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    Double?decker lutetium and europium phthalocyanine composites with reduced graphene oxide as supercapacitor electrode materials
    (Elsevier B.V., 2022) Yabaş, Ebru; Biçer, Emre; Durukan, Mete Batuhan; Keskin, Deniz; Unalan, Husnu Emrah
    Double?decker phthalocyanines were synthesized by a classical method with phthalonitrile and lanthanide metal salts, europium and lutetium acetate. Non-covalent double-decker phthalocyanine-reduced graphene oxide (MPc2/rGO) composites were then prepared by simple sonication method. All the phthalocyanines were peripheral tetrasubstituted 5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole. Following spectroscopic and morphological characterisation, fabricated composites were subjected to detailed electrochemical analysis. EuPc2/rGO and LuPc2/rGO composite electrodes showed specific capacitance values of 115 F/g and 86 F/g, respectively. Coulombic efficiency values for those materials were determined as 85% and 74%, respectively, at a significant current density of 5 A/g. Following 5000 cycles, EuPc2/rGO and LuPc2/rGO electrodes retained 93% and 99% of their initial capacitance, respectively. These results demonstrated the significant electrochemical performance of double-decker phthalocyanines and can be certainly extended to other metal salts or other composite formers with double-decker phthalocyanines. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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    Novel reduced graphene oxide/zinc phthalocyanine and re duce d graphene oxide/cobalt phthalocyanine hybrids as high sensitivity room temperature volatile organic compound gas sensors
    (2023) Yabaş, Ebru; Biçer, Emre; Altındal, Ahmet
    In this work, novel 4-pyridynyl-oxadiazole tetrasubstituted zinc and cobalt phthalocyanine compounds were synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, Fluorescence spectroscopy, and SEM. Then these com- pounds were mixed with reduced graphene oxide. As a result of the interaction of these newly syn- thesized phthalocyanines with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), rGO/ZnPc and rGO/CoPc hybrids were ob- tained. The measurement results confirm that the prepared non-covalent rGO/ZnPc and rGO/CoPc hybrid structures are formed by strong π–πinteraction. A comparative study of the sensor response of rGO and non-covalently functionalized with zinc and cobalt phthalocyanines (rGO/ZnPc, and rGO/CoPc) hybrids to five different volatile organic compound vapors, ammonia, acetone, ethanol, methanol and butanol is car- ried out. The response of the sensors increases with respect to ammonia concentrations ranging from 30 to 210 ppm. The response time for 120 ppm ammonia vapor were approximately 250s, 230s and 190s for rGO, rGO/ZnPc, and rGO/CoPc based sensors, respectively. Also, we have conducted selectivity exper- iments with the aformentioned vapors, thus, studies have indicated that functionalization of rGO with ZnPc results in a 43-fold improvement in sensor response towards ammonia vapors.