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Öğe A Deep Learning-Based Approach to Detect Lamina Dura Loss on Periapical Radiographs(Springer, 2025) Sahin, Busra; Eninanc, IlknurThis study aimed to develop a custom artificial intelligence (AI) model for detecting lamina dura (LD) loss around the roots of anterior and posterior teeth on intraoral periapical radiographs. A total of 701 periapical radiographs of the anterior and posterior regions retrieved from the Dentomaxillofacial Radiology archives were reviewed. Images were cropped to include only the teeth exhibiting LD loss and those without LD loss, which were labeled as 1 and 0, respectively. The dataset was diversified using image preprocessing and data augmentation techniques. Among the radiographs, 72% were used for training, 18% for validation, and 10% for testing. A custom AI model, consisting of 4 blocks and 49 layers, with a total of 21.2 million parameters, was developed using the TensorFlow library and residual blocks introduced in ResNet architecture. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, F1 score, and kappa (kappa) coefficients (for intra-observer agreement) were calculated to evaluate the performance of the AI model. When applied to a test set of 71 images, the AI model showed good performance in detecting LD loss, achieving an average sensitivity of 0.730, specificity of 0.706, accuracy of 0.718, precision of 0.730, and an F1 score of 0.730, regardless of the dental region. This study represents the first known application of an AI algorithm tailored to detect LD loss on periapical radiographs. The developed AI model could aid clinicians in making accurate diagnosis and help prevent misdiagnosis.Öğe Assessment of mandibular trabecular structure and cervical vertebral maturation using fractal analysis(Ios Press, 2024) Buyukbayraktar, Zeynep Coban; Eninanc, IlknurBACKGROUND: Changes in bone trabeculae occur during skeletal maturation. Fractal analysis is a technique for assessing changes in the internal structure of the bone. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate correlation of bone trabeculation measured on panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs with cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS). METHODS: CVMS was evaluated on lateral cephalometric radiographs of 120 individuals aged 6 to 18 years. The subjects were divided into 6 groups (n = 20 each) according to CVMS. On panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs, fractal dimension (FD) analyses were performed in mandibular corpus, gonial and condylar regions and cervical vertebral bodies (C2, C3, C4). RESULTS: FD measurements from the mandibular corpus region bilaterally and C2-C4 vertebral bodies showed significant positive correlations with CVMS (r = 0.418, r = 0.412, r = 0.324, r = 0.304, r = 0.263, respectively). Significant differences were found in the FD values of the right/left mandibular corpus and C2 and C3 vertebrae compared to CVMS (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.005, P = 0.019, respectively). CONCLUSION: Significant positive moderate correlations between the FD values of the right and left mandibular corpus and CVMS suggest that fractal analysis may be useful in determining skeletal maturity stage. The significant FD values obtained from the right/left mandibular corpus, and C2 and C3 vertebra indicate that the complexity of the internal trabecular structure increases with maturation.Öğe Investigation of mandibular fractal dimension on digital panoramic radiographs in bruxist individuals(Elsevier Science Inc, 2021) Eninanc, Ilknur; Yeler, Defne Yalcin; Cmar, ZiynetObjective. This study aimed to evaluate changes in mandibular trabecular bone structure in bruxism using fractal analysis on digital panoramic radiographs obtained with automatic dosing. Study Design. In this prospective study, fractal analysis was performed on radiographs of 126 bruxists and 126 non-bruxists. Eight paired mandibular regions of interest were selected: the bilateral condylar and gonial regions, and the bilateral dentate regions between the apical areas of the first molar and second premolar and between the first premolar and canine. Fractal dimensions (FDs) were calculated at each site. Results. Mean FD values in the bilateral gonial regions of the bruxists were significantly lower than those of controls (P <= .049). In both groups, FD values of the right dentate region anterior to the mental foramen were significantly lower than those on the left side (P <= .042). Females exhibited significantly lower FD values in both condylar regions in both groups (P <= .039) and in the right dentate regions in the controls (P <= .022). Correlations between age and FD in all regions were positive but nonsignificant in both groups (P > .05). Conclusions. FD values of mandibular trabecular bone are affected by bruxism in the gonial region and by laterality and sex differences in the condylar and dentate regions.Öğe Ramsay Hunt Syndrome with Oral Findings: A Rare Case(Univ Indonesia, Fac Dentistry, 2023) Eninanc, Ilknur; Sahin, BusraRamsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is a disease that is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and is characterized by severe ear pain, auricular vesicular eruptions, and peripheral facial paralysis. Objective: The aim of this case report is to provide information about the clinical findings and treatment process of RHS, which is a rare case and may have oral findings and stress the importance of early diagnosis. Case Report: A 60-year-old male patient had previously consulted an otolaryngologist and a family physician with complaints of vesicular eruptions in the right ear auricle and on the mandible. The patient in whom a diagnosis could not be established presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology after exacerbated lesions. White plaque-like and ruptured vesicular lesions were observed in the intraoral examination. All vesicular lesions were on one side of the face, and the patient was referred to the dermatology clinic with the diagnosis of RHS. Facial paralysis fully recovered in a short time after early diagnosis and treatment. It should be kept in mind that there may also be oral findings in RHS, and a patient's intraoral and extraoral examination findings should be evaluated together. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment are highly important in preventing complications such as permanent facial paralysis, vestibulocochlear dysfunction, and hearing lossÖğe The relationship of medial sigmoid depression and sigmoid notch morphology with vertical and sagittal growth patterns in Turkish population(Soc Anatomica Espanola, 2024) Gurleyuk, Ali Canturk; Yeler, Defne Yalcin; Eninanc, Ilknur; Yeler, HasanMedial sigmoid depression (MSD) is an anatomical variation located just below the deepest point of the sigmoid notch (SN). The etiology of MSD is unknown. It has been reported that increased maximum bite force affects the occurrence of MSD, and vertical growth pattern affects SN morphology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these malocclusions on the presence and morphology of MSD and SN, since bite force can change with vertical and sagittal growth patterns. This is the first study to investigate the effects of vertical growth pattern on the presence and morphology of MSD, and the effects of sagittal growth pattern on SN morphology. Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of a total of 634 (427 female, 207 male) patients aged from 18 to 35 years (mean 19.58) were included in this retrospective study. MSD and SN shapes, SN depth and width were evaluated on panoramic radiographs. Mann Whitney -U, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Sagittal and vertical growth patterns were not significantly associated with the presence and shape of MSD (p>0.05). SN depth was greater in individuals with class III malocclusion, and both SN depth and width were lower in hyperdivergent individuals. There was no significant relation- ship between SN shapes and vertical and sagittal growth patterns (p>0.05). SN depth is affected by both vertical and sagittal growth pattern, and SN width is affected only by vertical growth pattern. The presence of MSD was not associated with growth pattern.Öğe Three-dimensional evaluation of dentigerous cysts in the Turkish subpopulation(Bmc, 2024) Eninanc, Ilknur; Mavi, EsraBackground To investigate the radiological and demographic features, types, distribution, and treatment methods of dentigerous cysts (DC).Methods Panoramic radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients diagnosed with DC based on biopsy results between January 2020 and December 2023 were examined. In patients from different age groups, the numbers, types and locations, and radiological features of DCs, associated changes in surrounding tissues, and treatment methods used were reviewed.Results Among 95 patients with DC (66 males, 29 females), sex and age distributions were comparable between those with a single cyst (n = 86) and those with two cysts (n = 9). Of 104 DCs, 44 were central, 38 were lateral, and 22 were circumferential. DC types were not significantly affected by sex, age group, or anatomical location. Circumferential DCs often caused displacement of the mandibular canal inferiorly. While enucleation was preferred for the treatment of central DCs, circumferential DCs were treated with marsupialization.Conclusions In this study, which is the first to evaluate the DC types on CBCT images, the central type was the most common. Circumferential DCs were mostly treated with marsupialization. CBCT imaging can assist in determining DC types, and may provide guidance for treatment planning.
