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Öğe Effect on the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone Erkenek and Pazarcik Segments of the 6 February 2023 Pazarcik (Kahramanmaras) Earthquake: Observations from Celikhan-Golbasi (Adiyaman)(Afet ve Acil Durum Yonetimi Baskanligi (AFAD), 2023) Aksoy, Ercan; Akgun, Elif; Softa, Mustafa; Kocbulut, Fikret; Sozbilir, Hasan; Tatar, Orhan; Erol, Serap ColakThis study aims to evaluate on a regional scale the surface ruptures that developed on the segments forming the southern branch of the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), on 2023 February 6, based on the morphology and slip amounts determined by mapping at 1/25.000 scale. It has in sight that the left lateral displacement, which measured 2.90 m at Celikhan, reached 3.80 m towards Golbasi/Balkar along the surface rupture and increased as close to the location of the main shock. The surface rupture developing a narrow deformation zone in Celikhan forms an extensional deformation zone by stepping to the left towards Golbasi/Balkar locality. Due to this situation, small-scale pull-apart basins have developed in the area, where vertical offsets up to 60 cm are also measured. © 2023 Universite de Paris VI (Pierre et Marie Curie). All rights reserved.Öğe Surface deformations of 24 January 2020 Sivrice (Elazığ)–Doğanyol (Malatya) earthquake (Mw = 6.8) along the Pütürge segment of the East Anatolian Fault Zone and its comparison with Turkey’s 100-year-surface ruptures(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2020) Tatar, Orhan; Sözbilir, Hasan; Koçbulut, Fikret; Bozkurt, Erdin; Aksoy, Ercan; Eski, Semih; Özmen, BülentOn Friday, January 24, 2020 at 20.55:11 local time (17:55 UTC), an earthquake with a magnitude of Mw = 6.8 has occurred in Sivrice district of Elazığ (Eastern Turkey). Focal mechanism solution is consistent with pure left-lateral strike-slip faulting; the location of the epicenter and fault mechanism suggest deformation along the Pütürge segment of the East Anatolian Fault Zone. A 10-day fieldwork was carried out along the Pütürge segment to study surface deformation; the geometry of the surface rupture and other seismic geomorphological structures were mapped and studied in detail. The field data are also correlated with satellite images. This paper, therefore, presents classification of seismic geomorphological structures and discuss intimate relationship between fault geometry and stress field in the region. Seismic geomorphological deformation and related features of the Sivrice (Elazığ) earthquake are observed in the area between Gezin (Elazığ) and Ormaniçi (Pütürge) villages; they are classified into two as seismotectonic and seismo-gravitational features. Field observations confirm that seismo-gravitational structures develop along both Gezin-Sivrice–Doğanbağı and Doğanbağı–Çevrimtaş–Ilıncak–Koldere–Ormaniçi sections of the Pütürge segment, while surface rupture is mapped as seismotectonic structure only along the Doğanbağı–Çevrimtaş–Ilıncak–Koldere–Ormaniçi section. Small-scale landslides, rock falls, feather cracks along asphaltic roads, and laterally discontinues ground failure-related features are common seismo-gravitational structures that developed along the fault zone. In addition, small-scale lateral spreading and liquefaction structures are common especially in areas where fault-perpendicular streams meet the Karakaya Dam reservoir. The surface rupture is mapped as stepping and overlapping en échelon fractures along elongated pressure ridges between Çevrimtaş and Doğanbağ villages, to northwest of Ilıncak village, along 1.5-km-long pressure ridge between Topaluşağı and Doğanyol, across the elongated hill that developed on an alluvial fan to the northwest of Doğanyol and in the area between Koldere and Ormaniçi villages. Surface fractures deforming the pressure ridges are all aligned parallel to the long axes of the ridges and display reverse components that give rise to small-scale pop-up structures. Interferometric SAR (DInSAR) studies indicate a 10-cm uplift in the northwestern block of the fault and a 6-cm subsidence in the southeast block. The difference in vertical movements between two blocks of the fault is interpreted to suggest that at least 30-km-long section of the Pütürge segment in the area between southwest of Sivrice and Pütürge is broken during the main shock. Although the focal mechanism solution of the main shock gives pure left-lateral strike-slip faulting, there is no significant left-lateral displacement observed during the fieldwork. This can be explained by the following: (1) left-lateral strike-slip displacement was not able to reach the surface; (2) left-lateral torque movement of the fault around a vertical axis during the earthquake, (3) restraining bend nature of the Pütürge segment, or (4) the presence of Pütürge metamorphics along the fault strike. It is also important to note that along most part of the Pütürge segment where surface rupture is observed, talus, colluvial or alluvial fan sediments are exposed; unconsolidated and/or poorly consolidated nature of these sediments may also be counted as one of the main reason for not observing horizontal displacement on the surface. When we compare these surface deformations with the surface ruptures that occurred in the last 100 years in Turkey, we suggest that the formation of the surface deformations is variable depending on: (1) the fault type and the state of regional stress, (2) the magnitude of the earthquake, (3) the duration time of the earthquake and (4) the geomorphologic feature of landscape in relation to the lithologic and structural features of the rock units along the active fault zone. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Surface rupture during the 6th of February 2023 Mw 7.6 Elbistan-Ekinözü (Kahramanmaraş) earthquake: implications for fault rupture dynamics along the northern branch of East Anatolian Fault Zone(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2024) Softa, Mustafa; Kocbulut, Fikret; Akgun, Elif; Aksoy, Ercan; Sozbilir, Hasan; Tatar, Orhan; Karabacak, VolkanOn the 6th of February 2023, Mw 7.7 Pazarcik (Kahramanmaras) and Mw 7.6 Ekinozu (Kahramanmaras) earthquakes that occurred in Turkiye are devastating earthquake series that filled the existing seismic gaps on East Anatolian Fault Zone on the same day. The first Mw 7.7 earthquake caught most people in their sleep and 9 h later, a second one was triggered, ending up with more than 50k death toll, widespread damage to buildings, and massive landslides. This study presents the surface rupture geometry and coseismic displacement characteristics determined with field observations immediately after February 6, 2023, Ekinozu (Kahramanmaras, Turkiye) earthquake (Mw 7.6). Preliminary implications show that the total rupture length is 130 +/- 10 km on the cardak segment and Dogansehir segment, known as the northern branch of the East Anatolian Fault Zone. Left lateral strike-slip faulting is developed with a maximum horizontal displacement of 6.60 m and an average displacement of 3.00 m. Furthermore, the pitches of slip lines ranging from 0 degrees to 10 degrees were measured on the neoformed fault planes. In addition to that, surface rupture exhibits restraining bends and releasing bends structure at small scales on the cardak segment. From this point on, our preliminary results signify that cardak and Dogansehir segments were consecutively broken in Mw 7.6 Ekinozu (Kahramanmaras) earthquake that traced between Goksun and Nurhak region and from there reached the Eskikoy regions. Furthermore, potential stress may be concentrated on not only the Surgu segment which is on the transfer fault between the northern branch and the southern branch of East Anatolian Fault Zone but also the west of the cardak segment and the northeast of the Dogansehir segment near Yesilyurt (Malatya).Öğe The Kinematics of Active Crustal Deformation in the Erkenek Segment of the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone Using Comprehensive Surface Rupture Analysis from the February 6, 2023 Earthquake (Mw 7.7)(TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası, 2025) Akgün, Elif; Softa, Mustafa; Erol, Serap Çolak; Aksoy, Ercan; Gürgöze, Serkan; Koçbulut, Fikret; Sözbilir, HasanThe Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) is a significant neotectonic feature in Anatolia, characterized as an active intra-continental left-lateral strike-slip fault. The EAFZ comprises two distinct parts: the southern branch, referred to as the main branch, and the northern branch. This study examines the surface rupture near Çelikhan (Adıyaman) on the Erkenek Segment, which developed during the February 6, 2023 Pazarcık earthquake (Mw 7.7), occurring along the southern branch of the EAFZ. The primary emphasis of this study centers on preliminary findings derived from thorough geological investigations conducted on the surface fault rupture. Additionally, novel insights into seismic activity associated with the Erkenek Segment were revealed for the first time through meticulous field studies. In the studies, the maximum left-lateral displacement measured in the Çelikhan section of the surface fracture was 3.25 meters, accompanied by a vertical slip of 50 centimeters. The magnitude of left-lateral displacement decreased and attenuated moving northeastward from Çelikhan. Based on kinematic analysis of slip data obtained from fault planes along the Erkenek segment, the deformation aligned with the segment's geometry and occurred within a strike-slip tectonic regime influenced by compressional stress predominantly oriented in NE-SW and NNW-SSE directions.
