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Öğe Comparison of methods investigating Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp. in stool samples of patients with diarrhea(Egyptian Parasitologists United Soc - Epu, 2023) Kafa, Ayse Huemeyra Taskin; Cubuk, Fatih; Aslan, Rukiye; Hasbek, MursitBackground: Intestinal protozoan infections (IPIs), common all over the world, are an important public health problem, especially in developing countries. Different diagnostic methods are used for the diagnosis of causative agents in diarrhea cases. Objective: This study aims to analyze results of direct microscopy, coproantigen detection test, and PCR technique in diagnosis of G. intestinalis, E. histolytica/dispar, and Cryptosporidium spp. in stool samples of patients with diarrhea. Subjects and Methods: Fresh stool samples were collected from 683 patients complaining of diarrhea, and simultaneously examined by direct microscopy, commercial rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for detection of coproantigens, and molecularly using PCR technique. Results: The overall detection rate of parasites was 3.7% by direct microscopy, 6.6% by RDTs and 2% by PCR technique. Moderate, and weak fits were recorded between direct microscopy and RDTs results (Kappa=0.46, P<0.001), and between direct microscopy and PCR technique results (Kappa=0.236, P<0.001), respectively. No fit (Kappa=0.108, P=0.001) was recorded between coproantigen detection test and PCR technique results. Conclusion: It was concluded that direct microscopy and RDTs will be the correct approach in the first instance in the suspicion of IPIs. Despite high cost of PCR technique, it should be considered in differentiation between pathogenic and non-pathogenic amoeba, and genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp.Öğe Distribution of Microorganisms Isolated from Blood Cultures and Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Rates in Patients Diagnosed with Cancer(Erciyes Univ Sch Medicine, 2023) Kafa, Ayse Humeyra Taskin; Cubuk, Fatih; Hasbek, Mursit; Aslan, Rukiye; Cubuk, ZeynepObjective: Cancer patients are a high-risk population for infections caused by various bacterial agents. Specifically, bloodstream infections (BSIs) can lead to severe complications and even mortality in cancer patients. This study aimed to identify the predominant bacterial species causing bacteremia and assess the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among cancer patients receiving treatment at our hospital. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on data from cancer patients diagnosed between January 2020 and June. The microorganisms isolated from blood cultures of cancer patients were identified using the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) Biotyper Microflex LT device. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the bacteria were examined using the BD Phoenix 100. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 program. Results: The study included a total of 158 bacterial isolates grown from blood cultures of 133 patients across different populations. Gram-positive bacteria were detected in 54.4% (86) of the isolates, while gram-negative bacteria were found in 40.5% (64) of the isolates. The extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positivity rate was 41.2% (14/34) in Escherichia coli isolates and 25% (3/12) in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was identified in only one bacterial strain. Nine (26.5%) E. coli isolates and three (25%) K. pneumoniae isolates were determined to be multi-drug resistant (MDR). Conclusion: BSIs remain a significant health issue in cancer patients. Analyzing MDR isolates and resistance profiles through routine bacterial surveillance in cancer patients can provide guidance for antimicrobial therapy. Furthermore, regularly sharing the obtained data can enhance treatment success.Öğe Distribution of Urinary System Infection Agents in Children and Evaluation of Their Susceptibility to Antibiotics(Galenos Publ House, 2024) Kafa, Ayse Huemeyra Taskin; Cubuk, Fatih; Akbulut, Resul Ekrem; Hasbek, Muersit; Tastanoglu, HueseyinIntroduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the common bacterial infections in pediatric patients. These infections are more common in girls over one year old. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial distribution and drug resistance status in urine cultures of pediatric patients in our center. Materials and Methods: Urine culture results of patients who were presented to the outpatient clinics or were admitted to the Sivas Cumhuriyet University hospital between January 2017 and December 2022 were included in the study. The hospital automation system, patient files, and laboratory information management system were examined retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 software. A P -value of <0.05 was deemed significant. Results: Significant growth was observed in the urine cultures of a total of 1287 pediatric patients, 889 (69.1%) girls and 398 boys (30.9%). The patients included in the study were between the ages of 0-17, and children aged 1-6 (37.6%) were diagnosed with UTI more frequently than other ages. The most common UTI agent in the pediatric age group was Escherichia coli (56.6%). The first agent isolated in girls and boys is E.coli . Additionally, the prevalence of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and K. oxytoca bacteria was higher in boys (p < 0.05). E. coli isolates showed minimal resistance to such as amikacin (0.6%), fosfomycin (1.0%), nitrofurantoin (1.4%), ertapenem (2.4%), imipenem (0.7%) and meropenem (0.9%). Conclusion: In this study, low resistance levels were detected for amikacin, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and carbapenem group antibiotics, which are important alternatives in the empirical treatment of UTI. On the other hand, due to the high resistance levels detected, it is thought that more caution should be exercised in the empirical use of amoxicillin-clavulanate, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and cefixime. If these antibiotics are to be preferred, waiting for the antibiogram results is an appropriate approach.Öğe Evaluation of Distribution of Microorganisms Isolated from Joint Fluid Cultures and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococci Isolated from These Cultures(Doc Design Informatics Co Ltd, 2022) Hasbek, Mursit; Cubuk, FatihObjective: The isolation of microorganisms in joint fluid samples is one of the most important laboratory findings guiding the treatment. Knowing the distribution of the isolated microorganisms allows for the correct empirical ap-proach to treatment. The frequency of MRSA isolation from joint fluid cultures is increasing, and MRSA infections are increasing in importance among infectious arthritis cases. This study aimed to determine the distribution of microorgan-isms that grew in joint fluid cultures and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of staphylococci grown in these cultures. Methods: Our study is retrospective and planned to cover the years between 2015 and 2019. Of the synovial fluid samples sent to the Microbiology Laboratory, 103 samples with growth in culture were included in the study. Bacte-ria isolated from the samples were identified with the MALDI-TOF MS device and were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility in the automated system. Results: Samples of 103 patients were included in the study. While 19 of the patients included in the evaluation had a history of joint replacement, 84 patients had natural joint involvement. Generally, S. aureus ranked first in both group samples (41.7% and 42.2%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci and streptococci came second and third, respectively. Gram-negative bacilli were in fourth place (10.8%) in samples belonging to natural joints. In comparison, only one growth (5.3%) was detected in samples of patients with a prosthetic history. However, no statistically significant dif-ference was found between the natural joint and prosthesis in terms of pathogen distribution (p> 0.05). All MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, daptomycin, and tigecycline. No MRCNS isolate was resistant to vancomycin, tigecycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: We think that our study will contribute to the literature on the distribution of infectious arthritis agents, the evaluation of antimicrobial resistance profiles of these agents, and empirical antimicrobial selection.Öğe Evaluation of Imported Malaria Cases Detected in Sivas Province(Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi, 2024) Buyuktuna, Seyit Ali; Yesildag, Suemeyye Kara; Cubuk, Fatih; Elaldi, Nazif; Bakir, MehmetIntroduction: Malaria is an infectious disease that often presents with symptoms of fever, anemia, and splenomegaly and can result in mortality if left untreated. In this study, we aimed to examine the epidemiological characteristics, clinical findings, and prognosis of cases diagnosed with and treated for malaria in our center. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between May 2013 and September 2021 at the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Clinic of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital. The study included 23 adult patients aged 18 and above who were diagnosed, followed up, and treated for malaria. The diagnosis was made by detecting the parasite in thick and thin blood smears taken during the febrile period of the patients. Information about the patients was obtained by reviewing their medical records and dis- charge summaries in the hospital database. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study group was 34 +/- 11 years (range= 18-51 years), and all except one were male. Six of the imported malaria cases were African students, and 16 were Turkish citizens who went to work in African countries. The only female patient in the study group had a history of a tourist trip. Upon examining the distribution of patients based on the geographic regions they originated from, Nigeria was identified as the most frequent origin (n= 6). P. falciparum (n= 18, 78%) was the most commonly detected pathogen. The most common symptoms observed in patients were fever accompanied by chills and shivering, myalgia/joint pain, and headache. Twelve patients had a history of previous malaria infection and treatment. It was found that none of the patients used prophylaxis. All patients were treated with artemisinin derivatives. Artesunate therapy was administered to two patients with a severe clinical course before oral treatment. Two of our patients required intensive care during follow-up. There was no mortality in any of our patients. Conclusion: As a result of the serious and successful implementation of malaria control programs, the World Health Organization reported in its 2011 malaria report that malaria had been eliminated in T & uuml;rkiye. The cases detected in our country are of foreign origin. To prevent these cases, preventive measures including prophylaxis should be increased, especially for work or tourist trips to regions where the disease is endemic.Öğe Evaluation of the Usability of a Rapid Antigen Test for the Diagnosis of COVID-19 Disease in Comparison with the Molecular Method(Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi, 2022) Cubuk, Fatih; Kafa, Ayse Humeyra Taskin; Baykus, Hatice Seyma; Hasbek, MursitIntroduction: Rapid testing of patients with suspected COVID-19 disease is critical so that those infected can self-isolate and reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 spreading to the community. Our study aimed to assess the usability of a rapid antigen test kit for the diagnosis of COVID-19 by comparing it with the molecular method. Materials andMethods: Our study was planned retrospectively between 14 March and 14 August 2022. COVID-19 rapid antigen test and COVID-19 RT qPCR test results of patients who applied to our hospital with complaints compatible with COVID-19 disease during this period were included in the study.Results: A total of 268 patients were included in the study. According to the PCR test, the sensitivity was 92.6%, the specificity was 96.5%, and the accuracy was 95.1% for the rapid antigen test. Seven (2.6%) samples were identified as positive by the PCR test but negative by the rapid antigen test. The mean Ct value of these samples was detected as 26.38. According to the PCR test, the rapid antigen test positivity rate was 100% for 78 samples with a Ct value of <22, and the rapid antigen test was negative for two samples with a Ct value of >30.Conclusion: COVID-19 rapid antigen test kits can be utilized to rapidly detect and isolate symptomatic individuals, particularly during periods when there is a high number of cases. However, the sensitivity of the rapid antigen test is affected by the viral load of the sample. With rapid antigen test kits, there is a possibility of obtaining false negative results in samples with high Ct values or low viral loads. Therefore, we believe it would be beneficial to evaluate symptomatic individuals with negative rapid antigen test results using PCR.Öğe Hidden threats: Brucellosis diagnosis and co-infection patterns in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever suspects(Elsevier Science Inc, 2025) Oz, Murtaza; Cubuk, Fatih; Kiymaz, Yasemin cakir; Oksuz, Caner; Hasbek, Mursit; Buyuktuna, Seyit Ali; Elaldi, NazifPurpose: This study aims to investigate the frequency of brucellosis in patients with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). Method: In this study, 1231 patients were evaluated retrospectively, including 14 patients with CCHF and brucellosis coinfection and 25 patients with brucellosis alone. Statistical methods such as the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test were used. Result: Of the patients with a preliminary diagnosis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), 3.2% were found to have brucellosis. In the group co-infected with brucellosis and CCHF, the time to hospital admission was shorter. Additionally, tick exposure and headache were observed more frequently in this group. Creatine kinase levels were found to be higher in the co-infected group, while lymphocyte counts and fibrinogen levels were lower compared to the group with brucellosis alone. Conclusion: Our study revealed a 3.2% rate of brucellosis in patients with a preliminary diagnosis of CCHF. Due to the similarity of symptoms and common risk factors, the differential diagnosis of brucellosis should be considered in patients diagnosed with CCHF. Additionally, the possibility of brucellosis coexisting with CCHF should always be considered. Even in patients diagnosed with CCHF, an evaluation for brucellosis must be conducted.Öğe The Seroprevalence Trend of Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Turkish Tertiary Hospital: A 4-year Retrospective Study(Galenos Publ House, 2023) Cubuk, Fatih; Kafa, Ayse Humeyra Taskin; Hasbek, Mursit; Aslan, Rukiye; Celik, CemObjective: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium that is associated with diseases such as peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, gastric MALT lymphoma, and gastric cancer. H. pylori infection is more common in developing countries. The high socioeconomic conditions and elimination of bacterial carriage by antimicrobial treatment reduce the prevalence of H. pylori in developed countries. The fecal H. pylori antigen test has been widely used recently. This test with high sensitivity and specificity constitutes a significant diagnostic method alternative due to its cost-effectiveness and rapid results. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the presence of H. pylori antigen in the stool samples of patients with gastroduodenal complaints from laboratory records. Methods: Test results of patients who underwent H. pylori antigen rapid cassette test from fresh fecal samples between January 2018 and May 2022 in the Medical Microbiology Laboratory were included in the study. Fresh fecal samples from patients were analyzed using H. pylori Antigen Rapid Test Cassette (Acro Biotech Inc, USA) kits. The statistical analysis of the research was made with IBM-SPSS 25.0 (IBM Co., USA). The chi-square test was used to evaluate the research data. P<0.05 value was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 5,718 patients, 3,285 (57.5%) women with gastroduodenal complaints, were included in the study. Fecal H. pylori antigen test positivity was determined in 1,429 (25%) of these patients. The antigen positivity rate was found to be higher in women (26.6%) compared to men (22.9%) (p<0.05). In addition, this rate was higher in adult patients (27.4%) than in pediatric patients (10.1%). In addition, this rate was higher in adult patients (27.4%) compared with pediatric patients (10.1%) (p<0.01). Conclusion: The regional prevalence data are informative about the development levels of countries in socioeconomic issues such as urbanization, infrastructure services, and access to clean water. In addition, these data may provide insight into the future prevalence of H. pylori-related diseases. We think that this study, in which the data of our region is shared, contributes to the literature.
