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    Assessment of metal concentrations and physicochemical parameters in the waters of Lake Tecer
    (KASTAMONU UNIV, ORMAN FAK, 2018) Mutlu, Ekrem; Kutlu, Banu; Demir, Tugba; Yanik, Telat
    Aim of the study: The objectives of this study are to observe the monthly and annual changes in water samples using physical-chemical methods in order to determine the water quality properties, to reveal pollution problems, to determine the suitability of water quality for aquatic life and to classify the quality of water in accordance with the Surface Water Quality Management Regulation's Inland Surface Water Classes criteria. Area of the study: Lake Tecer is located in the southeastern area of Sivas city and at the end of Brook Tecer, a branch of the Kizilirmak. The lake has a mean depth of 2.4 m and is fed by surface waters and snowmelt. Material and methods: The study period was from March 2011 to February 2012. Samples analysed for several chemical and physical parameters representing water quality were collected monthly over a period of 12 months. Main results: It was observed that the condition of the lake in terms of water quality is good. According to the Classification of the Intra-Continental Water Resources in the WPCR, the lake shows Class I, II and III water quality characteristics. Research highlights: In order to protect the water quality of this water source, to reduce further pollution and to sustain the natural ecological balance consisting of natural fish stocks and other aquatic animals, this lake should be monitored continuously.
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    Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Capoeta tinca fish and health risk assessment
    (Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2024) Demir, Tugba; Mutlu, Ekrem; Gultepe, Necdet
    The This study evaluates the potential human health risks associated with five heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr) in Capoeta tinca fish. It assesses the heavy metal burden in the muscle, gill, and liver tissues of C. tinca, and estimates the potential health risks for consumers by employing estimated daily intake (EDI) and standard hazard ratios (THQ) related to heavy metal consumption. Fish and water samples were taken from three different Regions as Sincan Brook (Sivas-Hafik), Haber Brook (Sivas-Zara), and Tozanl & imath; Brook (Sivas-Hafik), Turkey. The heavy metal concentrations in the brook water were found to be higher than the established safe for safety threshold in all the sampling points. Besides that, the values were observed to be lower than the allowed limits. Considering the fish tissues, the Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations were found to be higher than the safe limits predicted by WHO. The findings indicate that the liver of C. tinca fish exhibited the highest accumulation of heavy metals across all sampling areas. The highest heavy metal concentrations found in fish muscles were found to be (Cu) 2.51 +/- 0.91 pgg (-1) , (Cr) 0.45 +/- 0.03 pgg (-1) , (Cd) 0.88 +/- 0.04 pgg( -1) , (Pb) 2.04 +/- 0.03 pgg (-1) , and (Zn) 13.12 +/- 1.08 pgg( -1) . The descending order of heavy metal accumulation in gills was found to be Zn > Cu >Pb > Cd > Cr. Moreover, for each heavy metal, the Bio-concentration factor (BCF) index, Acceptable Daily Intake, EDI, and THQ (<1) values were found to be lower than the limits set in the international standards, indicating that no elements posing a threat to public health were encountered, thus not posing a short-term risk.
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    Cherry stem phenolic compounds: Optimization of extraction conditions and in vitro evaluations of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities
    (Wiley, 2020) Demir, Tugba; Akpinar, Ozlem; Kara, Haki; Gungor, Huseyin
    The present study reported the optimization of extraction of phenolic and flavonoid compounds from the cherry stem and biological activities of the extract. The extraction parameters were optimized employing a response surface methodology, and they were determined as 79 degrees C, 35% (vol/vol) of ethanol percentage and 119 min. It was found that the extract obtained at the optimum conditions contained high amounts of sinapic acid and quercetin followed by caffeic and ferulic acid. It had a high antioxidant capacity and showed antimicrobial activities againstEscherichia coli,Enterococcus fecalis,Staphylococcus aureus,Aspergillus flavus,andAspergillus niger. The extract inhibited alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, lipoxygenase, and xanthine oxidase enzymes which indicated that the extract had antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. It also showed cytotoxic activities on the breast and bone cancer cells. The results showed that cherry stems might be potentially useful in food or nonfood applications and an important natural source for bioactive compounds. Practical applications The cherry stem extract showed the high antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. It displayed cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MG-63 cells. It can replace the chemical compounds in food and nonfood formulations to control the oxidative change and undesirable microbial activity and can reduce the blood glucose levels, inflammation and the risk of cancer, and it can meet the increasing consumer demand to the natural products.
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    A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF LEAD AND ZEOLITE ON SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF CARP FISH, Cyprinus Carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (Cyprinidae)
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2015) Mutlu, Ekrem; Demir, Tugba; Kutlu, Bann
    One of the pollutants leading to heavy metal pollution is the lead element. The studies on exposure of fish to lead have shown that this exposure leads to negative effects on body weight, and digestive enzymes and lipase. In humans, the symptoms of chronic lead toxicity are renal malfunction, anemia, brain and liver damage, cancer, hyperactivity, and general psychological impairment. For struggling with this heavy metal contamination, we have a useful tool named "Zeolite". Zeolites are used in many fields such as agriculture, metal industry, energy sector, manufacturing industry, water treatment, animal husbandry, struggling with environmental pollution, and etc. In this study, we utilized the biochemical parameters of carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) in order to reveal the effects of zeolite on fish health and production. The experiments were performed within 100 L glass aquariums with 85x40x30 dimensions. The study was planned for 3 different durations as 35 days, 90 days, and 120 days. The subjects were divided into 4 groups for each of experiment durations. The groups were named Pb(NO3)(2) group, Pb(NO3)(2) + Zeolite group, Zeolite group, and control group. At the end of each of the experiment period (on 35(th), 90(th), and 120(th) days), the fish in groups were weighed, and the average growth rates of each of the groups were calculated. The parameters used in blood analyses are glucose (GLU), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), creatinine (CR), total bilirubin (TBIL), uric acid ([JA), and direct bilirubin (DBlL).
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    DETERMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS IN SEREFIYE DAM-TURKEY
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2016) Mutlu, Ekrem; Demir, Tugba; Yanik, Telat; Sutan, Nicoleta Anca
    The objectives of this study were to observe the monthly and annual changes in water samples through physicochemical methods, to determine the water quality properties, to investigate the pollution problems, to determine the suitability level in terms of aquatic life, and to classify the water quality in accordance with the SWQMR criteria. This study was carried out through monthly sampling between April 2011 and March 2014 in 3 stations at Serefiye Dam, which is a "Class B" dam according to the RAMSAR criteria. The samples were immediately taken to the laboratories for analyses. Station 1 is at the entrance point of Egridere into the dam, 2nd point is at western side of the dam (Serefiye town), and the Station 3 is located at the center of the dam. The water quality in Serefiye dam, which is under protection within the scope of RAMSAR convention, was determined to be Class II according to SWQMR. In order to protect the water quality and to ensure the sustainability of aquatic life in this dam, it is required to make regular observations and to monitor the parameters affecting the water quality and aquatic life.
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    Determination of environmentally relevant water quality parameters in Serefiye Dam-Turkey
    (Parlar Scientific Publications, 2016) Mutlu, Ekrem; Demir, Tugba; Yanik, Telat; Sutan, Nicoleta Anca
    The objectives of this study were to observe the monthly and annual changes in water samples through physicochemical methods, to determine the water quality properties, to investigate the pollution problems, to determine the suitability level in terms of aquatic life, and to classify the water quality in accordance with the SWQMR criteria. This study was carried out through monthly sampling between April 2011 and March 2014 in 3 stations at Serefiye Dam, which is a "Class B" dam according to the RAMSAR criteria. The samples were immediately taken to the laboratories for analyses. Station 1 is at the entrance point of Egridere into the dam, 2nd point is at western side of the dam (Serefiye town), and the Station 3 is located at the center of the dam. The water quality in Serefiye dam, which is under protection within the scope of RAMSAR convention, was determined to be Class II according to SWQMR. In order to protect the water quality and to ensure the sustainability of aquatic life in this dam, it is required to make regular observations and to monitor the parameters affecting the water quality and aquatic life. © 2016 PSP.
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    Effect of Zeolite and Copper Sulfate, Administered Alone and in Combination on the Biochemical Components of Blood Serum of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio
    (ZOOLOGICAL SOC PAKISTAN, 2016) Mutlu, Ekrem; Aydm, Seyit; Demir, Tugba; Yanik, Telat
    Effects of zeolite have been described on the biochemical parameters of blood of Cyprinus carpio exposed to copper sulphate. The control fish showed 57.67% increase in body weight over a period of 90 days. This increase was 26.45% after exposure to copper sulphate (2mg/L) and 32.01% after Zeolite treatment (60 mg/L). When Zeolite was administered along with copper sulfate the fish showed 46.24% increase in body weight. Blood sampling were made for the determination of hematological values (glucose (GLU), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), creatinine (CR), total bilirubin (TBIL), uric acid (UA), and direct bilirubin (DBIL)) at 30, 60, 90 days. Fish weight increased 26.45%, 46.29%, 32.01% and 57.67% respectively in groups and differences between groups were significant (p<0.05). GLU, BUN, TP, ALB, GLB, CR, TBIL and UA yalues differed significantly among the groups (P<0.05). There were significant differences GLU, BUN, TP, ALB, GLB, CR, TBIL and UA values among the groups (P<0.05). TP value decreased, but GL, TBIL, UA and DBIL values of CuSO4 group increased significantly compared to control group (p<0.05). Therefore, it was suggested to use of clinoptilolite in rearing waters when there is a problem related to metals.