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    Association between iron metabolism and SARS-COV-2 infection, determined by ferritin, hephaestin and hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha levels in COVID-19 patients
    (Springer, 2023) Aslan, Elif Sibel; Aydin, Hueseyin; Tekin, Yusuf Kenan; Keles, Sami; White, Kenneth N.; Hekim, Nezih
    Background Due to the growing evidence of the importance of iron status in immune responses, the biomarkers of iron metabolism are of interest in novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present prospective study was carried out to compare iron status indicated by levels of ferritin with the levels of two novel biomarkers related to iron homeostasis, hephaestin and hypoxia-inducible factors-1 (HIF-1 alpha) in the serum of patients with COVID-19 in comparison with a control group.Methods and results Blood samples from 34 COVID-19 patients and from 43 healthy volunteers were collected and the levels of HEPH and HIF-1 alpha were measured by ELISA and compared with levels of serum ferritin. COVID-19 patients had higher serum levels of ferritin than those levels in control group (P < 0.0001). Conversely levels of HIF-1 alpha and HEPH in the COVID-19 group were significantly lower than those of control group (P < 0.0001 for both). An inverse correlation between hephaestin and ferritin as well as between HIF-1 alpha and ferritin was found among all subjects (P < 0.0001), and among COVID-19 patients, but not to statistical significance.Conclusion Levels of hephaestin and HIF-1 alpha were found to be inversely related levels of ferritin across all participants in the study, and to our knowledge this is the first report of hephaestin and HIF-1 alpha as potential markers of iron status. Further studies are needed to corroborate the findings, utilizing a broader range of markers to monitor inflammatory as well as iron status.
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    DETERMINATION OF SERUM ADENOSINE DEAMINASE AND XANTHINE OXIDASE LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
    (HOSPITAL CLINICAS, UNIV SAO PAULO, 2010) Celik, V. Kenan; Sari, Ismail; Engin, Aynur; Yildiz, Guersel; Aydin, Hueseyin; Bakir, Sevtap
    OBJECTIVE: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate. Despite increasing knowledge about hemorrhagic fever viruses, little is known about the pathogenesis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. In this study, we measured serum adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase levels in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients. METHODS: Serum adenosine deaminase levels were measured with a sensitive colorimetric method described by Giusti and xanthine oxidase levels by the method of Worthington in 30 consecutive hospitalized patients (mean age 42.6 +/- 21.0). Laboratory tests confirmed their diagnoses of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Thirty-five subjects (mean age 42.9 +/- 19.1) served as the control group. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase levels between cases and controls (p<0.05). However, neither adenosine deaminase nor xanthine oxidase levels varied with the severity of disease in the cases assessed (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase levels were increased in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Elevated serum xanthine oxidase activity in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever may be associated with reactive oxygen species generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system during inflammatory responses. In addition, elevated lipid peroxidation may contribute to cell damage and hemorrhage. The association of cell damage and hemorrhage with xanthine oxidase activity should be further investigated in large-scale studies.
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    Urea Cycle and Arginine Metabolic Changes in COVID-19 Patients
    (Galenos Publ House, 2023) Ozbay, Sedat; Aydin, Hueseyin; Korkmaz, Ilhan; Tekin, Yusuf Kenan; Tekin, Guelacan; Yurtbay, Sefa; Sargin, Ata Berkay
    Aim: Metabolic changes begin after the invasion of an infectious microorganism and continue to develop as a series of interrelated events. Arginine is important in infectious diseases due to lymphocyte proliferation, nitricoxide production by macrophages, and the use of polyamides in the immune response. In this study, we aimed to examine the possible causes and consequences of urea cycle amino acid metabolism changes by comparing plasma arginine and urea cycle amino acid levels in Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the urea cycle and arginine metabolic changes and compared the plasma aminoacid levels of 35 COVID-19 patients and a healthy control group (n=35). The patient was diagnosed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of oropharyngeal-nasofaringeal swab specimens. For statistical analyzes, Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests were used. Results: The aminoacid plasma levels of argininosuccinate (1.03 mu mol/L, p=3.3x10-3), arginine (53.64 mu mol/L, p=1.1x10-3), aspartic acid (3.83 mu mol/L, p=5.5x10-9), citrulline (27.79 mu mol/L, p=3.3x10-5), glutamine (489.6 mu mol/L, p=9.0x10-17), lysine (206.4 mu mol/L, p=5.8x10-8), ornithine (129.5 mu mol/L, p=0.012), plasma levels and glutamine/glutamate (p=3.4x10-11), arg/ornithine (p=0.033), asp/argininosuccinate (p=0.011) ratios were decreased in the COVID-19 patient group compared to the healthy group. Conclusion: Arginine is significant in endothelial control, the urea cycle, and immune activation. Arginine deficiency in COVID-19 patients may cause disturbances in this biological process and its pathways. As indicated by many clinical trials, we believe that preventing a decrease in plasma arginine levels will prevent a poor prognosis of patients and metabolic pathway disturbances in the urea cycle.