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    Development and evaluation of an antigen targeting lateral flow test for Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever
    (Elsevier, 2024) Thompson, Caitlin R.; Bozkurt, Ilkay; Cosgun, Yasemin; Blundell, Patricia; Duvoix, Annelyse; Johnson, Michael; Hedef, Hakan
    Background Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a viral haemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate of 5-25% that has been prioritised for research and development by the World Health Organisation. There are no CCHF rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) commercially available. We describe the development and evaluation of an antigentargeting lateral flow immunoassay RDT for CCHF. Methods Prospective clinical samples were collected and tested between July and October 2023 in Turkiye. Retrospective stored samples were obtained from the Central Public Health Laboratory, Baghdad, Iraq. The sensitivity and specificity of the CCHF RDT was compared to reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. Findings On prospective clinical samples in Turkiye, the sensitivity and specificity of the CCHF RDT was 90.4% [95% CI 81.5-95.3%] (n = 73) and 96.2% [95% CI 87.0-99.3%] (n = 52), respectively with a sensitivity of 92.9% [95% CI 84.3-96.9%] (n = 70) in samples with a cycle threshold (Ct) =30. On retrospective stored samples in Iraq, sensitivity and specificity of the RDT was 71.7% [95% CI 59.2-81.5%] (n = 60) and 92.5% [95% CI 80.1-97.8%] (n = 40), respectively with a sensitivity of 82.2% [95% CI 68.7-90.7%] (n = 45) in samples of Ct =30. Interpretation The CCHF RDT was an effective rapid diagnostic test in this preliminary clinical evaluation, showing this RDT has the potential diagnostic capability for use at the point-of-care. Definitive evaluation is now required to ensure the RDT meets the regulatory requirements for commercialisation.
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    Identification of potential microRNA markers related to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever disease
    (Wiley, 2019) Arslan, Serdal; Engin, Aynur; Aydemir, Eylem Itir; Sahin, Nil Ozbilum; Bayyurt, Burcu; Sari, Ismail; Cosgun, Yasemin
    Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the arbovirus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). The CCHFV has a single-stranded RNA genome of negative sense. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in virus-host interactions and viral pathogenesis. We investigated the miRNA gene expression profiles in patients with CCHF using microarray for the first time in the world. Microarray analysis was performed using mirBase Ver 21 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). All statistical analyses were performed across the case-control, fatal-control, and fatal-nonfatal case groups using Genespring (Ver 3.0). Fifteen miRNAs were statistical significant in patients with CCHF compared with the controls (5 were upregulated, 10 were downregulated). Seventy-five and sixty-six miRNAs are in fatal compared with control and nonfatal case, respectively (fold change ([FC] >= 50) were statistically significant. In this study, the target genes of important miRNAs were identified and Gene Ontology analyses were performed across all groups. As a result of this study, we propose that the detection of miRNAs in patients with CCHF will allow the determination of therapeutic targets in diseases. CCHF is an important public health problem that can often be fatal. In this study, we investigated miRNA expression in case-control, fatal-control, and fatal-nonfatal case groups. Significant miRNAs associated with fatality were detected in CCHF. This study will serve as a source of data for the development of an antagomir-based therapy against CCHF using miRNAs in the future.
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    The Relationship Between Mean Platelet Volume Levels and the Inflammation in Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis
    (NATL MED ASSOC, 2010) Topal, Firdevs; Karaman, Kerem; Akbulut, Sabiye; Dincer, Nazmiye; Dolek, Yasemin; Cosgun, Yasemin; Yonem, Ozlem
    Helicobacter pylori is a cause of chronic gastritis. Mean platelet volume (MPV) has been started to be used as a simple inflammatory indicator in some diseases. We have aimed especially to investigate the usability of MPV as a simple indicator that may reflect severity of inflammation in gastric mucosa. Included in the study were a total of 114 patients who visited the outpatient clinic of gastroenterology with complaint of dyspepsia. Blood MPV levels in hemogram results were evaluated. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed on patients included in the study, and histological analysis was performed by obtaining 2 specimens from each of antrum, corpus, and incisura angularis. All specimens were evaluated according to the updated Sydney System. No statistically significant result was found among blood MPV levels, the intensity of H pylori, and the severity of inflammation of gastric mucosa. However, it is interesting that mean MPV levels in cases with lymphoid follicle were lower. We suggest that MPV level cannot be used as a simple marker to reflect H pylori intensity and severity of inflammation in gastric endoscopic biopsies.