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    Achillea goniocephala Extract Loaded into Nanochitosan: In Vitro Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity
    (Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2021) Taskin, Duygu; Dogan, Murat; Ermanoglu, Mizgin; Arabaci, Turan
    Introduction: The present study aimed to prepare Achillea goniocephala chloroform extract and evaluate antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. Then, the nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized on the most efficient extracts and the biological activities of the free forms of the extracts were compared with the NPs forms. Methods: Antioxidant capacities of 14 extracts (A-N) prepared using column chromatography were determined by FRAP, DPPH and CUPRAC methods. Again, the cytotoxic activities of all fractions were evaluated on MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines using the XTT cell viability assay. Chitosantripolyphosphate (TPP) NPs of the extracts with the most active biological properties were formed using the ionic gelation method. Results: The particle size of the NPs synthesized from the two most efficient extracts was found to be between 274.12 and 296.25 nm. The extract-encapsulation and loading-efficiency of the most active NPs were found 77.6 +/- 0.04% and 7.76 +/- 0.01% for the F extract and 10.2 +/- 0.02 and 1.39 +/- 0.07% for the H extract, respectively. Conclusions: While antioxidant activity results of chitosan NPs were close to unencapsulated extracts, cytotoxic activity results were found to be better than unencapsulated extracts. Based on these results, it is thought that it would be more effective to use the encapsulated forms of A. goniocephala instead of the raw extract of the plant in the treatment.
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    Bioassay-guided isolation and antiproliferative efficacy of extract loaded in chitosan nanoparticles and LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis of Achillea magnifica
    (Elsevier, 2020) Taskin, Turgut; Dogan, Murat; Arabaci, Turan
    This study investigated the antioxidant, anti-urease, anticholinesterase, and antiproliferative activities of different extracts of A. magnifica. The active compounds were isolated from chloroform extract, which has the strongest antiproliferative and antioxidant activities. The structures of the isolated compounds (elenolic acid, luteolin, eupatilin) were examined using spectroscopic techniques (NMR, UV, HR-MS). The antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of isolated compounds showed lower biological activity than those of the chloroform extract. Therefore, chitosan nanoparticles were prepared with this extract and characterized. The cytotoxic activities of the chitosan nanoparticles were examined, and they were found to have a strong antiproliferative activity similar to that of the chloroform extract. The ethanol extract had strong anti-urease and anticholinesterase activity compared with other extracts. Therefore, phenolic compounds that might be responsible for the biological activity were analysed by LC-QTOF-MS/MS. The ferulic acid derivative, apigenin 6 C pentoside 8 C hexoside, apigenin 6,8-di C-hexoside, vitexin, and diosmetin 8-C-glucoside (orientin 4'-methyl ether) compounds from this plant were analysed for the first time. The results showed that the chloroform-loaded chitosan nanoparticles had a strong antiproliferative activity in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) and no toxic effect on normal cell lines (L-929), which suggested that this extract might be a potential candidate as a herbal medicine that can be investigated and evaluated in future cancer studies. Additionally, the potential use of ethanol extract as an anti-urease and anticholinesterase agent was revealed. (C) 2020 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.