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    The Comparison of Flexibility and Isokinetic Shoulder Strength in Wheelchair and Able-bodied Basketball Players
    (2020) Çobanoğlu, Gamze; Güzel, Nevin Atalay; Seven, Barış; Kafa, Nihan; Keklik, Sinem Suner; Savaş, Seyfi
    Objective: The objective of this study is to compare theflexibility and strength of shoulder rotator cuff muscle of wheelchair basketball players (WBP), able-bodied basketball players (AB-BP) andhealthy sedentary individuals. Material and Method: We included 17WBP (in the age group of 22.5–39 years and a mean age of 28 years), 18AB-BP (in the age group of 19.5–22 years and a mean age of 21.5 years),and 17 sedentary individuals (in the age group of 25–29 years and a meanage of 26 years) as a control group (CG) in this study. We evaluated flexibility via Apley’s scratch test. Moreover, we measured the strength of theexternal rotator (ER) and internal rotator (IR) muscles with Cybex isokinetic dynamometer. Results: Apley’s scratch test showed a significantdifference among the three groups (p<0.05). The flexibility of shoulderrotator cuff muscle of WBP was found to be comparatively low than thatof AB-BP and CG. There was a significant difference in terms of concentric–eccentric ER and IR muscles strength (p<0.05); however, therewas no difference in terms of ER/IR ratio among the groups (p>0.05).Although there was no significant difference in terms of ER/IR ratio, thisratio was found to be lower in WBP than the normative values. The concentric-eccentric strength of shoulder rotator cuff muscles of WBP andAB-BP were similar and higher than those of CG. Conclusion: Inadequate flexibility and rotator cuff muscle imbalance are very important interms of injury risk. To reduce the risk of injury and improve athletic performance, these parameters should be evaluated and necessary exercisesshould be included in the programs in case of any deficits. Exercise forstretching the shoulder ER and IR muscles should be added in the training programs of WBP. Additionally, the exercises for strengthening theER muscle groups should also be included in the WBPs’ training programs to achieve the normative value.