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    Air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction of total 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol from refined edible oils based on a natural deep eutectic solvent and its determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    (Elsevier, 2021) Nemati, Mahboob; Altunay, Nail; Tuzen, Mustafa; Farajzadeh, Mir Ali; Nabil, Ali Akbar Alizadeh; Lotfipour, Farzaneh; Mogaddam, Mohammad Reza Afshar
    In this paper, a fast, sensitive, and selective sample preparation procedure was presented for the determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in refined edible oils using gas chromatographymass spectrometry. In this method, firstly, the sample lipids and analyte fatty esters are saponified by sodium hydroxide under sonication. After that the analyte was derivatized using phenylboronic acid (as the derivatization agent) and the obtained derivative was extracted during an air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction procedure (AALLME). Six different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared as the extraction solvents and the most effective extraction for 3-MCPD was obtained in the presence of a natural DES (NDES) consisting of choline chloride (ChCl)-acetic acid (AcOH). Important variables such as sodium hydroxide concentration and volume, sonication time, temperature, extraction solvent type and volume, and phenylboronic acid concentration and volume have been optimized. Using the optimum conditions, broad linear range (0.88-1000 ng g(-1)), suitable coefficient of determination (0.995), and low limits of detection (0.26 ng g(-1)) and quantification (0.88 ng g(-1)) were obtained. Relative standard deviations for intra- (n=8) and inter-day (n=6) precisions at a concentration of 5 ng g(-1) were 2.6 and 3.2%, respectively. The developed method has been successfully applied to 3-MCPD determination in refined edible oil samples including sunflower, corn, and canola oils. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Combination of doped amorphous carbon based dispersive solid phase extraction with ionic liquid-based DLLME for the extraction of aromatic amines from leather industries wastewater; Theoretical and experimental insights
    (Elsevier, 2023) Nemati, Mahboob; Farajzadeh, Mir Ali; Altunay, Nail; Tuzen, Mustafa; Kaya, Sava; Maslov, Mikhail M.; Mogaddam, Mohammad Reza Afshar
    In the present investigation, combination of dispersive solid phase extraction with ionic liquid-based dis-persive liquid-liquid microextraction was used for the extraction of several aromatic amines from leather industries wastewater. In this approach, initially, N and S doped carbon was used for the adsorption of the analytes from the sample solution and then they were concentrated by the subsequent microex-traction step. Determination of the extracted analytes was performed using high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector. The sorbent contact area with the sample solution was enhanced by performing aspiration/dispersion cycles. In the microextraction procedure, the analytes were enriched into a few microliters of an ionic liquid. Also, interactions between some ionic liquids and the studied aromatic amines were analyzed in the light of performed density-functional theory calculations. The cal-culated quantum chemical parameters and binding energies for the interactions between ionic liquids of the selected amines showed that the analytes interact powerful with the mentioned ionic liquids and it favorite for the method. The optimized method validation was followed by evaluating several figures of merit and the obtained data showed that limits of detection and quantification, precision (expressed as relative standard deviation), enrichment factor, and extraction recovery were in the ranges of 0.25- 0.71 and 0.86-2.4 ng/mL, 3.9-5.2%, 252-312, and 63-78%, respectively. The introduced approach was used in determination of the analytes in the wastewater samples collected from leather manufacturers and p-anisidine, p-chloroaniline, and diethylaniline were determined in them, successfully.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Experimental and density functional theory studies during a new solid phase extraction of phenolic compounds from wastewater samples prior to GC-MS determination
    (Elsevier, 2022) Farajzadeh, Mir Ali; Nemati, Mahboob; Altunay, Nail; Tuzen, Mustafa; Kaya, Savas; Kheradmand, Farzad; Mogaddam, Mohammad Reza Afshar
    In this work a commercial polymer-based dispersive solid phase extraction approach has been used in phenolic compounds extraction from wastewater samples. In the extraction procedure, firstly the sorbent (poly-vinylpyrrolidone) forms a homogenous solution with aqueous phase contacting the analytes and then its solubility was decreased by adding sodium chloride which leads to its dispersion into the aqueous solution as tiny particles. During this step, the investigated phenolic compounds were adsorbed onto the polymer. Then, a deep eutectic solvent synthesized from choline chloride and alpha-terpineol was used for elution of the compounds from the polymer surface. Optimization of the effective factors showed that the subsequent conditions are suitable for extraction of the analytes: sorbent (polyvinylpyrrolidone) amount, 125 mg; sample solution pH, 4; NaCl concentration, 20%, w/v; and desorption solvent volume, 75 mu L. Acceptable figures of merit consist of limits of detection and quantification in the ranges of (0.13-0.36 ng/mL and 0.43-1.2 ng/mL, relative standard deviations <= 6%, and extraction recovery and enrichment factor in the ranges of 60-92% and 80-122 were obtained. The powers of the interactions between the studied chemical species were analyzed with the help of Conceptual Density Functional Theory calculations and important quantum chemical parameters related to the chemical reactivity. The obtained theoretical data were in a good agreement with experimental observations.
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    Experimental and theoretical observations in a mixed mode dispersive solid phase extraction of exogenous surfactants from exhaled breath condensate prior to HPLC-MS/MS analysis
    (Elsevier, 2023) Khoubnasabjafari, Maryam; Altunay, Nail; Tuzen, Mustafa; Katin, Konstantin P.; Farajzadeh, Mir Ali; Kaya, Savas; Hosseini, Mohamadbagher
    A mixed mode dispersive solid phase extraction method was introduced for the extraction of three lung surfactants from exhaled breath condensate samples. Considering the trends to green analytical chemistry, organic polymers including polystyrene (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA-15 K), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA-45 K) were utilized as the sorbent for extraction of the analytes. The extraction capability for each polymer toward the studied analytes was evaluated using simplex centroid design. Based on the results, a mixture of sorbents consisting of PS, PMMA-15 K, and PMMA-45 K mixture with the mass ratio of 1:2:1: w/w/w was selected as the suitable sorbent. The effective parameters influencing the method's efficiency were investigated and optimized. Based on the figure of merit for the developed method, the calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 0.76-10 0 0 ng mL -1 and limits of detection were from 0.09 to 0.19 ng mL -1 . The method repeatability was investigated at three concentrations as inter- and intra-day precisions and the obtained data showed that they were in the ranges of 5.2-9.1 and 4.2-8.9%, respectively. The enrichment factors were in the range of 88-100. The developed method was successfully employed in the analysis of the surfactants in the exhaled breath samples of three premature infants collected from the expiratory circuits of the mechanical ventilators. The nature of the chemical interactions with PMMA-PS complex system of the surfactants was investigated through Density Functional Theory calculations. Calculated binding energies showed that PMMA-PS complex system exhibit high performance in the extraction of lung surfactants. The most powerful interaction is between PMMA-PS complex system and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylsn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    In-situ sorbent formation for the extraction of pesticides from honey
    (Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2022) Nemati, Mahboob; Altunay, Nail; Tuzen, Mustafa; Farajzadeh, Mir Ali; Afshar Mogaddam, Mohammad Reza
    An organic polymer was re-precipitated in solution to use as an adsorbent in dispersive solid-phase extraction of some pesticides from honey samples prior to their determination by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In this approach, different deep eutectic solvents were prepared using lysine and their ability in elution of the analytes from the adsorbent surface was tested. A diluted honey solution was transferred into a glass test tube and then a solution of polystyrene dissolved in dimethylformamide was injected into the solution. By doing this, polystyrene is re-precipitated in the solution and dispersed in whole parts of it as many tiny particles. Then the mixture was centrifuged and the adsorbed analytes on the particles were eluted using a proper hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent. The central composite design approach was used for the optimization of effective parameters. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.06-0.20 and 0.22-0.69 ng/g, respectively. The calibration curves obtained by matrix-matched standard solutions were linear in the range of 0.69-500 ng/g with a coefficient of determinations >= 0.9962. The method provided high extraction recoveries (70%-99%) and enrichment factors (140-198), and an acceptable precision (relative standard deviations <= 7.1%).