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Öğe Construction of novel BiOI/CuInS2/ZnO dual S-scheme charge transfer pathway for efficient antibiotic degradation(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Banyal, Rahul; Sudhaik, Anita; Kumar, Rohit; Raizada, Pankaj; Ahamad, Tansir; Kaya, Savas; Maslov, Mikhail M.The present work explored the photocatalytic activity of BiOI-CuInS2-ZnO ternary heterojunction for the photodegradation of the tetracycline (TCl). The bare photocatalysts were prepared via hydrothermal method while the ternary heterojunction was synthesized using simple physical mixing route. The ternary heterojunction of BiOI, CuInS2 and ZnO followed the S-scheme charge transfer pathway exhibiting superior photodegradation ability compared to other synthesized photocatalysts. The attained degradation efficiency of BiOI-CuInS2-ZnO Sscheme ternary heterojunction was 96.75 % within 90 min of light illumination which was much higher than other photocatalysts. Electron spin resonance (ESR) investigations and scavenging experiment indicated that O-center dot(2)-, and (OH)-O-center dot radicals plays an important role in photodegradation of TCl. Furthermore, the structural analysis of synthesized bare photocatalysts was also done via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results showed that after the formation of S-scheme heterojunction, the ternary heterojunction showed lower recombination rate (validated via PL analysis) with boosted charge carriers separation rate (confirmed through EIS and TPR analysis) and light absorption ability. This had led to upgradation in photodegradation efficiency of ternary BiOI-CuInS2-ZnO photocatalyst. The reusability test of the photocatalysts confirmed excellent stability of ternary photocatalysts with 90.25 % degradation rate up to five catalytic cycles.Öğe Dual S-scheme-based ternary BiOCl/CuInS2/WO3 heterojunction for Victoria blue photodegradation(Elsevier, 2024) Banyal, Rahul; Sudhaik, Anita; Soni, Vatika; Kumar, Rohit; Sonu, Sonu; Raizada, Pankaj; Ahamad, TansirPhotocatalysis has great potential for transforming sustainable solar energy into chemical energy, offering significant benefits for environmental applications. However, the rapid charge carrier recombination in pristine semiconductors is a big challenge. S-scheme heterojunction strategy is one of the effective strategies to overcome this challenge. The present work explored the photodegradation ability of the BiOCl-CuInS2-WO3 heterojunction against Victoria blue (VIB) dye. The pristine photocatalysts (i.e. BiOCl, CuInS2, WO3) were fabricated hydrothermally, however the BiOCl-CuInS2-WO3 ternary photocatalyst was constructed via a facile physical mixing. The BiOCl-CuInS2-WO3 ternary photocatalyst followed dual S-scheme charge migration route as per the band alignments which lead to upgraded photodegradation ability in comparison to other pristine photocatalysts. The S-Scheme heterojunction formation offered enhanced charge separation and the separated charge carriers carry out degradation process in presence of light. The photodegradation rate of BiOCl-CuInS2-WO3 dual S-scheme heterojunction was 99.24 % after 90 min, that was superior than other photocatalysts. Similarly, via ESR studies and scavenging experiments, the significant role of O-center dot(2)-, and (OH)-O-center dot radicals was determined in the degradation of VIB. Also, the S-scheme heterojunction resulted in extended light absorption ability with reduced recombination rate (verified by PL analysis) and higher separation rate of photocarriers (confirmed by EIS and TPR analysis) in ternary heterojunction. This resulted in improved photodegradation effectiveness of the ternary BiOCl-CuInS2-WO3 photocatalyst. The stability of the formed heterojunction was verified via reusability tests which displayed 90.25 % degradation efficiency after 5 successive catalytic cycles.