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    Effect of carnosine on ovarian follicle in rats exposed to electromagnetic field
    (Soc Anatomica Espanola, 2022) Arslan, Ayla; Balcioglu, Esra; Nisari, Mehtap; Yalcin, Betul; Ulger, Menekse; Guler, Emel; Uzun, Gokce Bagci
    The electromagnetic field (EMF) has an effect on various organs, including the female reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of carnosine on ovarian follicle number and diameter in rats exposed to a 900 Megahertz (Mhz) electromagnetic field. In this study, six different groups were used. 40 female rats divided into groups were evaluated. The ovaries of the rats were removed at the end of the study. Routine histological procedures were performed on ovarian tissues. Follicle number and diameter of all groups were calculated and evaluated under the light microscope. When primary follicle number and diameters were compared statistically among the groups, there was a remarkably meaningful difference between the EMF group and the control, 20 mg carnosine and EMF+20 mg carnosine groups (p<0.05). There were significant irregularities in the structure of the oocyte and the granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte, especially in the EMF-treated groups. However, the structure of the oocyte and the granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte in the EMF+20 mg carnosine group showed a more regular structure compared to the EMF group. In this study, it can be concluded that the number and diameter of ovarian follicles decreased in rats exposed to electromagnetic field and 20 mg of carnosine may prevent damage caused by EMF.
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    The effect of erythropoietin and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells on nerve regeneration in rats with sciatic nerve injury
    (Elsevier, 2021) Ulger, Menekse; Sezer, Gulay; Ozyazgan, Irfan; Ozocak, Hakan; Yay, Arzu; Balcioglu, Esra; Yalcin, Betul
    Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and erythropoietin on nerve regeneration in the sciatic nerve 'crush injury' in a rat model. Methods: Experimental animals were randomly divided into 5 groups: Crush Injury, Sham, Crush Injury + Erythropoietin, Crush Injury + Mesenchymal Stem Cell, Crush Injury + Erythropoietin + Mesenchymal Stem Cell groups. Crush injury made with bulldog clamp. Mesencyhmal stem cells delivered by enjection locally. Erythropoietin administered by intraperitoneally. On the 0th, 14th and 28th days, all groups underwent a sciatic functional index test. On 28th day, sciatic nerves were harvested and histopathological appearance, axon number and axon diameter of the sciatic nerves were evaluated with Oil Red O staining. Immunoreactivity of nerve growth factor, neurofilament-H and caspase-3 were determined by immunofluorescence staining in nerve tissue. Results: In histopathological examination, axons and nerve bundles exhibiting normal nerve architecture in the Sham group. Crush Injury + Mesenchymal Stem Cell group has similar histological appearance to the Sham group. The number of axons were higher in the Mesenchymal Stem Cell groups compared to the Crush Injury group. Nerve growth factor immunoreactivity intensity was significantly lower in Crush Injury + Mesenchymal Stem Cell group compared to Crush Injury group. Neurofilament-H density was higher in the treatment groups when compared to the Crush Injury group. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and erythropoietin treatments effects positively regeneration of crush injury caused by bulldog clamp in the sciatic nerve of rats.