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Öğe First molecular detection of Canine Hemoplasmas in Sivas province in central part of Turkey(2021) Erol, Ufuk; Altay, Kürşat; Şahin, Ömer Faruk; Ataş, Ahmet Duran; Urhan, Osman FurkanCanine hemoplasmas are vector-borne bacterial pathogens having worldwide distribution. There are twohemoplasmas species that cause disease in dogs. These are Mycoplasma haemocanis and Candidatus Mycoplasmahaematoparvum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of canine hemoplasmas among apparentlyhealthy 194 owned-dogs in Sivas Province using species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). According toour results, the overall prevalence of canine hemoplasmas was 14.94% (29/194). The molecular prevalence of M.haemocanis and Ca. M. haematoparvum was detected as 8.24% (16/194) and 10.82% (21/194) respectively whilethe prevalence of co-infections was 4.12% (8/194). In this study, Ca. M. haematoparvum which can infect humanswas found more prevalent than M. haemocanis. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first molecular study on thedetermination of canine hemoplasmas in Sivas province in Turkey.Öğe Investigation of Zoonotic Helminths in Children Playgrounds in Sivas Province(2021) Erol, Ufuk; Altay, Kürşat; Şahin, Ömer Faruk; Urhan, Osman FurkanHuman toxocariasis is categorized as a neglected parasitic disease by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The disease is more prevalent in children than adults because children are more frequently exposed to the eggs of T. canis and T. cati which are the etiological agents of human toxocariasis during playing outside. The aim of this study was to research the presence of helminth species in children playgrounds in Sivas using microscopic and molecular techniques. For this purpose, 84 sand samples were taken from 25 children playgrounds from July 2020 to July 2021. Moreover, 68 stool samples that belong to cats, dogs, and red foxes were collected from and around children playgrounds. Toxocara spp. eggs were found in five sand samples. According to PCR results, T. cati was detected in three sand samples while T. canis was found in two sand samples. Toxascaris leonina was detected only in one dog stool sample, whereas no parasite species were found in cat stool samples. The eggs of Toxocara canis, Acanthocephala, T. leonina, Capillaria spp. were found in red fox stool samples. To the best of our knowledge, children playgrounds were researched for the first time in terms of zoonotic helminth species in Sivas.Öğe Molecular Survey of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Related Strains in Sheep and Goats from Sivas; with a High Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum-like 1(Galenos Publishing House, 2022) Erol, Ufuk; Şahin, Ömer Faruk; Altay, KürşatObjective: This study aimed to investigate Anaplasma phagocytophilum and related strains (A. phagocytophilum-like 1 and like 2) in sheep and goats for the first time in Sivas province with molecular techniques. Methods: The study material was composed of 247 animal (159 sheep and 88 goats) blood samples from four districts of Sivas province (Sivas City Center, Kangal, Koyulhisar, and Yıldızeli). A. phagocytophilum and related strains were screened with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-RFLP, and DNA sequence analysis. Results: A. phagocytophilum related strains were found in 44.93% (111/247) of the small ruminants using PCR. The infection rate was 45.91% (73/159) in sheep and 43.18% (38/88) in goats. In this study, 110 samples were positive for only A. phagocytophilum-like 1, while A. phagocytophilum-like 1 and like 2 were mix-infection in one sample. A. phagocytophilum was not detected in sheep or goats. Two randomly selected PCR products were sequenced in both directions, and the consensus sequences were deposited on the GenBank under accession numbers: ON598644 and ON598645. Nucleotide similarity of 99.34-100% was determined between A. phagocytophilum-like 1 isolates obtained in this study and those of A. phagocytophilum-like 1 isolates present in the GenBank database. Conclusion: This study provides the first molecular data on A. phagocytophilum-like 1 and like 2 in Sivas province. Considering the high positive rate of the A. phagocytophilum-like 1 in sheep and goats, there is a paucity of data on clinical symptoms and vector species of the pathogen. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the vector tick species and clinical symptoms of the pathogen in the host. © 2022 Turkish Society for Parasitology.Öğe Molecular Survey of Theileria and Babesia Species in Small Ruminants and Ticks from Sivas Region of Turkey(Kırgızistan Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi, 2017) Altay, Kürşat; Ataş, Ahmet Duran; Özkan, ErkanThis study was carried out to investigate the presence and distribution of Theileria and Babesia species with microscopic examination and reverse line blotting (RLB) techniques in sheep, goats and ticks from Sivas (Sivas, Kangal, Koyulhisar, Yıldızeli) of Central Anatolia region of Turkey. For this purpose 309 blood samples (206 sheep and 103 goats) and 478 tick samples that divided into 27 pools as the species were collected from sheep and goats. The total genomic DNAs were extracted from 309 blood samples and 27 tick pools were tested by RLB for Theileria and Babesia species. A total of 8 animals (2.59 %) were found to be positive for Theileria spp. piroplasms in microscopic examination of the smears. Four species or genotypes (Theileria ovis, Theileria sp. MK, Theileria sp. OT3, Babesia ovis) were detected in sheep, goats and ticks pools with RLB. 18S SSU Infection rate of T. ovis was 56.80 % in sheep, 3.88 % in goats and totally 39.16 %. Theileria sp. OT3 was detected in 4.85 % of sheep and 3.24 % of all animals, while Theileria sp. MK was detected 3.88 % in sheep and 2.59 % in all animals. rRNA gene sequences were detected for all species or genotypes. The sequences were submitted to GenBank under accession numbers; KF266694, KF266695, KF434321 and KF440691. The tick species were identified as Rhipicephalus bursa, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Hyolamma marginatum, H. detritum and Dermacentor marginatus. According to the result of tick pools analysed by RLB, T. ovis were detected in R. bursa, H. marginatum, H. detritum and Hae. sulcata while B. ovis were determined in R. bursa.Öğe Sivas yöresi köpeklerinde Toxoplasma gondii'nin seroprevalansının araştırılması(2013) Altay, Kürşat; Babür, Cahit; Ataş, Ahmet Duran; Beyhan, Yunus Emre; Özkan, ErkanBu çalışmada, Sivas yöresindeki sahipli ve sokak köpeklerinde Toxoplasma gondiinin seroprevalansının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Sivas yöresinden (Sivas, Hafik, Kangal, Suşehri, Ulaş, Yıldızeli) 60ı sahipli ve 60ı sokak köpeği olmak üzere toplam 120 köpekten serum örneği toplanmıştır. Bu örnekler Sabin Feldman Boya Testi ile anti-T.gondii antikorlarının varlığı yönünden incelenmiştir. İncelenen 120 köpek serumunun 115 (%95,8)inde anti-T. gondii antikorları belirlenmiştir. T.gondii seropozitifliği erkek köpeklerde %95,6, dişilerde %96,2 (p?0,05), sahipli köpeklerde %96,7, sokak köpeklerinde %95,0 (p?0,05), 0-2 yaş grubunda %93,9, 3-5 yaş grubunda %95,4, 6 yaş ve üstü grupta %100 (p?0,05) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Sivas yöresindeki köpeklerde T.gondiinin oldukça yüksek bir seroprevalansa sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, köpeklerin T.gondiinin epidemiyolojisinde önemli bir rol oynadıklarını gösterdiğinden, gerek veteriner ve gerekse halk sağlığı bakımından dikkate alınmalıdır.Öğe Survey of anaplasma ınfections in small ruminants from east part of Turkey(2014) Altay, Kürşat; Dumanlı, Nazir; Aktaş, Münir; Özübek, SezaiBu çalışma Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya ve Muş yöresindeki koyun ve keçilerde Anaplasma ovis ve Anaplasma phagocytophilum’un araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Rastgele seçilen 422 sağlıklı (291 koyun 131 keçi) hayvandan kan örneği alınmıştır. A. ovis için 60 kDA chaperonin gen (cpn60, hsp60 veya gro EL olarak da bilinir) ve Anaplasma phagocytophilum için 16S SSU rRNA genlerine spesifik primerler kullanılarak tür spesifik PCR yapılmıştır. PCR sonucunda toplam 301 (%71.32) hayvan A. ovis ve/veya A. phagocytophilum ile enfekte bulunmuştur. Örneklerin %67.06 (283/422)’sı A. ovis, %19.66 (83/422)’sı A. phagocytophilum ve %15.40 (65/422)’ı her iki tür yönünden pozitif olarak tespit edilmiştir. A. ovis ve A. phagocytophilum yönünden pozitif olan PCR ürünleri agaroz jelden purifiye edilerek sekanslanmıştır. Elde edilen DNA dizilimlerin daha önce bildirilen A. ovis ve A. phagocytophilum’a ait dizilimlerle aynı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde koyun ve keçilerde A. ovis ve A. phagocytophilum’un moleküler yöntemlerle teşhisi üzerine yapılan ilk araştırmadır. Türlerin genotipleri ve vektörlerinin belirlenmesine yönelik çalışmaların gerektiği düşünülmektedir.Öğe Survey of Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma Infections of Cattle and Ticks from Sivas Province of Turkey(2020) Altay, Kürşat; Atas, Ahmet Duran; Ograk, Yusuf Ziya; Özkan, ErkanThis study was carried out to investigate the presence and distribution of Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasmaspecies in cattle and their ticks from Sivas province. A total of 314 EDTA-blood samples and 610 ticks were analysed.A part of 18S and 16SrRNA genes of Theileria/Babesia and Anaplasma species were amplified from the genomicDNAs extracted of the blood samples and tick pools by with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 14 probes (twocatchall, two genera and ten species-specific) were bound on a membrane and then the PCR products were tested byreverse line blot (RLB) assay. The partial sequences of the 18S and 16S rRNA genes of representative positive sampleswere determined. According to the results of the blood and tick samples analysed by RLB and sequencing, T.buffeli (GenBank accesion number: KJ183080), A. centrale (KJ183082), A. marginale (KJ183083), A. bovis(KJ183084), one Babesia genotype (Babesia sp. Sivas, KJ183081) and one Anaplasma genotype (Anaplasma sp.Sivas, KJ210855) were detected. Babesia sp. Sivas were found to be 99% identical with B. occultans, Babesia sp.Kashi and Babesia sp. Kayseri whereas Anaplasma sp. Sivas were found to be 99% and 98% identical with Anaplasmasp. Clone 7 and A. bovis, respectively. Overall prevalences of Theileria and Anaplasma infections in cattle werefound to be 5.10% and11.15% by RLB, respectively. This study is the first molecular survey on species of Theileria,Babesia and Anaplasma in cattle and ticks from Sivas.Öğe Tick Paralysis (Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Picture, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention)(Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 2020) Altay, Kürşat; Şahin, Ömer FarukTicks are blood-fed ectoparasites of the Arachnid class with a broad spectrum of hosts, including humans. Ticks have direct parasitic effects on their hosts and vectors for many pathogens. Although tick salivation is vital to complete of the tick's life cycle, the shaping of its parasitic effect also enables the transport of many pathogens to suitable hosts. However, neurotoxins in the salivary glands of some tick species cause the formation of a paralysis called tick paralysis in their hosts. Recently tick paralysis cases have increased, especially in humans and dogs. The aim of this review is to evaluate the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment approach and prevention strategies of tick paralysis in humans and animals in the light of relevant literature
