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    Chemokine receptor 5 ?32 gene polymorphism and abdominal aortic aneurysms
    (2010) Aydin, Murat; Katrancio?lu, Nurkay; Manduz, Şinasi; Atahan, Erhan; Karahan, O?uz; Özdemir, Öztürk; Berkan, Öcal
    Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and chemokine receptor 5 ?32 (CCR5) gene polymorphism as a risk factor. Methods: Fifty-eight patients (41 males, 17 females; mean age 62.9±6.5 years; range 45 to 78 years) operated on our clinic between May 2008 and March 2009 with the diagnosis of AAA, and 58 healthy volunteers (38 males, 20 females; mean age 58.8±11.6 years; range 30 to 79 years) with normal aortic diameters measured by computed tomography were included in this study. Thirty-two base p deletions in the CCR5 gene were screened after obtaining genomic DNAs from peripheral blood samples of the patients. Results: When the groups were compared with the predisposing risk factors for the development of AAA, no significant difference was observed (p>0.05). Eleven patients (19.0%) had heterozygote CCR5 gene mutation in the AAA group, however, only one patient (1.7%) had heterozygote CCR5 gene mutation in the control group. While the CCR5 homozygote was normal in 47 (81.0%) patients, the CCR5 homozygote was normal in 57 (98.3%) volunteers in the control group. Chemokine receptor 5 ?32 heterozygote gene mutation was significantly higher in the AAA group. (p=0.004). Conclusion: Consequently, a relationship between CCR5 gene polymorphism and AAA was demonstrated in this study. We think that hereditary factors considered between unchanged etiologic factors play a role in the development of AAA and we believe that AAA can be treated before serious complications occur with frequent clinical check ups in people with hereditary predisposition.
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    Chemokine receptor 5 Delta 32 gene polymorphism and abdominal aortic aneurysms
    (BAYCINAR MEDICAL PUBL-BAYCINAR TIBBI YAYINCILIK, 2010) Aydin, Murat; Katrancioglu, Nurkay; Manduz, Sinasi; Atahan, Erhan; Karahan, Oguz; Ozdemir, Ozturk; Berkan, Ocai
    Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and chemokine receptor 5 Delta 32 (CCR5) gene polymorphism as a risk factor. Methods: Fifty-eight patients (41 males, 17 females; mean age 62.9 +/- 6.5 years; range 45 to 78 years) operated on our clinic between May 2008 and March 2009 with the diagnosis of AAA, and 58 healthy volunteers (38 males, 20 females; mean age 58.8 +/- 11.6 years; range 30 to 79 years) with normal aortic diameters measured by computed tomography were included in this study. Thirty-two base p deletions in the CCR5 gene were screened after obtaining genomic DNAs from peripheral blood samples of the patients. Results: When the groups were compared with the predisposing risk factors for the development of AAA, no significant difference was observed (p>0.05). Eleven patients (19.0%) had heterozygote CCR5 gene mutation in the AAA group, however, only one patient (1.7%) had heterozygote CCR5 gene mutation in the control group. While the CCR5 homozygote was normal in 47 (81.0%) patients, the CCR5 homozygote was normal in 57 (98.3%) volunteers in the control group. Chemokine receptor 5 Delta 32 heterozygote gene mutation was significantly higher in the AAA group. (p=0.004). Conclusion: Consequently, a relationship between CCR5 gene polymorphism and AAA was demonstrated in this study. We think that hereditary factors considered between unchanged etiologic factors play a role in the development of AAA and we believe that AAA can be treated before serious complications occur with frequent clinical check ups in people with hereditary predisposition.
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    Effect of chill formation on the mechanical properties and microstructure of grey and nodular cast irons used in automotive industry
    (PAMUKKALE UNIV, 2016) Subutay, Halit; Simsir, Mehmet; Aydin, Murat; Karaca, Bahadir
    Cam shafts used in automobiles are produced by cast iron (grey cast iron, nodular cast iron) or steel. In this study, effect of chill formation on the surface of grey and nodular cast irons is investigated on the wear behavior, hardness, impact toughness and microstructure of grey and nodular cast irons. For this purpose, four types cam shaft made of grey cast iron with and without chill on the surfaces and nodular cast iron with and without chill on the surfaces, were casted. Mechanical tests were conducted after the camshafts have been produced by casting method. Surface hardness and wear resistance of grey and nodular cast irons have been improved by chill formation on the surfaces and it is concluded that the amount of wear on the surfaces of grey cast iron with chill and nodular cast iron with chill is almost the same. Maximum hardness value was obtained on the surface of grey cast iron with chill. The impact toughness has been found to decrease by chill formation. Maximum impact toughness value was obtained on nodular cast iron. Microstructures of grey cast iron with and without chill and nodular cast iron with and without chill were examined under optical microscope and worn surfaces of cast irons were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Wear mechanisms of the four types of cast iron were evaluated by SEM examination.
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    Instant and freshness effect of mouth rinses on type 1 (oral) halitosis
    (Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana, 2019) Aydin, Murat; Derici, Mustafa Ç; Keşkek, Şakir Ö; Demir, Yusuf İ; Yeler, Defne
    Hygiene deficiency causes type 1 (oral) halitosis. There are short and long­term studies on the anti­halitosis effect of mouth rinses but less knowledge on their instant effects. The aim of this study was to compare instant and freshness effects of 8 mouth rinses on type 1 halitosis. Ninety self­reported halitosis patients (19­58 y.o., median 31) were randomly divided into 9 groups. Cysteine (20 mM) challenge test was applied to obtain maximum halitosis level in the mouth of each patient. Single use of 8 different mouth rinses (R1­R8) and tap water (R0) were tested on each group (n=10). Afterward, patients were requested to score oral freshness effect of the mouth rinse on a 5­point scale (0, bad; 5, fresh). Minimum halitosis level was obtained by rinsing with 20 mMol ZnCL2. In each step, oral gas (organic, NH3, SO2, H2S, H2) concentrations were quantified by using a portable multi­gas detector (MX6, IndSci, US). The ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis tests were used to compare the quantitative measurements. R3 (Halitosil Zn) mouth rinse was found to be have the highest instant anti­halitosis effect while the R2 (Colgate plax) had the lowest. The sensation of freshness was highest in R7 (Oxyfresh power mouth rinse lemon­mint) and lowest in R8 (Signal expert protection). The freshness effect was not associated with the anti­halitosis effect (r= 0.185, p=0.608). Mouth rinses containing ZnCl2 without alcohol are instantly effective on halitosis. Mouth rinses containing ethyl and other alcohols (including glycol, sorbitol, menthol, eucalyptol, thymol, xylitol and eugenol) were found to be less effective on halitosis. © 2019, Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana. All rights reserved.
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    Is There Any Relation Between Type 1 Halitosis and Oral Candida Colonisation?
    (ANKARA MICROBIOLOGY SOC, 2019) Aydin, Murat; Derici, Mustafa Cagri; Unal, Yener; Yeler, Defne; Demir, Yusuf Islam
    Pathologic halitosis has been classified into 5 types: oral, airway, gastroesophageal, blood-borne and subjective, respectively. Type 1 (oral) halitosis mostly takes origin from anaerobic bacterial activities on oral surfaces. The role of anaerobic bacterial activities is clearly demonstrated, but despite the large number of anectodal claims, the role of Candida in patients with halitosis has not been adequately investigated. The aim of this study was to confirm the relationship between Candida and halitosis. A total of 136 subjects were enrolled and divided into two groups. The study group comprised of 69 patients with halitosis who had over 0.7 ppm H2S concentration in their oral cavity and the control group comprised of 67 healthly subjects. Self assesment scores for halitosis, Candida colony counts in saliva samples, oral NH3, SO2, H2S, H-2 and volatile organic gas concentrations were recorded. H2S producing capacity of subjects was quantified by applying cysteine challenge test. Candida samples were taken from the mouths of the patients with and without halitosis, and Candida albicans isolates were inoculated into broth medium. After 3 days of incubation at 37 degrees C, gas concentrations of the headspace of the flasks were read by a portable multigas detector. The rate of Candida positivity was 44.9% in the study group while it was 46.3% in the control group. There was no statistical significant difference between the groups according to the Candida growth (p=0.561). The oral gas concentrations were comparable in both groups (p<0.05). Oral H2S concentration increased 9.65 fold with 20 mM cysteine rinse in patients with halitosis while it was increased 5.8 fold in controls. Self assesment for halitosis were well correlated with clinical signs (p=0.001, r=0.8). Concentrations of hidrogen and organic gases were found to be increased in all Candida culture media. In this study, no relationship between the presence of Candida and oral halitosis was detected. As a result, there is no need for diets similar to Candida diet in the treatment of halitosis. On the other hand, cysteine challenge can be a useful diagnostic tool. In addition, portable gas detectors can be used as a convenient and practical halitometer to quantify halitosis.
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    Structural changes in periodontium of rats exposed to a low concentration of hydrogen sulfide for 50 days
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2016) Yeler, Defne Yalcin; Hocaoglu, Turgay; Koraltan, Melike; Aydin, Murat; Gul, Mehmet; Gul, Semir
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of H2S inhalation at a low concentration (at human equivalent dose of pathologic halitosis) on rat periodontium over a long term (50 days). The threshold level of pathologic halitosis perceived by humans at 250 ppb of H2S was converted to rat equivalent concentration (4.15 ppm). Rats in the experimental (H2S) group (n = 8) were exposed to H2S continuously but not the control rats (n = 8). After 50 days, periodontal tissue samples were taken from the mandibular first molar region and examined histopathologically to determine inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI), osteoblastic activities, number of osteoclasts, and resorption lacunae. Sulcular epithelium layer destruction was observed in the H2S group. Frequency of ICI was significantly higher in the H2S group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The number of osteoclasts were found significantly higher in the H2S group (34.28 +/- 3.28) compared to the control group (8.85 +/- 1.85) (P < 0.05) and the number of resorption lacunae were also higher in the cementum tissue (6.1 +/- 2.4) and alveolar bone (3.8 +/- 1.5) versus their corresponding control groups (1.6 +/- 0.5 and 1.4 +/- 0.5, respectively) (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to osteoblastic activity. H2S inhalation induces inflammatory changes in the periodontium as well as resorption of the alveolar bone and cementum tissue in rats. These histopathologic changes in periodontal tissues support the idea that long-term H2S inhalation may have a destructive effect on periodontal tissues.
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    Systemic effects of H2S inhalation at human equivalent dose of pathologic halitosis on rats
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2017) Yeler, Defne Yalcin; Aydin, Murat; Gul, Mehmet; Hocaoglu, Turgay; Ozdemir, Hakan; Koraltan, Melike
    Objectives: Halitosis is composed by hundreds of toxic gases. It is still not clear whether halitosis gases self-inhaled by halitosis patients cause side effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of H2S inhalation at a low concentration (human equivalent dose of pathologic halitosis) on rats. Materials and methods: The threshold level of pathologic halitosis perceived by humans at 250ppb of H2S was converted to rat equivalent concentration (4.15ppm). In the experimental group, 8 rats were exposed to H2S via continuous inhalation but not the control rats. After 50 days, blood parameters were measured and tissue samples were obtained from the brain, kidney and liver and examined histopathologically to determine any systemic effect. Results: While aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase levels were found to be significantly elevated, carbondioxide and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in experimental rats. Other blood parameters were not changed significantly. Experimental rats lost weight and became anxious.Histopathological examination showed mononuclear inflammatory cell invasion in the portal areas, nuclear glycogen vacuoles in the parenchymal area, single-cell necrosis in a few foci, clear expansion in the central hepatic vein and sinusoids, hyperplasia in Kupffer cells and potential fibrous tissue expansion in the portal areas in the experimental rats. However, no considerable histologic damage was observed in the brain and kidney specimens. Conclusions: It can be concluded that H2S inhalation equivalent to pathologic halitosis producing level in humans may lead to systemic effects, particularly heart or liver damage in rats.
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    Ultrastructural changes in epithelial cells of rats exposed to low concentration of hydrogen sulfide for 50 days
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2016) Yeler, Defne Yalcin; Aydin, Murat; Hocaoglu, Peyami Turgay; Koraltan, Melike; Ozdemir, Hakan; Kotil, Tugba; Gul, Mehmet
    Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) appear mainly in the oral air of patients with halitosis. It seems that VSCs are directly involved in the pathogenesis of gingival diseases. In previous studies, short-term (7 hours-4 days), high concentrations (5-400 ppm) of H2S applications on periodontal tissues have been evaluated in a culture medium. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of lower (equivalent to halitosis) concentrations of H2S on rat gingival tissue for longer-term inhalation. The threshold level of pathologic halitosis perceived by humans at 250 ppb of H2S was converted to rat equivalent concentration (4.15 ppm). Rats in the experimental (H2S) group (n=8) were exposed to H2S continuously but not the control rats (n=8). After 50 days, the gingival sulcular tissue samples of each rat were taken and examined using transmission electron microscope. Ultrastructural changes in the sulcular epithelia of the rat gingiva showed deformation of celullar shape, vacuolization, and disintegrity of intercelullar connection by loss of desmosomes and collagen fibrils. No basal membrane damage was observed. Inhalation of low levels of H2S (equivalent of halitosis) in the oral environment causes ultrastructural celullar damages in rat sulcular mucosa. These results suggest that halitosis may be the potential reason for periodontal destruction in humans.