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    Archaeo-geophysical Investigations in Ahlat Seljuk Square Cemetery, Bitlis, Eastern Anatolia TURKIYE
    (2023) Büyüksaraç, Aydın; Kulaz, Mehmet; Bektaş, Özcan; Dumankaya, Oktay; Ekinci, Yunus Levent; Koşaroğlu, Sinan
    Geophysical methods are frequently used in archaeological sites to obtain significant priori information. These methods assist archaeological excavation strategies by indicating the anomaly zones that may be associated with buried remains. Archaeo-geophysical methods are based on measuring the physical parameter contrast (e.g. magnetic susceptibility, dielectric constant, resistivity, density) between the buried archaeological remains and the covering environment. In this study, magnetic and ground penetrating radar methods were applied to contribute to excavation planning. The study area is a historical cemetery and has been used as an interment area for about 1000 years. Considering the information obtained from the previous excavations, the research depth was initially planned not to exceed 3 meters in general, but information up to 10 meters was obtained. We aimed at determining possible graves in the area outside the walls of Square Cemetery in Ahlat (Bitlis) district. After performing some data-processing steps to the raw data obtained, magnetic and ground penetrating radar anomaly maps were produced. Based on the distinguishable geophysical traces most promising locations were determined and suggested for archaeological excavations.
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    CAESAREA GERMANICIA (?) ARKEOJEOFİZİK ARAŞTIRMALARI
    (Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2022) Dumankaya, Oktay; Bektaş, Özcan; Koşaroğlu, Sinan; Büyüksaraç, Aydın
    Kahramanmaraş merkez ilçelerinden biri olan Dulkadiroğlu ilçesinde ortaya çıkartılan kalıntıların Roma Dönemi’nde kurulan Caesarea Germanicia’ya ait olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bölgede, Kahramanmaraş Müzesi başkanlığında Doç. Dr. Oktay DUMANKAYA’nın bilimsel danışmanlığında gerçekleştirilen araştırma ve kazılar, arkeolojik kültür kalıntılarının yayılım alanının 150 hektardan fazla olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Gerçekleştirilen araştırma ve kazılarda her ne kadar Roma Dönemi kültür kalıntılarının yoğunluğu dikkati çekse de Bizans, Selçuklu ve Osmanlı Dönemi seramik parçalarının tespit edilmiş olması, araştırma sahasında, yüzyıllarca süren kesintisiz bir yerleşimi işaret etmektedir. Yer Radarı (GPR) 6 profil boyunca gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar hem birbirleriyle hem de mevcut yüzey koşulları ile karşılaştırılmış ve GPR derinlik haritaları oluşturulmuştur. GPR derinlik kesitleri incelendiğinde 4 önemli yansımaya rastlanmıştır. Bu yansımaların 3 tanesi arkeolojik yapı kalıntılarına ait diğer 1 tanesi ise metal malzemeden (boru) kaynaklı olduğu yorumlanmıştır. GPR kesitlerinde belirlenen yansımaların, İS. 5-6. yüzyıla tarihlediğimiz Erken Bizans Dönemi Villa Rustica veya bir Roma Hamamı duvar kalıntılarına ve metal boruya ait olduğu görülmüştür. Yer radarı ölçümlerinde yapı duvarlarını paralel olarak kesen başka duvarların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Arkeolojik kazılar sonucunda söz konusu bu duvarların İS. 5-6. yüzyıla tarihlediğimiz Erken Bizans Dönemi yapısından farklı olarak çamur katkılı moloz taştan yapılmış olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Kazılarda tespit edilen ve 11-13 yüzyıla tarihlendirilen seramik parçalarından bu yapının Orta Bizans Dönemi’nde tekrar kullanılmış olduğunu işaret etmektedir.
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    THE CAESAREA GERMANICIA (?) OF ARCHEOGEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS
    (2022) Dumankaya, Oktay; Bektaş, Özcan; Koşaroğlu, Sinan; Büyüksaraç, Aydın
    The remains unearthed in the Dulkadiroğlu district, one of the central districts of Kahramanmaraş, are thought to belong to Caesarea Germanicia, which was founded in the Roman Period. Research and excavations carried out by the Kahramanmaraş Museum and us in the region have revealed that the spread of archaeological cultural remains is more than 150 hectares. Although the concentration of Roman Period cultural remains in the research and excavations was remarkable, the discovery of Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman Period ceramic pieces indicates an uninterrupted settlement in the research area for centuries. However, as can be seen in the images, the dense residential texture in the region is one of the biggest obstacles to archaeological research and excavations. Because, in order to carry out archaeological excavations of the identified structures, expropriations are required. However, the expropriation period covers an average of 2-4 years, which makes it difficult to conduct scientific research. Archeogeophysical methods provide information about the location, depth, and dimensions of the archaeological remains by applying them from the surface, without causing any damage to the archaeological remains sought. In this context, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements were carried out to determine the quality of the mosaic-based structure on 445 layout, which were previously unearthed through illegal excavations in 2019, and the parcels on which it extends. GPR was carried out along 6 profiles. The obtained results were compared both with each other and with the existing surface conditions, and GPR depth maps were created. When the GPR depth sections were examined, 4 important reflections were found. It has been interpreted that 3 of these reflections belong to the archaeological building remains and 1 of them originates from a metal material (pipe). It was determined that the depth of the archaeological remains identified in the GPR sections started at a depth of approximately 20 cm. As a result of the excavation, it was seen that the reflections determined in the GPR sections belonged to the wall remains and metal pipe. As a result of archaeological excavations, it was determined that the GPR reflections belong to the remains of the walls of the Villa Rustica of the Early Byzantine Period or a Roman bath, as well as a metal pipe. In the measurements of the ground radar, it was determined that other walls cut the building walls in parallel. As a result of archaeological excavations, it was understood that these walls were made of rubble stone with mud additives. It was discovered during archaeological excavations and was discovered in the 11th-13th centuries AD. One of the ceramic fragments indicates that this structure was used again in the Middle Byzantine Period.