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    The contribution of Anatolia to European phylogeography: the centre of origin of the meadow grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus
    (WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2014) Korkmaz, E. Mahir; Lunt, David H.; Ciplak, Battal; Degerli, Naci; Basibuyuk, Hasan H.
    Aim Chorthippus parallelus is one of the classic model systems for studying genetic structure and phylogeography in the Western Palaearctic. Here, we investigate the regional genetic differentiation of C. parallelus and evaluate the historical and evolutionary processes responsible for such genetic structuring, test the nature of the Turkish Straits system as a barrier to dispersal, and explore the contribution of Anatolian populations to the biodiversity of the Western Palaearctic. Location Western Palaearctic. Methods We incorporated sequence data from dense sampling of the phylogeographically important Anatolian region with both previous and newly obtained data of the nuclear fragment cpnl-1 and the mitochondrial fragment COI-tRNALeu-COII. In total, 1049 sequences of cpnl-1 from 33 regions were analysed to investigate the genetic diversity, genetic structuring and phylogeography of C. parallelus across its distributional range. The mtDNA region was additionally used to test whether the Turkish Straits system acts as a barrier. Results The analyses revealed that not all southern refugial populations of C. parallelus have contributed equally to the post-glacial recolonization of Europe. Four genetic clusters across the species' range were recovered: cluster A (eastern part of the Anatolian Diagonal); cluster B (western part of the Anatolian Diagonal); cluster C (Spain, Italy, southern Balkans, west part of Anatolia and Russia); and cluster D (covering the entire distributional range of the species). The Turkish Straits system has been a weak barrier to dispersal by C. parallelus, allowing gene flow from Anatolia to the Balkans. Main conclusions The current patterns of genetic structuring of C. parallelus were best explained by multiple expansion and contraction events. Anatolia has been well connected to the Balkans, contributing genetically to the establishment of central and northern European populations prior to the Holocene. The Anatolian refugium is suggested to be the centre of origin for Western Palaearctic C. parallelus diversity rather than a Balkan refugium.
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    Mitochondrial genome of Poecilimon cretensis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae): Strong phylogenetic signals in gene overlapping regions
    (Magnolia Press, 2023) Karakas, Muserref Y.; Yahyaoglu, Ozgul; Uluar, Onur; Budak, Mahir; Ciplak, Battal
    We report the complete mitochondrial genome of the Cretan bush cricket Poecilimon cretensis. The mitogenome consists of 13 protein-coding regions, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and one control region. The length of mitogenome in P. cretensis varies between15477 and 15631 bp, mainly due to variability in control region. The start and stop codons of protein coding genes exhibit the general pattern in Phaneropterinae. Phylogenetic tree constructed with the mitogenome obtained during this study and 12 mitogenomes of Phaneropterinae downloaded from GenBank, placed P. cretensis in Barbitistini as sister group to Poecilimon luschani. Data indicate that the gene overlapping pattern exhibit strong phylogenetic signals.
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    Psorodonotus venosus group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae; Tettigoniinae): geometric morphometry revealed two new species in the group
    (MAGNOLIA PRESS, 2013) Kaya, Sarp; Korkmaz, E. Mahir; Ciplak, Battal
    Psorodonotus (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) includes 11 species distributed in Caucasus, Anatolia and Balkans. Although its present taxonomy is problematic, mainly three species groups can be distinguished; (i) The Specularis Group, (ii) The Caucasicus Group and (iii) The Venosus Group. Our recent studies on the genus have revealed presence of two new species in the last species group. Morphology of the species group studied both qualitatively and quantitatively using linear metric data of pronotum, tegmina and hind femur, and geometric data of male cerci and ovipositor. Morphological data were accompanied by data obtained from male calling song. Morphological and song data were produced from six different populations from North and Eastern part of Turkey: (1) Hakkari, (2) Tendurek, (3) Giresun, (4) Artvin, (5) Kars and (6) Agri. Qualitative and quantitative morphology, either linear-metric or geometric, suggest last three population as members of the same unit, but each of other three as different units. Song data are also largely in support of the morphological results. Necessary illustrations were provided to document results visually. Following conclusions were made: (1) the Artvin, Kars and Agri populations represent typical P. venosus and the Giresun population P. rugulosus, (2) each of the Hakkari and Tendurek populations represents a new species and P. hakkari sp. n. and P. tendurek sp. n. described by comparing with other members of P. venosus group, (3) P. rugulosus, P. hakkari sp. n. and P. tendurek sp. n. differ from P. venosus mainly by the longer cerci (extend to or beyond end of abdomen) and indistinct tubercles on surface of pronotal disc in female. P. rugulosus and P. tendurek sp. n. are also similar by sharing presence of two loud elements in a syllable (one in P. venosus, song of P. hakkari sp. n. is not available). But, similarities in phenotype are in conflict with relationships suggested by genetic data.