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Öğe Comparison of Analgesic Effects Induced by Different Strengths of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields(AVES PRESS LTD, 2018) Demirkazik, Ayse; Ozdemir, Ercan; Turkay, Yavuz; Pelit, Aykut; Kilinc, Olca; Taskiran, Ahmet Sevki; Arslan, GokhanObjective: Our aim was to compare the results of the most commonly used analgesic measurement techniques and to determine the time and intensity at which the analgesic effects of the magnetic field (MF) are most effective. Methods: This study compared the analgesic effect of MF strengths (1, 5, and 10 mT) in 30 adults, male Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g. The analgesic effects were measured using tail-flick (TF) and hot-plate (HP) tests. To determine the optimum MF strength, rats were assigned into four groups: sham group and exposed to 1, 5, and 10 mT MF groups. Rats were placed in a solenoid, and MF of 50 Hz for 165 min was administered daily for 15 days. All four groups were kept in the solenoid for 165 min/15 days and exposed to MF. However, the analgesic effect was measured only on day 0, 4, 7, 11, and 15 using TF and HP tests. The latencies of analgesia were converted to a percentage of maximal antinociceptive effects (% MPE). Results: When the maximum analgesic effect of the 5 mT MF was determined on the seventh day, the% MPEs were 5.37 +/- 0.51, 13.66 +/- 1.27, 25.89 +/- 3.00, and 25.37 +/- 2.41 in the sham, 1 mT, 5 mT, and 10 mT groups, respectively. The optimum effect was observed with 5 mT MF on the seventh day and with 90 min in the solenoid. Conclusion: We didn't find any differences between the analgesic responses to the TF and HP tests.Öğe Delayed habituation in Behcet's disease(NEUROL SOC INDIA, 2008) Gulturk, Sefa; Akyol, Melih; Kececi, Hulusi; Ozcelik, Sedat; Cinar, Ziynet; Demirkazik, AyseBackground: The autonomic nervous system in Behcet's patients may be affected due to various reasons. This entity may be detected with the measurement of the electrodermal activities, heart rate variability and pupillometric methods. Habituation is one of the implicit forms of learning and memory and the loss of habituation can reveal pathological changes in the synaptic regions. Aim: To determine whether there is a functional decrease in the synaptic effectiveness (habituation) of the pathways to sympathetic neurons that had been repeatedly activated in Behcet's. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients with Behcet's disease and 12 healthy controls were included in the study. Sympathetic skin potential (SSP) records were taken at normal room temperature in a quiet place within a Faraday cage. Sixteen square wave single shock impulses (duration: 1200 mu s, strength: 5 mA) were applied on each case. Results: After the 1(st) stimulus, the SSP amplitudes were lower in the patients compared to the controls (P 0.001, t value = 7.69). There was no significant differences among the SSP amplitudes after the 13(th) impulse in the patients (P>0.05). Whereas there was no significant differences among the SSP amplitudes after the 9(th) impulse in the controls (P>0.05). The habituation rate of the SSP after consecutive impulses was slowest in the patients compared to controls (P<0.001, t value = 12.39). Conclusions: There is a delayed habituation in Behcet's disease and that may due to pathologic changes with vasculitis through their peripheral nerves.Öğe Effect of carnitine on the swimming endurance time in rats(Aves, 2007) Guituk, Seth; Demirkazik, Ayse; Erdal, Sena; Demir, TuncerPurpose: Carnitine plays an important role in lipid metabolism by transporting long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. The effect of carnitine on exercise capacity is not clear. In this study, effect of carnitine on endurance time in swimming exercise was evaluated in rats. Material and Methods: Two groups were formed and a total of 20 Wistar albino male rats weighing 250-300 g were used in this study. Each rat of experiment group (n = 10) subcutaneous injection of carnitine at the dose of 100 mg/kg/day was made for 20 days, while placebo was given in control group (n = 10). Swimming tests was made in a square shaped glass water tank that was 50 centimeters in height, in width, in depth and filled to a depth of 40 centimeters with 25 +/- 1 degrees C water. The uncoordinated movements and staying under the water for 10 seconds without swimming at the surface were accepted as the exhaustion criteria of the rats. Results: In the rats of experiment group the endurance time increased significantly comparing with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This result suggests that carnitine may enhance the physical performance. Carnitine might generate that effect by induction of maximal oxygen intake and/or mitocondrial Ca++ sequestration.Öğe Effect of Exposure to 50 Hz Magnetic Field With or Without Insulin on Blood Brain Barrier Permeability in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats(WILEY, 2010) Gulturk, Sefa; Demirkazik, Ayse; Kosar, Ilkay; Cetin, Ali; Dokmetas, Hatice S.; Demir, TuncerWe investigated the effect of long-term exposure to modulation magnetic field (MF), insulin, and their combination on blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability in a diabetic rat model. Fifty-three rats were randomly assigned to one of six groups: sham, exposed to no MF; MF, exposed to MF; diabetes mellitus (DM), DM induced with streptozotocin (STZ); DM plus MF (DMMF); DM plus insulin therapy (DMI); and DM plus insulin therapy plus MF (DMIMF). All the rats underwent Evans blue (EB) measurement to evaluate the BBB 30 days after the beginning of experiments. The rats in MF, DMMF, and DMIMF groups were exposed to MF (B = 5 mT) for 165 min every day for 30 days. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), body mass, and serum glucose level of the study rats were recorded. The extravasation of brain EB of the MF, DM, DMMF, DMI, and DMIMF groups was higher than that of the sham group and the extravasation of right hemisphere of the DMIMF group was highest (P < 0.05). The post-procedure body mass of the sham and MF groups were significantly higher than those of the DM and DMMF groups (P < 0.05). In the DM, DMMF, DMI, and DMIMF groups, the baseline glucose was significantly lower than the post-procedure glucose (P < 0.05). DM and MF increase BBB permeability; in combination, they cause more increase in BBB permeability, and insulin decreases their effect on BBB. Improved glucose metabolism may prevent body mass loss and the hypoglycemic effect of MF. DM increases MABP but MF causes no additional effect. Bioelectromagnetics 31:262-269, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Öğe Effects of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists on Electromagnetic Field-Induced Analgesia in Rats(WILEY, 2019) Ozdemir, Ercan; Demirkazik, Ayse; Taskiran, Ahmet Sevki; Arslan, GokhanMuch evidence demonstrates the antinociceptive effect of magnetic fields (MFs). However, the analgesic action mechanism of the electromagnetic field (EMF) is not exactly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonists (serotonin HCl and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine [DOI] hydrochloride) on EMF-induced analgesia. In total, 66 adult male Wistar albino rats with an average body mass of 225 +/- 13 g were used in this study. The animals were subjected to repeated exposures of alternating 50 Hz and 5 mT EMF for 2 h a day for 15 days. Prior to analgesia tests, serotonin HCl (5-HT1 agonist) 4 mg/kg, WAY 100635 (5-HT1 antagonist) 0.04 mg/kg, DOI hydrochloride (5-HT2 receptor agonist) 4 mg/kg, and SB 204741 (5-HT2 antagonist) 0.5 mg/kg doses were injected into rats. For statistical analysis of the data, analysis of variance was used and multiple comparisons were determined by Tukey's test. Administration of serotonin HCl MF (5 mT)-exposed rats produced a significant increase in percent maximal possible effect (% MPE) as compared with EMF group (P < 0.05). On the contrary, injection of WAY 100635 to MF-exposed rats produced a significant decrease in analgesic activity (P < 0.05). Similarly, the administration of DOI hydrochloride significantly increased % MPE values as compared with the EMF group while SB 204741 reduced it (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that serotonin 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors play an important role in EMF-induced analgesia; however, further research studies are necessary to understand the mechanism. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:319-330. (c) 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.Öğe Effects of Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptors on Analgesia Created By a Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Rats(WILEY, 2017) Arslan, Gokhan; Demirkazik, Ayse; Ozdemir, Ercan; Taskiran, Ahmet Sevki; Kilinc, Olca…Öğe Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats(GENERAL PHYSIOL AND BIOPHYSICS, 2017) Ozdemir, Ercan; Demirkazik, Ayse; Gursoy, Sinan; Taskiran, Ahmet S.; Kilinc, Olca; Arslan, GokhanSeveral studies have demonstrated that the electromagnetic fields produce analgesic activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) on morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats. In the study, 78 adult male Wistar albino rats (approximately 240 +/- 12 g) were used. The application of 50 Hz magnetic field, each day the same times for 30 minutes for 15 days, and a total of four times every 15 minute intervals. To constitute morphine tolerance, high dose of morphine (50 mg/kg) were administered for 3 days in rats and tolerance was evaluated on day 4. Prior to analgesia tests, the effective dose (5 mg/kg) of morphine was injected into rats. In the statistical analyzes of the data, analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) was used and the multiple comparison determined by Tukey tests. The maximum analgesic effect of the 5 mT magnetic field was determined on 7 days. Administration of morphine (5 mg/ kg) in rats exposed to a magnetic field, the analgesic effect was significantly higher compared to the morphine group (p < 0.05). Morphine tolerant animals exposed to a magnetic field, the analgesic effect was found significantly higher than morphine tolerant group rats (p < 0.05). Analgesia test data demonstrated that application of ELF-EMFs to rats increases the morphine analgesia and reduces morphine tolerance.Öğe Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Inhibitors on Analgesia Induced by Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field in Rats(WILEY, 2017) Ozdemir, Ercan; Demirkazik, Ayse; Taskiran, Ahmet Sevki; Kilinc, Olca; Arslan, Gokhan…Öğe The effect of a silicone sheet on sciatic nerve healing in rats(Springer, 2023) Derebasinlioglu, Handan; Demirkazik, Ayse; Dogan, Inanc Cicek; Egilmez, H. Reyhan; Cam, Selim; Yeldir, NeseBackgroundFibrosis occurs during the healing process after nerve injury. Extraneural fibrosis occurs around the epineural sheath. Intraneural fibrosis occurs in the internal structure of the nerve. Prophylactic treatment with silicone gel sheets is effective in preventing severe scarring in the skin. Nerve action potential (NAP) recording is a well established, simple, and useful tool in the surgical treatment of nerve damage. Our aim in this study was to determine the effect of a silicone sheet on biophysical and histopathologic parameters when used in the treatment of peripheral nerve transection (neurotmesis) and crush injuries.MethodsThe study was conducted with 32 Wistar albino male rats. The rats in the neurotmesis and crush injury groups were divided into study and control groups. Before the injury and after 12 weeks, electrophysiological measurements were obtained. The sciatic nerve biopsy specimens were histopathologically evaluated.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, there was no statistical difference between pre- and post-injury Delta PP values in the PNR+SS group (p = 0.123). There was no statistically significant difference in post-injury Delta PP values between the CI and CI+SS groups (p = 0.201). The mean total histopathological score was significantly higher in the PNR+SS group than in the PNR group (p = 0.023).ConclusionsIn this rat model, a silicone sheet appears to have positive effects on peripheral nerve healing after primer repair and crush injury.Öğe The effect of modulation magnetic field on Na-KATPase in diaphragm of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat(Blackwell Publishing, 2006) Demirkazik, Ayse; Yucrbilgic, G.; Emre, Mustafa; Pelit, Aykut[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The effects of extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on analgesia in the nitric oxide pathway(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2019) Demirkazik, Ayse; Ozdemir, Ercan; Arslan, Gokhan; Taskiran, Ahmet Sevki; Pelit, AykutThere is growing interest in the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on mechanisms in biological organisms. This study's goal is to determine the role of the Nitiric Oxide (NO) pathway for thermal pain by intentionally interfering with it using a pulsed electromagnetic field generated by an extremely low frequency alternating current (ELF-PEMF) in combination with BAY41-2272 (sGC activator), NOS inhibitor L-NAME, and NO donor L-arginine. This study included 72 adult male Wistar albino rats (mean weight of 230 +/- 12 g). The rats were kept at room temperature (22 +/- 2 degrees C) in a 12-h light/dark cycle and in a room with sound insulation. PEMF (50 Hz, 5 mT) were applied four times a day for 30 min and at 15-min intervals for 15 days. Analgesic effects were assessed with tail-flick and hot-plate tests. Before the tests, NO donor L-arginine (300 mg/kg), sGC activator BAY41-2272 (10 mg/kg), and NOS inhibitor L-name (40 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into rats in six randomly-selected groups. The maximum analgesic effect of a 5 mT electromagnetic field was on day 7. PEMF significantly increased the analgesia effect when the functioning of the NO pathway was ensured with L-arginine, which is a NO donor, and BAY41-2271, which is the intracellular receptor and sGC activator. However, there was no difference between rats treated with PEMF and the NOS inhibitor L-NAME as compared to rats only treated with PEMF. In conclusion, PEMF generate analgesia by activating the NO pain pathway.Öğe The Effects of Magnetic Field on the Electrophysiological Parameters of Soleus Muscle in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2013) Pelit, Aykut; Emre, Mustafa; Demirkazik, Ayse; Gunay, IsmailPurpose: To investigate the effects of magnetic field (MF) on the resting membrane potential and action potential parameters of the Soleus muscle preparations in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Material and Methods: Forty male wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups; Group I (control), Group II (control with magnetic field), group III (diabetic), group IV (diabetic with magnetic field). The diabetes was induced by a single intravenous injection of STZ (45 mg/kg) in citrate buffer to the jugular vein under the ketamine and xylazine anesthetic combination. Resting membrane potential (RMP), muscle action potential (MAP), depolarization and half-repolarization time, MAP integral, depolarization and repolarization rates were recorded by means of the conventional microelectrode technique. Results: When group III and IV compared to group I, a significant decrease was found in the RMP (p<0.05). When control group compared to the other groups, MAP values found to be significant. When the depolarization time was compared there was a significant increase difference between group I and group III and group IV. Furthermore, half-repolarization time, MAP integral, depolarization and repolarization rates showed significant decrease results as occurred in MAP. Conclusion: MF increased the excitability of the cell membrane in RMP, which revealed that cell membrane had been more depolarized. It was assumed that this increase in depolarization may have been due to the changes in the conductivity of K+ and/or Cl-ion channels.
