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    Effect of propolis on survival of periodontal ligament cells: New storage media for avulsed teeth
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2007) Ozan, Fatih; Polat, Zubeyde Akin; Er, Kursat; Ozan, Ulku; Deger, Orhan
    Propolis is a multifunctional material used by bees in the construction and maintenance of their hives. Propolis possesses several biologic activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, and tissue regenerative, among others. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of propolis to serve as a temporary storage medium for the maintenance of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability of avulsed teeth. PDL cells were obtained from healthy third molars and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM). Cultures were subjected to 10% propolis solution, 20% propolis solution, long-shelf life light milk with lower fat content (milk), Hank's Balanced Salt Solution, tap water as the negative control, and DMEM as the positive control. Tissue culture plates were incubated with experimental media at 37 degrees C for 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours. PDL cell viability was assessed by trypan blue exclusion. Statistical analysis of the data was accomplished by using one-way analysis of variance complemented by the Tukey test. The level of significance was 5% (p < 0.05). The results showed that 10% propolis was a more effective storage medium than other groups. In conclusion, propolis can be recommended as a suitable transport medium for avulsed teeth.
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    Effects of dentin surface treatments including Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with different intensities on the push-out bond strength of the glass fiber posts to root dentin
    (INFORMA HEALTHCARE, 2015) Kirmali, Omer; Kustarci, Alper; Kapdan, Alper; Er, Kursat
    Objective. Intra-canal post systems are commonly used to restore root-filled teeth. Bond strengths of the posts can be affected by various surface treatments of the post or the dentin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dentin surface treatments including erbium-chromium; yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation with different intensities on the push-out bond strength of the glass fiber posts to root dentin. Materials and methods. Forty single-rooted human maxillary incisors were filled and post spaces were prepared. After these procedures, the specimens were divided randomly into four groups according to the dentin surface treatments, as follows: (i) untreated surface (control), (ii) 1W Er,Cr:YSGG laser application, (iii) 2W Er,Cr:YSGG laser application and (iv) 3W Er,Cr:YSGG laser application. Then the posts were cemented into the root canals using dual-cured resin cement. Bonded specimens were cut into 1-mm-thick slices and push-out tests were performed using a universal testing device. All specimens were loaded until fracture and the failure modes were evaluated with a stereomicroscope at 32x magnification. Representative specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, Tukey and Wilcoxon tests. Results. The bond strength values ranged from 3.22-4.68 MPa. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups, regardless of the different levels. The coronal and middle levels of the post space had significantly higher bond strength values compared with the apical level (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with different intensities did not increase the bond strength of the fiber posts to the root canal dentin walls.
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    Efficacy of Surface Roughness and Bond Strength of Y-TZP Zirconia After Various Pre-Treatments
    (MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2015) Kirmali, Omer; Kustarci, Alper; Kapdan, Alper; Er, Kursat
    Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate surface roughness (SR) and the influence of various surface treatments (STs) on the veneer ceramic shear bond strength (SBS) to Y-TZP zirconia. Background data: STs can improve the bonding properties of zirconia ceramics. However, little is known about the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on SBS between zirconia and veneer ceramic/resin cement. Methods: Eighty ceramic discs of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) were prepared, and specimens were divided into eight groups (n=10): untreated (control), air abrasion, and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with different energy intensities (1-6 W). Average SR of each specimen was determined with a profilometer, and a veneering ceramic recommended for zirconia was fired into cylinder-shaped Y-TZP specimens. SBS test was performed for each specimen at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, and the average means of SBS and SR were calculated. Fracture modes and the surface topography were evaluated with various microscopes after STs. Data were analyzed by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) tests. Results: The highest mean force value was observed in the air abrasion group, and followed by 6 and 5 W laser irradiations, respectively. The difference between control and air abrasion groups was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). All laser irradiations increased the SBS value, but 1 and 2 W laser irradiations showed no statistically significant differences compared with the control group. However, the SR value for air abrasion group was significantly higher than that of the control group and 1 W (p<0.05), and there were no significant differences between the SR of all the laser groups and the control group. Conclusions: The result of this study showed that STs with air abrasion and high laser energy intensities (3-6W), can improve the bonding properties of Y-TZP zirconia.
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    Fracture Resistance of Root-Filled Maxillary Premolar Teeth Restored with Current Dentin Bonding Adhesives
    (Univ Zagreb, Sch Dental Medicine, 2008) Siso, Seyda Herguner; Er, Kursat; Hurmuzlu, Feridun; Kustarci, Alper; Akpinar, Kerem Engin
    Objective: The aim was to study and compare the fracture resistance of root-filled premolar teeth restored with various dentin bonding adhesives (DBAs). Material and Methods: Eighty extracted single-rooted human maxillary premolar teeth were randomly assigned to eight groups (n=10). Group 1 (control) did not receive any preparation. From groups 2 to 8, the teeth were root filled and MOD cavities were prepared. Group 2 remained unrestored. Groups 3-8 were restored using the following DBAs: iBond (Heraeus Kulzer), G-Bond (GC Co.), Xeno III (Dentsply/Caulk), AdheSe (Ivoclar Vivadent), Clearfil Protect Bond (Kuraray) and Clearfil Tri-S Bond (Kuraray); all preparations were further restored with a resin composite (Renew, Bisco). All specimens were then stored in 100% humidity at 37 degrees C for 24 h, followed by thermal cycling 500 times between 5 degrees and 55 degrees C. Compressive loading of the teeth was performed by a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm min-1 until failure. The data were recorded in Newton (N) and were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. Results: The mean loads necessary to fracture the samples in each group were: group 1: 984.00 +/- 116.27a, group 2: 167.30 +/- 47.26b, group 3: 872.30 +/- 164.99a, group 4: 848.70 +/- 157.84a, group 5: 916.30 +/- 246.19a, group 6: 863.20 +/- 197.69a, group 7: 802.20 +/- 183.84a, group 8: 870.70 +/- 126.48a. Similar letters indicate statistically similar values (P>0.05). Conclusion: The type of DBAs had no influence on the fracture resistance of teeth.
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    Nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a large cyst-like periradicular lesion
    (ELSEVIER TAIWAN, 2014) Kustarci, Alper; Kosger, Husan Huseyin; Er, Kursat
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    Resin Cement to Indirect Composite Resin Bonding: Effect of Various Surface Treatments
    (WILEY-HINDAWI, 2015) Kirmali, Omer; Barutcugil, Cagatay; Harorli, Osman; Kapdan, Alper; Er, Kursat
    Debonding at the composite-adhesive interface is a major problem for indirect composite restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength (BS) of an indirect composite resin after various surface treatments (air-abrasion with Al2O3, phosphoric acid-etchig and different applications of NdYAG laser irradiations). Fifty composite disks were subjected to secondary curing to complete polymerization and randomly divided into five experimental groups (n=10) including Group 1, untreated (control); Group 2, phosphoric acid-etched; Group 3, air-abrasion with Al2O3; Group 4, Nd:YAG laser irradiated with non-contact and Group 5, Nd:YAG laser irradiated with contact. They were then bonded to resin cement and shear BS was determined in a universal testing device at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to analyze the BS values. The highest BS value was observed in Group 4 and followed by Group 3. Tukey test showed that there was no statistical difference between Group1, 2 and 5. Furthermore, differences in BSs between Group 4 and the other groups except Group 3 were significant (p<0.05) and also there were significant differences in BSs between Group 3 to 1 and Group 3 to 2 (p<0.05). This study reveals that air-abrasion with Al2O3 and Nd:YAG laser irradiation with non-contact provided a significant increase in BS between indirect composite and resin cement. SCANNING 37:89-94, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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    Veneer Ceramic to Y-TZP Bonding: Comparison of Different Surface Treatments
    (WILEY, 2016) Kirmali, Omer; Kapdan, Alper; Kustarci, Alper; Er, Kursat
    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various surface-treatment techniques for enhancing the bond strength between veneering ceramic and yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP). Materials and Methods: Pre-sintered Y-TZP specimens were divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to the surface-treatment technique used: (a) untreated (control); (b) air abrasion with aluminum oxide particles; (c) erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er, Cr: YSGG) laser irradiation at different energy intensities (1 to 6 W). All specimens were then sintered and veneered with veneering ceramic according to the manufacturer's instructions. The obtained zirconia-ceramic specimens were immersed in 37 degrees C distilledwater for 24 hours before a shear bond strength test using a universal testing device at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The average values were calculated. After debonding, the Y-TZP surfaces were examined under a stereomicroscope to determine their fracture pattern, and the surface topography was evaluated with scanning electronmicroscopy after surface treatments. Results: The bond strength ranged from 13.24 to 20.54 MPa. All surface treatments increased the bond strength between the veneering ceramic and Y-TZP; however, the value for the 6 W irradiation group was significantly different from the values for other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study's findings showed that higher energy densities were needed for the laser irradiation to improve the bond strength between the veneering ceramic and zirconia. Clinical Implication: Y-TZP is commonly used as a core material in fixed restorations. The bond strength between zirconia and the veneering ceramic can be affected by various surface treatments.