complexes were determined to have a distorted trigonal bipyramidal (Zn and Cd) or a distorted square pyramidal (Cu) geometry. The cytotoxic potential of each compound (1-10) against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cells), PC-3 (prostate cancer cells), and WI-38 human normal lung fibroblast cells was evaluated using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Compounds 1, 2, and 10 did not display any activity toward any cell line tested. None of the compounds except compound 8 was cytotoxic toward PC-3. Compounds 4 and 8 showed the highest cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Because compounds 3, 6, and 9 have similar half-maximal inhibitory concentration values against cancer cells and normal cells, these compounds displayed poor selectivity between cancer and normal cells. More importantly, it was observed that compound 5 acts differently toward different types of cell lines. For example, it displays lower cytotoxicity against the WI-38 normal cell line than it does against the MDA-MB-231 cell line.