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    The Key to Mucosal Immunity: “M” Cells
    (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020) Dağdeviren, Tugba; Saraydın, Serpil Ünver
    Many of the lymphoid tissue in the body is found in the intestines. This is also where foreign antigens enter and exit the body. In our body, food pathogens, commensal intestinal flora and invasive pathogens can enter through the lumen of the digestive system, and there is a mucosal layer barrier created against these pathogens. This mucous layer is surrounded by mucous cells, microflora and immune cells. Mucosal barrier is the most important defense mechanism against factors with high immunological or pathogenic potential. M cells, which are immune system cells located within the mucosal epithelium, are one of the most important components of the mucosal barrier. T and B lymphocytes constantly interact with macrophages and other immune cells found in the intestinal. Intestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the largest lymphoid tissue in the human body and almost contains most of the immune system cells. Peyer plaques form the Galt structure. GALT, consisting of lymph follicles, produces antigen-specific IGA and secretes it onto the mucosal surface, producing an inductive and effector immune response. Peyer plaques are rich in carrying immune cells. The antigen taken by the M cell in Peyer plaques is delivered to antigen presenting cells such as dendritic or macrophage cells in the subepithelial dome region. M cells transport the particles, macro, micromolecules and microorganisms in the intestinal cavity through the intestinal epithelial barrier. It is known that M cells originate from Lgr5 positive stem cells in follicle-related epithelium and crypt epithelium. The most important feature of M cells is that it presents antigens to mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue located under the mucosa. Thus, they perform the first step of mucosal immunity by creating both a systemic and mucosal immune response. This review also provides information about the development, structural properties and functions of M cells.