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    Effects of long-term release GnRH agonist "deslorelin" on testicular HSP expression, accessory sex glands and testicular functions in adult male rats
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2019) Eski, Funda; Cetin, Nebi; Uslu, Sema; Uslu, Baris Atalay; Sendag, Sait; Yoruk, Mecit; Naseer, Zahid; Wehrend, Axel; Shakeel, Muhammad
    The objective of the present was to determine the effect of long-term release GnRH agonists "deslorelin" on suppression and restoration of testicular and accessory sex glands functions, and expression of HSP in testes of adult male rats. A group of twenty-eight male rats and fifty-six female rats were kept for eleven months. The male rats were subdivided into treatment (n = 18; deslorelin, an analogue of GnRH, 4.7 mg, S.C; six months) and control (n = 10; untreated), and the adult female rats were introduced with either treatment or control male rats at the 2nd, 6th and 11th months post implant insertion. At 6th month of deslorelin implants insertion, six male rats from treatment and five rats from control group were sacrificed. The remaining (twelve treatment and five control) male rats were sacrificed at 11 months. The testicular dimension were measured monthly in both treatment and control rats. The blood samples were collected for testosterone and HSP70 antibody, whereas, the testes and accessory glands were isolated for histological examination at each sacrificial time. The results showed that testicular dimension were significantly lesser in treatment group until 9 months post treatment. HSP70 protein expression was negligible at 6 months in treatment group but its intensity increased in spermatids 11 months of treatment similar to control group. Significantly lower testosterone concentrations with poor semen quality, and smaller litter size were observed in treatment group. The histological picture of accessory sex glands and seminiferous tubules shown a variable integrity in treatment group than control at 6 months implant insertion. In conclusion, the subcutaneous application of 4.7 mg of the GnRH-analogue deslorelin represents a practicable, like in the female rats, method to suppress testicular, accessory sex glands functions, testicular HSP expression and fertility in male rats. Moreover, the suppressive effects of deslorelin, continued until 11th months after removal of the implant. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    INVESTIGATION OF THE IMMUNOCASTRATION EFFICACY AND LONGEVITY OF A SINGLE DOSE GNRH VACCINE IN YOUNG MALE RATS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Eski, Funda; Mis, Leyla; Tasal, Ibrahim; Uslu, Baris Atalay; Comba, Bahat
    Conventionally, immunization protocol require an initial priming immunization followed by an antigen boost for adequate immunity and long-term immunization. In this study we were evaluate the immunocastration efficacy and longevity of immunization with a single-dose GnRH vaccine (Repro-Bloc (TM)) in young male rats. Rats in the vaccine group (VAC, n: 35) were treated with GnRH vaccine as single-dose (200 mu l) and the control group (C, n: 15) were also injected with saline solution. Blood samples from all rats were taken monthly for 6 months and at 12th month. GnRH antibody titers, testosterone and leptin levels were determined by commercial RIA kits. Rats at 6th and 12th months were sacrificed for histologic analysis of testes. GnRH antibody levels were found similar in the VAC and C groups (P>0.05) at -1 week. As compared to the C, GnRH antibody levels (pg/ml) of the VAC group at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th months rose continuously and reached the peak level at 5th month, decreased at 6th month and increased again by the 12th month (P<0.05), whereas in the C group GnRH antibodies weren't different (P>0.05). Compared to the unchanged testosterone levels within the process in C group, serum testosterone levels of the VAC group were lower at 2nd month and higher at 3th month, and thereafter lower (P<0.05). Leptin levels were no difference between groups (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the testicle weights, sperm motility, sperm numbers and abnormal sperm rates between VAC and C groups at 6th and 12th months (P< 0.05). Histological examination showed no significant difference in testes between groups at 6th and 12th months (P>0.05). In conclusion, although the vaccine reduced the germinative and endocrine testicular function from 6th months to 12th months with the single-dose GnRH vaccine, the single-dose vaccination did not provide adequate effect in the genital organs in male rats. Further studies are needed to determine an optimal single-dose, longevity of the vaccine and route of administration for complete suppression on the genital organs in different animal species.