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    The first paleoxylotomical evidence from the Mid-Eocene Climate Optimum from Turkey
    (Elsevier, 2021) Akkemik, Unal; Mantzouka, Dimitra; Tunc, Umut; Kocbulut, Fikret
    Petrified wood is important evidence of forest type and past climate. Studies from mainly the Neogene of Turkey described many fossil woods, and revealed valuable information about the paleoenvironment structure and climate. This is the first occurrence of plant macrofossils belonging to the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum, a crucial period in Earth's history, found in Turkey. The purpose of the present study is to investigate, for the first time, the Middle Eocene Climate Optimum of Turkey through the first identification of two paleoxylotomical findings of Lutetian age from Central-North Turkey. After working on the thin wood sections, a new fossil genus of Lauraceae, Actinodaphnoxylon gen. nov. was described with a type species of Actinodaphnoxylon zileensis sp. nov. Another coniferous specimen was described as Pinuxylon cf. P. tarnocziense. These species indicate the presence of warm, humid rainforest and lower mountain forest 40-41 million years ago in the middle Black Sea region (Tokat-Zile) of North-Central Turkey. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Wood and leaf remains of palms with affinities to Sabal Adans., from the middle Eocene of Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Akkemik, Unal; Iamandei, Stanila; Iamandei, Eugenia; Kocbulut, Fikret; Guner, Huseyin Tuncay; Celik, Hakan; Tunc, Umut
    Two new fossil species based on the study of wood remains and leaf imprints from the middle Eocene (ekerek Formation (central-northern part of Turkey) are assigned to the palm family Arecaceae. Standard thin sections from the two samples of fossil wood were investigated and identified as Palmoxylon sabaloides Greguss 1969, with close xylotomical affinities to the modern genus Sabal Adans. The leaf imprints are weakly costapalmate and correspond to the genus Sabal as well. Based on the short petiole extension (costa), the leaves resemble the fossil-species Sabal lamanonis (Brongn.) Heer, 1855. This fossil-species was abundant in Paleogene strata of western and southwestern Europe but has only rarely been described from Cenozoic strata of the Eastern Mediterranean region. The presence of this species, in combination with previously reported pollen records of mangrove palms, indicate warm (sub)tropical conditions in the middle Eocene of north-central Turkey and may reflect the Middle Eocene Climate Optimum (MECO).