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    AMINOETHOXYVINYLGLYCINE AND FOLIAR ZINC TREATMENTS PLAY A KEY ROLE IN PRE-HARVEST DROPS AND FRUIT QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF 'WILLIAM'S PRIDE' APPLE
    (WYDAWNICTWO AKAD ROLNICZEJ W LUBLINIE, 2019) Ozturk, Burhan; Yildiz, Kenan; Erdem, Halil; Karakaya, Orhan; Ozturk, Ahmet; Aglar, Erdal
    Effects of pre-harvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, 250 mg L-1) and zinc (0.3% ZnSO4) treatments on pre-harvest fruit drops, internal ethylene concentration (IEC), flesh firmness, color characteristics (L*, chroma and hue angle), soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, flesh and leaf micronutrients and macronutrients of 'William's Pride' apples, were investigated in this study. AVG was sprayed 4 weeks before the anticipated harvest date and Zn was sprayed when the fruits reached the size of a walnut. As compared to the control, both the single AVG and zinc treatments significantly reduced the pre-harvest drops. However, combined AVG + Zinc treatments were found to be more effective in reducing the pre-harvest drops. At the last measurement date (15th of August), 60% fruit drop was measured in control, but 22% in AVG + Zinc treatment. AVG and AVG + Zinc treatments reduced ethylene synthesis. On the other hand, single zinc treatments stimulated ethylene synthesis. AVG treatments retarded red skin color development, but zinc treatments again stimulated red color development. As compared to the control and single zinc treatments, AVG-treated fruits had greater firmness and acidity values, but lower SSC values. While AVG treatments increased the total phenolics and antioxidant activity, zinc treatments decreased these attributes. As compared to the control, zinc treatments significantly increased flesh Cu, N, P and K contents and leaf Mn, N and P contents. Based on present findings, it was concluded that AVG could be used as an efficient tool to reduce the pre-harvest drops in apples.
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    Diversity of Macro- and Micronutrients in the Seeds of Lentil Landraces
    (HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION, 2012) Karakoy, Tolga; Erdem, Halil; Baloch, Faheem S.; Toklu, Faruk; Eker, Selim; Kilian, Benjamin; Ozkan, Hakan
    Increasing the amount of bioavailable mineral elements in plant foods would help to improve the nutritional status of populations in developing countries. Legume seeds have the potential to provide many essential nutrients. It is important to have information on genetic variations among different lentil populations so that plant breeding programs can use new varieties in cross-breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to characterize the micro- and macronutrient concentrations of lentil landraces seeds collected from South-Eastern Turkey. We found impressive variation in the micro- and macroelement concentrations in 39 lentil landraces and 7 cultivars. We investigated the relationships of traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The concentrations of several minerals, particularly Zn, were positively correlated with other minerals, suggesting that similar pathways or transporters control the uptake and transport of these minerals. Some genotypes had high mineral and protein content and potential to improve the nutritional value of cultivated lentil. Cross-breeding of numerous lentil landraces from Turkey with currently cultivated varieties could improve the levels of micro- and macronutrients of lentil and may contribute to the worldwide lentil quality breeding program.
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    The effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine and foliar zinc treatments on pre-harvest drops and fruit quality attributes of Jersey Mac apples
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016) Aglar, Erdal; Yildiz, Kenan; Ozkan, Yakup; Ozturk, Burhan; Erdem, Halil
    The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of pre-harvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, 250 mgL(-1)) and zinc (0,3% ZnSO4) treatments on pre-harvest fruit drops, internal ethylene concentration (IEC), fruit weight, color characteristics, fruit firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity like quality attributes and antioxidant activity, total phenolics, micro and macro elements of Jersey Mac apples (Malus x domestica). Compared to control treatment, except for 22 July, pre-harvest drops were significantly reduced with all treatments in all measurement times. Zn +AVG treatment was found to be more effective in reducing pre-harvest fruit drops. IEC decreased with AVG, Zn and Zn +AVG treatments. Single AVG treatment was more effective on IEC decreases. While flesh softening was retarded with AVG treatments, Zn treatments stimulated flesh softening. Fruit weights increased with Zn treatments, but decreased with AVG and Zn +AVG treatments. Red color development was retarded with both AVG and Zn + AVG treatments, but stimulated with Zn treatment. SSC significantly decreased in the last measurement date (12 August) with AVG treatment. Compared to control fruits, AVG and Zn +AVG-treated fruits had higher titratable acidity, total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity, but Zn-treated fruits had lower values. All micro element and nitrogen and phosphorus-like macro element contents of single Zn and AVG or Zn +AVG-treated fruits were higher than the control fruits. It was concluded that beside AVG, Zn could also play an active role in retarding pre-harvest fruit drops. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of three biochar types on activity of beta-glucosidase enzyme in two agricultural soils of different textures
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2018) Gunal, Elif; Erdem, Halil; Demirbas, Ahmet
    Biochar has attracted significant attention due to the long-lasting nature, and prominent influence on soil characteristics. This study was conducted to evaluate changes in the activity of beta-glucosidase enzyme (BG) in loamy and sandy loam texture soils following two winter wheat growing seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates and four treatments. The treatments were two soils, three biochars (rice husk, corn cob and bean harvest residue), five biochar rates (BR) and five levels of mineral fertilizers (FR) or dairy effluent (DE). The fertilizers were applied at the beginning of each season, while biochars were applied only at the beginning of experiment. Soil samples were collected following the second season and analyzed for the BG activity. Addition of biochars reduced the BG activity and the decline was higher in sandy loam compared to loamy soils. Negative effect of biochar to BG activity was greater at the highest BR (3.0%) than the lower BR. Fertilizer additions along with DE biochar had significant effect on BG activity that increased with higher FR. Given the importance of BG activity in soil organic matter decomposition, biochar application can be considered a sustainable way of increase in carbon sequestration.
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    THE IMPACTS OF THE BIOCHAR ADDITION IN DIFFERENT DOSES ON YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF THE CHICKPEA PLANT (CICER ARIETINUM L.) UNDER THE CONDITIONS WITH AND WITHOUT INCUBATION
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2017) Demirbas, Ahmet; Karakoy, Tolga; Durukan, Hasan; Erdem, Halil
    Biochar which is intensively used in the issue of the struggle against global warming in recent years also enhances the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil when it is added to the soil. With this study; the impact of the biochar applications (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% (v/v)) in different doses under the conditions with and without incubation on the yield of the chickpea plant and nutrient concentrations has been examined. The study has been carried out with three repetitions according to the experimental pattern of randomized blocks in the plastic pots with the capacity of 3 kg under the greenhouse conditions. The addition of biochar was made 60 days before the plantation of the herbs to the pots with incubation and watering has been made with pure water for 60 days. The dry matter production and nutrient concentrations have been determined in the plants harvested in the broad bean bonding period. The results of the study have shown that the application that increases the dry matter production of the chickpea plant most is the application of 3% biochar dose under the conditions with incubation (10.02 g pot(-1)). In addition; the biochar applications have decreased the uptake of other nutrient except for K and Zn under both the conditions with and without incubation. While 3% biochar application under the conditions with incubation and 4% biochar application without incubation have been the applications having the most significant impact on the Zn concentration of the chickpea plant respectively with 67.2 mg Zn kg(-1) and 60.5 mg Zn kg(-1), 2% biochar application has been the application which has had the most significant impact on the K concentration of the chickpea with respectively 2.81% K and 2.37% K under the conditions both with and without incubation. In addition; when the general averages in the study have been assessed, it has been determined that the biochar applications have more impact on the dry matter production of the chickpea plant and the concentrations of N, P, K, Zn and Mn according to the conditions without incubation.
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    The impacts of the biochar addition in different doses on yield and nutrient uptake of the chickpea plant (Cicer arietinum L.) under the conditions with and without incubation
    (Parlar Scientific Publications, 2017) Demirbas, Ahmet; Karakoy, Tolga; Durukan, Hasan; Erdem, Halil
    Biochar which is intensively used in the issue of the struggle against global warming in recent years also enhances the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil when it is added to the soil. With this study; the impact of the biochar applications (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% (v/v)) in different doses under the conditions with and without incubation on the yield of the chickpea plant and nutrient concentrations has been examined. The study has been carried out with three repetitions according to the experimental pattern of randomized blocks in the plastic pots with the capacity of 3 kg under the greenhouse conditions. The addition of biochar was made 60 days before the plantation of the herbs to the pots with incubation and watering has been made with pure water for 60 days. The dry matter production and nutrient concentrations have been determined in the plants harvested in the broad bean bonding period. The results of the study have shown that the application that increases the dry matter production of the chickpea plant most is the application of 3% biochar dose under the conditions with incubation (10.02 g pot-1). In addition; the biochar applications have decreased the uptake of other nutrient except for K and Zn under both the conditions with and without incubation. While 3% biochar application under the conditions with incubation and 4% biochar application without incubation have been the applications having the most significant impact on the Zn concentration of the chickpea plant respectively with 67.2 mg Zn kg-1 and 60.5 mg Zn kg-1, 2% biochar application has been the application which has had the most significant impact on the K concentration of the chickpea with respectively 2.81% K and 2.37% K under the conditions both with and without incubation. In addition; when the general averages in the study have been assessed, it has been determined that the biochar applications have more impact on the dry matter production of the chickpea plant and the concentrations of N, P, K, Zn and Mn according to the conditions without incubation. © by PSP.