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    Association of leptin with insulin resistance, body composition, and lipid parameters in postmenopausal women and men in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    (SAUDI MED J, 2008) Gulturk, Sefa; Cetin, Ali; Erdal, Sena
    Objective: To determine the association of leptin with insulin resistance, body composition, and lipid parameters in postmenopausal women and men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study was conducted in 158 patients (87 postmenopausal women and 71 men) with T2DM, and 99 healthy controls (52 postmenopausal women and 47 men). Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were selected consecutively from the outpatient Endocrinology Service of Cumhuriyet University Hospital, Sivas, Turkey from April 2002 to March 2005. We collected demographic, leptin, insulin resistance, and lipid and body composition parameters. Results: Serum leptin levels of females were significantly higher than those of men in both T2DM, and healthy participants. The basal metabolic rate, fat free mass, and total body water of males, were lower than those of females. In both T2DM and healthy participants, leptin was positively correlated with insulin resistance and body composition parameters in both gender. Serum leptin levels of females were higher compared with males in the same BMI, independent of T2DM. Conclusion: Leptin was associated with insulin, insulin resistance, and body composition parameters (body mass index, basal metabolic rate, body weight, %fat, and fat mass) in participants, with or without T2DM in both genders. Type 2 diabetes mellitus seemed more effective on insulin resistance than obesity. We suggest that the female gender, and fat mass, and not T2DM might have significant influence on leptin levels in age.
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    Effect of carnitine on the swimming endurance time in rats
    (Aves, 2007) Guituk, Seth; Demirkazik, Ayse; Erdal, Sena; Demir, Tuncer
    Purpose: Carnitine plays an important role in lipid metabolism by transporting long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. The effect of carnitine on exercise capacity is not clear. In this study, effect of carnitine on endurance time in swimming exercise was evaluated in rats. Material and Methods: Two groups were formed and a total of 20 Wistar albino male rats weighing 250-300 g were used in this study. Each rat of experiment group (n = 10) subcutaneous injection of carnitine at the dose of 100 mg/kg/day was made for 20 days, while placebo was given in control group (n = 10). Swimming tests was made in a square shaped glass water tank that was 50 centimeters in height, in width, in depth and filled to a depth of 40 centimeters with 25 +/- 1 degrees C water. The uncoordinated movements and staying under the water for 10 seconds without swimming at the surface were accepted as the exhaustion criteria of the rats. Results: In the rats of experiment group the endurance time increased significantly comparing with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This result suggests that carnitine may enhance the physical performance. Carnitine might generate that effect by induction of maximal oxygen intake and/or mitocondrial Ca++ sequestration.
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    The effects of creatine long-term supplementation on muscle morphology and swimming performance in rats
    (JOURNAL SPORTS SCIENCE & MEDICINE, 2009) Yildiz, Ahmet; Ozdemir, Ercan; Gulturk, Sefa; Erdal, Sena
    Creatine (Cr) has been shown to increase the total muscle mass. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Cr supplementation on muscle morphology and swimming performance, using an animal model. Each rat was subjected to exercise 15-minute period daily for the 12 weeks. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: no Cr supplementation (CON), no Cr supplementation and incomplete food intake (lacking lysine and methionine in diet for rats) (INCO), Cr supplementation 1 g.kg(-1).day(-1) (CREAT-I) and Cr supplementation 2 g.kg(-1).day(-1) (CREAT-II). Three months later, all groups adult rats exercised in swimming pool chambers. Swimming time was recorded as minute for each rat. Following swimming performance period, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation and the gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles were dissected. Serial slices of 5-7 mu m were allocated paraffin wax and histochemical staining procedure of cross-sections was carried out with heamatoxylin-eosin technics. All groups gained body weight at the end of 12 weeks but there was no statistical difference among them. Swimming time values were statistical difference between CREAT-II and CON group as well as between CREAT-I and CON group (p < 0.05). In the INCO group was determined increased connective tissue cell of the muscle sample. In contrast, in the CREAT-I and CREAT-II group, the basic histological changes were large-scale muscle fibers and hypertrophic muscle cells. These results suggest that long-term creatine supplementation increased the number of muscle fibers and enhanced endurance swimming performance in rats.
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    Investigation of the normal values of some haematological parameters of the adults living in the central region of Sivas
    (2003) Şanli Yilmaz, Filiz; Erdal, Sena; Bakici, Zahir; Çinar, Ziynet
    Purpose: In this study, normal values of haematological parameters in healthy male and female individuals between 25-64 years of age in the central region of Sivas were investigated. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 530 healthy adult males and females who have been living in central Sivas. The individuals evaluated as healthy using the applied questionnaire results were included in the study. Haematological parameters (eritrocyte, leukocyte, thrombocyte, mean thrombocyte volume, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and percentage neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil) were measured in the blood samples. Results: Normal values of studied haematological parameters of Sivas populace were determined by this study and the values obtained were evaluated according to sex and age groups. Conclusion: Obtained haematological values of adults who lived in Sivas were in accordance with the values reported as normal by other studies in the literature. Differences in some parameters could be originated from the methodology, geographical conditions, feeding habits of Sivas populace and the manner of lives.
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    The sympathetic skin response habituation in sedentary subjects and sportsmen
    (DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG, 2008) Yildiz, Ahmet; Gulturk, Sefa; Cetin, Ali; Erdal, Sena; Arslan, Abdullah
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the habituation rates of the sympathetic skin response (SSR) in sedentary subjects and trained sportsmen. A total of 52 voluntary male students (30 sedentary subjects and 22 trained sportsmen) participated in the experiment. SSR was recorded with the contralateral electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve (of the upper extremities). In order to initiate the SSRs, 16 square-wave consecutive electrical shock stimuli were presented to each subject over the left ulnar nerve. In 52 subjects, 16 stimuli were applied at random time intervals (20-50 s). In sedentary subjects, the mean amplitude of the SSRs decreased from 4.83 +/- 0.36 mV at the first stimulus, to 0.80 +/- 0.12 mV at the 16th stimulus. In trained sportsmen, the mean amplitude of the SSRs decreased from 3.95 +/- 0.51 mV at the first stimulus, to 0.80 +/- 0.17 mV at the 16th stimulus. In the sedentary subjects, at the S1-S9 stimuli, the mean amplitudes of SSRs were higher than those of trained sportsmen. Depending upon these findings we can say that the trained sportsmen showed a more rapid habituation than sedentary subjects. In these processes, changes of amplitude and latency values reflect changes in amount of neuronal activation. Amplitude reflects the amount of neuronal activation, which is concerned with number of neuronal populations. Neuroplasticity, known as the habituation of the brain, is the adaptation of autonomic nervous system, which can be reflected by SSRs.
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    The comparison of the result of exercise bronchoprovocation test and methacholine bronchoprovocation test in athletes
    (2004) Dal, Ugur; Akkurt, Ibrahim; Erdal, Sena
    The excess contraction respond of the bronchiols to the specific and non-specific agent is called bronchial hyperresponsiveness. In our study we compared the result of exercise bronchoprovocation test and methacholine bronchoprovocation test in athletes (group I) and in sedentary subjects (group II). The subjects that their age, height, weight and environmental status of the test room (temperature and humidity) were not statistically different, they gave statistically different respond to the methacholine bronchoprovocation test (p< 0.05). Their respond to exercise bronchoprovocation test was similar and there was no statistically difference between two groups (p> 0.05). In group I, there was a correlation in the result of exercise bronchoprovocation test and methacholine bronchoprovocation test (r= 0.60, p< 0.05), but in group II there was no correlation in this two tests. The parameters that we use for evaluation of the allergic status (total IgE, eosinophil count, number of atopic subject in groups) were not statistically different (p> 0.05). In both two groups there was a statistically different respond in the result of exercise bronchoprovocation test and methacholine bronchoprovocation test. These findings suggests that methacholine bronchoprovocation test is a more sensitive test for the diagnosis of BHR in athletes and sedantery subjects than exercise bronchoprovocation test.