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    A proposal forthe etymology of Turkic yarγak
    (Harrassowitz Verlag, 2024) Ayazli, Ozlem
    The paper aims to establish anetymology of yar gamma ak, first attested in the 14th century, based on data from several Turkic languages. While in older Turkic languages the term has meanings such as 'untanned leather', 'the leather fur worn by the Mongols', 'leather robe/clothing', in modern Turkic languagesit survives with meanings such as 'untanned leather', 'membrane', 'film', 'tanned leather', 'fur from foal skin or lambskin', 'tannedsheepskin or goatskin', 'dried skin', 'dried scab'. In addition, it is used metaphorically with meanings such as 'thin', 'skinny'; 'bare', 'bald', etc. in modern Turkic languages. The word has earlier been derived from*yar gamma a-, yaru-'to shine'. The proposals put for-ward in this study are as follows: 1. The origin of the word must beyari membrane', 'film', 'tanned leather', which is attested in older and modern Turkic languages: yari+gamma ak> yar gamma akwith vowel elision. 2. Based on the forms Middle Turkicyari gamma'leather strap',Altaykari gamma'untanned leather',and Yakutsariy'membrane', 'deerskin', the word must be connected with Proto-Turkic *yar & iuml;gamma< *yari gamma+ak. Furthermore, yar gamma akis derived with the denominal nominal suffix +gamma ak/+ak.
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    Etymology of the Word Atan
    (Istanbul Univ, 2020) Ayazli, Ozlem
    The word atan has occurred several times in historical Turkic languages (Old Turkic, Middle Turkic) as atan / atgan castrated camel and several etymologies have been written on the word. The aim of this study is to give the etymologies related to atan word and to suggest a new etymology of the word. For this purpose, the study is grouped under six subtitles: Introduction, The word Atan in Historical Turkic Languages, The Word Atan in Modern Turkic Languages, Etymologies Related to the Word Atan, A New Etymology Proposal and Conclusion. In the conclusion part, the following etymology has been proposed: Yak. at castrated > atta- (<*at+laa-) to castrate, < CT (Common Turkic) *at+a-n. Furthermore, it has also been determined that it is possible to develop the meanings of the word with the modern Turkish language and dialects, while the word only survives with the meaning castrated camel in historical Turkic languages. e.g. NewUyg., Uzb, KirTat. atan castrated camel; Khak. adan 1. working camel; 2. meth. tambourine; igir adan shaman tambourine (lit. `humpback camel'), alti imcektig igir adan sixwire shaman tambourine; Alt. adan shaman tambourine; Kaz. atan 1. castrated camel over four years old; 2. meth. huge, bulky; Bash. atan 1. male camel held for breeding purpose, 2. first offspring of camel.