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    Ammi visnaga L. and Nanocarrier Approaches in the Treatment of Skin Diseases
    (Marmara Univ, 2022) Esenturk-Guzel, Imren; Topuzoglu, Sehernaz; Abdo, Luceyn; Gurer, Eda Sonmez; Yapar, Evren Algin
    Ammi visnaga L. is a plant that grows naturally in Europe and is very common in Turkiye. It has various pharmacological effects due to its gamma-pyrones, coumarins, flavonoids and essential oils content. And its major phytocontituent khellin, which has a furanochrorne structure obtained by extraction from the seeds of the Armin visnaga L. is effective on the photochemotherapy of skin diseases. In this context, researches on topical delivery of khellin has been increased and the use of nanocarriers has gain attention to achieve optimised efficacy and stability related khellin, for the treatment of some skin diseases especially psoriasis and vitiligo. In this review, studies on the efficacy of khellin, which is the major phytocontituent of Atnnti visnaga L.in the treatment of skin diseases and topical delivery of it via nanocarrier systems has been overviewed to draw attention to the potential of herbal sources accompained modern carrier systems in the treatment.
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    An Overview of Nanofiber Applications for Development of Phytopharmaceuticals
    (Galenos Publ House, 2022) Esenturk-Guzel, Imren; Abdo, Luceyn; Algin Yapar, Evren; Esenturk, Engin; Buyukkayhan, Derya; Sindhu, Rakesh K.
    Herbal sources contain a variety of bio-actives, which are also called phytochemicals. Many of the herbal bio-actives have therapeutic effects and distinguished chemical properties that allow them favorable candidates for phytomedicines. The history of traditional herbal medicines, which are the precursors of phytopharmaceuticals, dates back to ancient times. Today, many of the officially approved and widely used medicines are produced by isolating active substances from herbal sources. Although traditional pharmaceutical dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, syrups, solutions, decoctions and ointments are still used today, problems related with the absorption, biotransformation and stability of phytochemicals reduces the efficacy, bioavailability and in some cases safety of herbal medicines. Also, conventional pharmaceutical dosage forms are often providing an immediate release of phytoconstituents. Besides the use of advanced drug delivery systems offer advantages to overcome mentioned problems, they also provide extended release with maximum efficacy associated with minimum side effects. Researches on development of herbal formulations by using novel drug delivery systems have gain attention and the use of nanotechnology-based systems have special attention. One of the nano drug carrier systems is nanofibers which have unique properties making them widely used in different treatments such as infections, allergy, rheumatic diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancers, etc. In this study, the use Bitkisel kaynaklar, fitokimyasallar olarak da adlandirilan cesitli biyoaktif maddeler icerirler. Bitkisel biyo-aktiflerin cogu, bitkisel ilaclar icin uygun aday olmalarini saglayan terapotik etkilere ve kimyasal ozelliklere sahiptirler. Fitofarmasotiklerin oncusu olan geleneksel bitkisel ilaclarin tarihi cok eskilere dayanmaktadir. Gunumuzde resmi olarak onaylanmis ve yaygin olarak kullanilan ilaclarin bircogu bitkisel kaynaklardan etken maddelerin izole edilmesiyle uretilmektedir. Tabletler, kapsuller, suruplar, solusyonlar, dekoksiyonlar ve merhemler gibi geleneksel farmasotik dozaj formlari gunumuzde hala kullanilmasina ragmen, fitokimyasallarin absorpsiyonu, biyotransformasyonu ve stabilitesi ile ilgili problemler, bitkisel ilaclarin etkinligini, biyoyararlanimini ve bazi durumlarda guvenligini azaltmaktadir. Ayrica, geleneksel farmasotik dozaj formlari genellikle bitkisel bilesiklerin hemen salinmasini saglar. Gelismis ilac tasiyici sistemlerin kullanilmasi, bahsedilen sorunlarin ustesinden gelmek icin avantajlar sunmanin yani sira, minimum yan etkilerle iliskili maksimum etkinlik ile uzun sureli salim saglar. Yeni ilac tasiyici sistemler kullanilarak bitkisel formulasyonlarin gelistirilmesi uzerine yapilan arastirmalar dikkat cekmis ve nanoteknoloji tabanli sistemlerin kullanimina ayrica onem verilmistir. Nano ilac tasiyici sistemlerden biri de benzersiz ozelliklere sahip olan ve bu sayede enfeksiyon, alerji, romatizmal hastaliklar, enflamatuvar hastaliklar, kanser gibi farkli hastaliklarin of the nanofiber-based carrier systems to deliver herbal bio-actives through various drug application routes is overviewed.
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    DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF PROPOLIS-HPC/PVP ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS FOR POSSIBLE CUTANEOUS APPLICATIONS
    (Soc Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania, 2024) Esenturk-Guzel, Imren; Yapar, Evren Algin; Cavalu, Simona; Seker, Brahim Tugkan; Inal, Ebrar; Kartal, Murat; Koc, Rabia Cakir
    The aim of the study was to prepare propolis loaded hydroxypropyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (HPC/PVP) nanofibers, suitable for cutaneous applications. LC-HRMS analyses were applied for the identification and quantification of the bio-compounds in the propolis extract. Electrospinning was applied in order to prepare propolis HPC/PVP nanofibers with increasing concentration of propolis 10%, 20% and 30 % (v/v) and subsequently characterized in terms of morphology, wettability, thermal degradation and biological properties. SEM images showed homogenous features of the nanofibers and average diameter between 197.2 - 268.4 nm, high antioxidant activity, very good biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity. Particularly, with the highest propolis concentration, 30-PE/HPC/PVP nanofiber formulation is a promising alternative to conventional treatments for cutaneous applications.
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    DEVELOPMENT OF HERBAL BIOACTIVE LOADED NANOPARTICLES FOR TOPICAL APPLICATION IN VITILIGO
    (Soc Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania, 2023) Abdo, Luceyn; Esenturk-Guzel, Imren; Topuzoglu, Sehernaz; Yurtsever, Asli Gurbuz; Erdal, Meryem Sedef; Yapar, Evren Algin
    Vitiligo is characterised by the appearance of white lesions on the skin, which are mainly caused by depigmentation of the skin due to the destruction of selective melanocytes. Ammi visnaga L. is a plant that grows widely in Mediterranean climate regions and khellin is one of its major components. Khellin stimulates the migration and proliferation of melanocytes in hair follicles. Both oral and dermal use of khellin is available, but some systemic side effects such as nausea and hepatotoxicity can be accompanied by oral administration. In the case of dermal application, poor skin penetration of khellin related to its lipophilicity needs to be overcome. In this study, khellin loaded cellulose acetate phthalate nanoparticles were developed to be used in the topical treatment of vitiligo by using Taguchi Orthogonal Array Design in the preliminary formulation studies. The characterization studies were carried out by determination of the size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles and in vitro drug release and ex vivo penetration studies were carried out to evaluate their performance. The optimum nanoparticle formulation was found as an average size of 217.8 nm, PDI value of 0.11, zeta potential of -18.4 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 34.2%. Khellin loaded nanoparticles released 75% of khellin during 24 hours in a controlled manner. In addition, incorporation of khellin nanoparticles into HPMC gel increased the amount of khellin accumulated in the deep layers of the skin.
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    Innovative drug carrier systems containing graphene
    (Marmara Univ, 2022) Akgun, Umut; Esenturk-Guzel, Imren; Algin Yapar, Eyren; Yurdasiper, Aysu; Buyukkayhan, Deqa
    Research on graphene and graphene oxide have increased in recent years due to their properties, which give advantages for drug delivery systems. They have hexagonal and two dimensional-2D structures with one atom thick. Drug delivery systems which include these molecules are able to go into cells and reach tissues and organs. Additionally, a high amount of drugs can be loaded due to their large surface area. Graphene oxide has functional groups that gain more ability to adsorption than graphene. Both of them are used for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes including medical imaging. They also both have antibacterial activity and graphene oxide has stronger activity than graphene. Due to its structural properties graphene oxide is more preferred in drug delivery studies. In this review studies of graphene and graphene oxide containing drug delivery systems have been overviewed.
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    Recent approaches in topical acne treatment and drug delivery
    (Marmara Univ, 2022) Gunaydin, Aysu; Esenturk-Guzel, Imren; Algin Yapar, Evren; Yurdasiper, Aysu
    Acne vulgaris is a widespread chronic disease of the hair follicles associated with the sebaceous glands. Disease factors include occlusion of follicles, hyperkeratinizations, keratin plug formation, enlargement of the sebum gland and increased sebum production. The selection of drugs to be applied in acne treatment is made according to criteria such as the degree of acne lesions, the preferred route of administration, and the patient's medical condition. With its large surface area, the skin is a high potential route for drug release, so topical agents have a wide range of uses. However, these agents often have disadvantages such as dry skin, peeling and skin irritation or bacterial resistance. In order to minimize these disadvantages, new drug delivery systems have been developed. Drug delivery systems are biocompatible systems that enable the transport of molecules for pharmaceutical applications. These systems are usually designed at nanometric and micrometric levels for purposes such as increasing site specificity and penetration. Topical drug delivery systems are preferred due to eliminating the need for systemic drug treatments, minimizing the total dose required to reach the targeted layers in the skin, and reducing side effects. Nanotechnological approaches such as particulate, vesicular, colloidal drug delivery systems and various other systems have an important place in the treatment of acne. These approaches offer significant opportunities for designing novel, low-dose and effective treatment systems to control acne. In this review, recent approaches to topical acne treatments and drug delivery have been overviewed.