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Öğe Antioxidant activities, metal contents, total phenolics and flavonoids of seven Morchella species(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2009) Gursoy, Nevcihan; Sarikurkcu, Cengiz; Cengiz, Mustafa; Solak, M. HalilSeven Morchella species were analyzed for their antioxidant activities in different test systems namely beta-carotene/linoleic acid, DPPH, reducing power, chelating effect and scavenging effect (%) on the stable ABTS(center dot+), in addition to their heavy metals, total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In beta-carotene/linoleic acid system, the most active mushrooms were M. esculenta var. umbrina and M. angusticeps. In the case of DPPH, methanol extract of M. conica showed high antioxidant activity. The reducing power of the methanol extracts of mushrooms increased with concentration. Chelating capacity of the extracts was also increased with the concentration. On the other hand. in 40 mu g ml(-1) concentration, methanol extract of M. conica, exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity (78.66 +/- 2.07%) when reacted with the ABTS(center dot+) radical. Amounts of seven elements (Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, Fe, Ca, and Mg) and five heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Al) were also determined in all species. M. conica was found to have the highest phenolic content among the samples. Flavonoid content of M. rotunda was also found superior (0.59 +/- 0.01 mu g QEs/mg extract). 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Assessing the cooking and quality traits diversity in the seeds of faba bean germplasm(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) cilesiz, Yeter; Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Gursoy, Nevcihan; Kul, Raziye; Karakoy, TolgaFaba bean is protein-enriched legume crop consumed in the form of pods, and cooked seeds and is a part of the traditional food of many Mediterranean countries. It shows variations in its phenotypes, especially in seed size and color. Therefore, it is very important to investigate faba bean genotypes having less cooking time. Keeping this in view, a total of 399 faba bean accessions including three commercial varieties were obtained from International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and Aegean Agricultural Research Institute National Gene Bank for the investigation of cooking traits variations. The field experiments were conducted according to the augmented block design in three provinces (Sivas, Adana, and Izmir) of Turkiye for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018). A good range of variations was observed for all studied traits and the mean cooking time was 114.16 min. Izmir10 had better cooking properties due to its shorter cooking time than other cultivars and landraces. Higher values of the swelling index revealed the higher swelling ability of Balikesir74. Correlation analysis was performed and swelling capacity showed significant and positive correlations with swelling index and hydration capacity at a significance level of p = 0.05. As this germplasm was collected from 45 provinces, the landrace from Sanliurfa reflected minimum cooking time and maximum swelling capacity. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed and the 1st five PCs accounted for a total of 100.00% variations. Biplot analysis resulted in a total of 63.02% variations and the studied germplasm was divided based on cooking time, hydration capacity, and swelling capacity. Izmir10 showed minimum cooking time, it should be also used as a candidate parent to develop faba bean cultivars requiring lesser cooking time to save time and energy. We believe that the results presented herein will be very helpful for the faba bean breeding community interested in quality and cooking traits.Öğe Changes in spontaneous contractions of rat ileum by aflatoxin in vitro(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2008) Gursoy, Nevcihan; Sarac, Bulent; Durmus, Nedim; Parlak, Ahmet; Yildirim, Sahin; Kaya, Tijen; Bagcivan, IhsanAflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus nomius as secondary metabolites. Most of the studies on the aflatoxins have focused mainly on their chronic toxic effects but aflatoxins have also a lot of acute effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. In this study the acute gastrointestinal effects of the aflatoxins on rat isolated ileum and the possible mechanisms underlying contractile responses to them were investigated. Aflatoxin increased both of the amplitude and the frequency of spontaneous contractions in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with a cholinergic system inhibitor, atropine sulfate (23.6 nM), a specific sodium-channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (0.3 mu M) and an inhibitor of ACh release from terminal motor neurons, morphine (0.3 mu M) decreased both of aflatoxin induced spontaneous contractions' amplitude and frequency, in contrast a nicotinic ganglionic blocker, hexamethonium chloride (55 mu M) did not change the aflatoxin effect. But the decrease of amplitude was more than the frequency in the presence of these antagonists. In conclusion, these findings of aflatoxin on isolated rat ileum may explain their acute gastrointestinal effects in humans and animals. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oils of Salvia palaestina (Bentham) and S. ceratophylla (L.)(ACG PUBLICATIONS, 2012) Gursoy, Nevcihan; Tepe, Bektas; Akpulat, H. AskinThis study is designed to examine the chemical composition and in-vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oils of Salvia palaestina (Bentham) and S. ceratophylla (L.). GC-EIMS analyses of the essential oils were resulted in the determination 70 and 53 different compounds, representing 92.50% and 95.80% of the total oils, respectively. In S. palaestina oil, the major compounds were caryophyllene oxide (16.1%) and (E)-caryophyllene (4.5%). In S. ceratophylla oil, gamma-muurolene (11.4%) and alpha-pinene (7.6%) were the major compounds. Antioxidant activities of the samples were determined by four different test systems namely beta-carotene/linoleic acid, DPPH, reducing power and chelating effect. In all systems, S. palaestina oil showed greater activity profile than that of S. ceratophylla. None of the essential oils showed metal chelating effect.Öğe Determination of In Vitro Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Properties and Total Phenolic Contents of Ziziphora clinopodioides, Cyclotrichium niveum, and Mentha longifolia ssp typhoides var. typhoides(MARY ANN LIEBERT INC, 2009) Gursoy, Nevcihan; Sihoglu-Tepe, Arzuhan; Tepe, BektasThe aerial parts of Ziziphora clinopodioides, Cyclotrichium niveum, and Mentha longifolia ssp. typhoides var. typhoides were screened for their possible antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in addition to their penolic contents. Antioxidant activity was employed by two complementary test systems: 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging and beta-carotene/linoleic acid. In the first case, Z. clinopodioides was superior to the other species with a 50% inhibitory concentration value of 37.73 +/- 1.18 mu g/mg. Similar results were obtained from the b- carotene/linoleic acid system. Inhibition capacity of the linoleic acid of Z. clinopodioides was 83.56 +/- 1.19%. Additionally, antioxidant activities of butylated hydroxytoluene, curcumin, and ascorbic acid were determined in parallel experiments. Methanol extracts obtained from the plants studied were found to have moderate antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms tested. In general, Z. clinopodioides extract exhibited stronger activity than the other extracts. On the other hand, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Candida krusei were the most sensitive microorganisms for the all extracts. The amount of the total phenolics was highest in Z. clinopodioides extract (129.55 +/- 2.26 mu g/mg),followed by M. longifolia ssp. typhoides var. typhoides (93.47 +/- 1.84 mu g/mg). It is extremely important to note that there is a positive correlation between antioxidant activity potential and amount of phenolic compounds.Öğe Determination of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidative Properties and Total Phenolics of Two "Endemic" Lamiaceae Species from Turkey: Ballota rotundifolia L. and Teucrium chamaedrys C. Koch(SPRINGER, 2009) Gursoy, Nevcihan; Tepe, BektasThis study was designed to examine the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and the amount of total phenolics of the methanol extracts of Ballota rotundifolia L. and Teucrium chamaedrys C. Koch. In the case of antimicrobial activity tests, polar sub-fractions of the methanol extracts of plant species exhibited weakest antimicrobial activity when compared with the non-polar ones. While, non-polar sub-fraction of B. rotundifolia showed moderate activity against A. lwoffii, C. perfringens and the yeasts, T. chamaedrys performed excellent activity pattern against all of the tested microorganisms. The sub-fractions were also screened for their possible antioxidant activities by two complementary tests, namely DPPH free radical-scavenging and beta-carotene/linoleic acid assays. Non-polar extracts of the plant species remained inactive in both test systems. On the other hand polar extracts showed remarkable antioxidant activities. In DPPH system, free radical scavenging effect of T. chamaedrys was measured as 18.00 +/- 1.42 A mu g.mg(-1). It is extremely important to point out that, polar sub-fraction of T. chamaedrys is found as effective as the positive control BHT. Non-polar sub-fraction of T. chamaedrys found to have the highest total phenolic amount (97.12 A +/- 1.28 mu g/mg). Results obtained from this experiment confirm the relationship between the amount of phenolics and biological activities.Öğe Development of a vortex-assisted switchable-hydrophilicity solvent-based liquid phase microextraction for fast and reliable extraction of Zn (II), Fe (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) from various baby food products(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Ul Haq, Hameed; Elik, Adil; Isci, Gursel; Ekici, Merve; Gursoy, Nevcihan; Boczkaj, Grzegorz; Altunay, NailThis manuscript describes the development of a novel liquid phase microextraction (LPME) method for the extraction and determination of Zn (II), Fe (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) in various infant/baby food and supplements products. The method is based on vortex -assisted extraction combined with a switchable-hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) sample preparation. The SHS, which undergoes reversible phase changes triggered by pH change, enables selective extraction and easy phase separation. A flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used in the final determination step. Optimization studies revealed, that the optimal pH of the sample solution (after digestion) during analytes extraction is 5.5. A L-proline is added to the sample (375 mM) to ensure the complexation of the target metal cations. After the complexation step, 750 mu L of SHS - a N, N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine along with 0.9 mL of 2 M of acetic acid solution is added (hydrophilicity switch -on stage) and mixed manually to obtain a homogeneous solution. In the last stage, 0.45 mL of 10 M NaOH solution (hydrophilicity switch -off stage) is added to the sample solution and a vortex for 100 s is applied to ensure the effective extraction and separation of the complex containing the analytes. At this stage, a cloudy solution is immediately obtained. Finally, the effective phase separation is obtained at the centrifugation step (4000 rpm for 2 mins). The method limit of detection was as 0.03, 0.009, 0.6, and 0.2 ng/L for Zn (II), Fe (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II) respectively with RSD% below 2.0 %. The analysis of certified reference materials and real samples proved the full applicability of the method for routine analysis, contributing to the field of heavy metal analysis and ensuring the safety of baby products. According to the AGREE methodology, this method can be named as green analytical chemistry method with a score of 0.77.Öğe Effective UO22+ removal from aqueous solutions using lichen biomass as a natural and low-cost biosorbent(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2019) Gul, Ulkuye Dudu; Senol, Zeynep Mine; Gursoy, Nevcihan; Simsek, SelcukThe UO22+ biosorption properties of a lichen, Evernia prunasui, from aqueous solutions were investigated. The widely occurring lichen samples were collected from the forest in Bilecik-Turkey. The UO22+ biosorption onto lichen was characterized by FT-IR and SEM-EDX analysis techniques before and after biosorption. The effects of the solution pH, biosorbent dosage, UO22+ concentration, contact time, and temperature on UO22+ biosorption on lichen sample were studied by using the batch method. The isotherm experimental data were described using isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin Radushkevich. The maximum UO22+ biosorption capacity of the lichen sample was estimated by the Langmuir equation to be 0.270 mol kg(-1). The adsorption energy from the Dubin Radushkevich model was found to be 8.24 kJ mol(-1). Kinetic data determined that the biosorption was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic findings showed that the biosorption process was endothermic, entropy increased and spontaneous. In conclusion, the lichen appears to be a promising biosorbent for the removal of UO22+ ions from aqueous solutions because of high biosorption capacity, easy usability, low cost, and high reusability performance.Öğe The effects of bifidobacterium lactis and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) on ileum and distal colon motility: In vitro study(ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2011) Gursoy, NevcihanTwenty one male Wistar albino rats each weighing approximately 280 g were used in this study. Animals were divided into three groups. The first group (n = 7) consisted of sham controls, in the second (n = 7), rats were administrated 0.1 g/1 ml/galactooligosaccharide by by oral gavage for 4 weeks. In the third group (n = 7), rats were administrated 10(9) CFU/1ml/day Bifidobacterium lactis by oral gavage for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, rats were sacrified; ileum and proximal colon segments were removed. The spontaneous contractions of ileum and proximal colon were evaluated by using organ bath. It has been detected that both prebiotics and probiotics increased intestinal motility. While probiotics have effects on both ileum and proximal colon, prebiotics seem to be effective in colon. All data are expressed as mean +/- SEM (standard error of mean). Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using general linear models of analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Turkey test.Öğe Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of 3 Edible Mushrooms: Ramaria flava (Schaef.: Fr.) Quel., Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) TM Fries., and Russula delica Fr.(KOREAN SOCIETY FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-KOSFOST, 2010) Gursoy, Nevcihan; Sarikurkcu, Cengiz; Tepe, Bektas; Solak, M. HalilThe methanolic extracts of Ramaria flava, Rhizopogon roseolus", and Russula delica were analyzed for their antioxidant, activities in different test systems including. beta-carotene/linoleic acid, 1.1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, reducing power, and metal chelating activities in addition to their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In the first case, methanol extract of R. roseolus showed the strongest activity. In DPPH system, the scavenging effects increased with the concentration. The reducing power of the mushroom also increased with concentration. Chelating effect was 96.75 +/- 0.28% for R. flava In the case of total phenolic and flavonoid assays, R. flaw found to have the highest phenolic content. Total flavonoid content of R. flava again found the superior to the other mushrooms. Experimental results indicate that the mushroom species evaluated here can be consumed safely. On the other hand, knowing the biological activity of these mushrooms will contribute to the establishment of conscious consumption.Öğe EVALUATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE PEEL OIL OF CITRUS NOBILIS(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2010) Gursoy, Nevcihan; Tepe, Bektas; Sokmen, MunevverPeel oil of Citrus nobilis (Lour) was analyzed for determining its chemical composition. Fourteen identified components accounted for 99.1% (GC) and 100.0% (FID) of the total oil. Major component of the oil was limonene (76.8%-GC and 86.2%-FID). Essential oil was also evaluated for its antioxidant activity in four complementary test systems namely; beta-carotene/linoleic acid, DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activities. In the first system, antioxidant activity increased with the increasing concentration. At 20.0 mg.ml(-1) concentration, antioxidant property of the oil was 96.8% +/- 0.2 and as strong as the positive controls BHT and alpha-tocopherol. Scavenging effect of the oil was superior to the positive controls BHT and alpha-tocopherol at 1.5 mg.ml(-1) concentration (96.4% +/- 0.1). Reducing power and chelating effect of the essential oil increased with the increasing concentration.Öğe Investigation of acute effects of aflatoxin on rat proximal and distal colon spontaneous contractions(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2008) Gursoy, Nevcihan; Durmus, Nedim; Bagcivan, Ihsan; Sarac, Bulent; Parlak, Ahmet; Yildirim, Sahin; Kaya, TijenAflatoxins are one of the most potent toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, cancerogenic, and immunosuppresive substances that naturally Occurring contaminants of food. There are some studies in various animal species that have reported aflatoxin effects on gastrointestinal systems, but acute effects of aflatoxins have not been clearly investigated. In this Study, we aimed to investigate the acute gastrointestinal effects of total aflatoxin on rat isolated proximal and distal colon. Aflatoxin was given cumulatively at 10(-8) - 10(-5) M concentrations and the amplitude and frequency of proximal and distal colon contractions were increased significantly. In the presence of atropine Sulfate (23.6 nM) and morphine (0.3 mu M) the amplitude and frequency of anatoxin induced spontan contractions in the proximal and distal colon decreased significantly, on the other hand, L-NNA (0.3 mu m) increased contractions' amplitude and frequency significantly in the proximal colon but not in the distal colon. In conclusion, aflatoxin may increase the amplitude and frequency of contractions by increasing muscarinic activity or by decreasing NO synthase and/or release in Proximal colon and by increasing muscarinic activity in the distal colon. These findings of aflatoxin on isolated rat proximal and distal colon may explain their acute gastrointestinal effects in humans and animals. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Optimization and application of ultrasound-assisted sugar based deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination and extraction of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples(Elsevier, 2022) Gursoy, Nevcihan; Sirtbasi, Busra; Simsek, Selcuk; Elik, Adil; Altunay, NailThis study presents an ultrasound-assisted sugar based deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction procedure (UA sugar-DES DLLME) for the extraction of aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)) in milk samples prior to its determination by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Also, in this approach, different sugar based deep eutectic solvents were prepared and their ability in extraction and separation of the AFM(1) from the samples were investigated. The UA sugar-DES DLLME procedure consists of three steps. In the first step, pyrogallol and sugar based-DES solutions were added to the sample solution at pH 3.8. In the second step, ultrasound was applied to the solution obtained and the AFM(1) were extracted into the UA sugar based-DES phase. In the final step, the resulting mixture was centrifuged and the sediment phase was separated from the mixture. After the micro-extraction, the sediment phase was analyzed at 279 nm by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. In order to obtain reli-able, accurate and precise analytical results, the effective microextraction parameters were investigated and optimized using response surface methodology. Under optimum conditions, detection limit, extraction recovery, and enrichment factor were 6.1 ng L-1, 91 +/- 3-107 +/- 6%, and 328, respectively. Intraday and inter-day studies were performed at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 ng L-1 of the AFM(1) for the precision of the UA sugar-DES DLLME procedure. The intraday and inter-day precision results ranged from 3.3 to 5.1% and 4.1-6.2%, respectively. Also, it was successfully used for determination of the selected milks.Öğe Removal of food dyes from aqueous solution by chitosan-vermiculite beads(Elsevier, 2020) Senol, Zeynep Mine; Gursoy, Nevcihan; Simsek, Selcuk; Ozer, Ali; Karakus, NihatIn this study, Chitosan (Ch)-Vermiculite (V) composite beads material which is a low-cost and naturally effective adsorbent were used for efficient removal of Sunset Yellow FCF (Sy) and Brilliant Blue FCF (Bb) food dyes from aqueous solution. Ch-V composite beads were characterized by using FTIR, SEM, XRD and PZC analysis. The adsorbent properties of Ch-V composite beads for Sy and Bb dyes were evaluated in terms of pH, concentration, kinetic (time) and thermodynamic (temperature) of adsorption. The experimental data presented were obtained from Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity for the Langmuir equation was found to be 0387 mol kg(-1) for Sy and 0229 mol kg(-1) for Bb, respectively. The results showed that the experimental data were better fit the Langmiur model for Sy and the Freundlich model for Bb. Adsorption energies obtained from DR model for Sy and Bb showed that adsorption processes were chemically. The pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion models of adsorption kinetics are in accordance with Sy and Bb. As a result of thermodynamic evaluation of Sy and Bb adsorption, it was found that adsorption processes were endothermic, entropy increased and reaction was spontaneous. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Sequential determination of serum viral titers, virus-specific IgG antibodies, and TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-gamma levels in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever(BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2014) Kaya, Safak; Elaldi, Nazif; Kubar, Ayhan; Gursoy, Nevcihan; Yilmaz, Meral; Karakus, Gulderen; Gunes, Turabi; Polat, Zubeyde; Gozel, Mustafa Gokhan; Engin, Aynur; Dokmetas, Ilyas; Bakir, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Neziha; Sencan, MehmetBackground: Although there have been a number of studies on the pathogenesis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) recently, knowledge on this topic is still insufficient. This study aims to reveal the kinetics of serum CCHF virus (CCHFV) titers, serum levels of anti-CCHFV immunoglobulin (Ig) G, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and interferon (IFN)-gamma in CCHF patients. Methods: In total, 31 CCHF cases (11 fatal) were studied. Serum samples were obtained daily from all patients from the time of admission and continued for a 7-day hospitalization period for serologic (ELISA), virologic (real-time PCR), and cytokine (ELISA) analysis. Results: The mean serum CCHFV titer at admission was 5.5E + 09 copies/mL in fatal cases and 5.7E + 08 copies/mL in survivors (p < 0.001). Compared to survivors, both the mean serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha at admission were found to be significantly increased in fatal cases. The serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha and serum CCHFV titer at admission were significantly and positively correlated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) scores (r = 0.626, p = 0.0002; r = 0.461, p = 0.009; and r = 0.625, p = 0.003, respectively). When the data obtained from the sequential determination of CCHFV titer and levels of anti-CCHFV IgG, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IFN-gamma were grouped according to the days of illness, the initial serum CCHFV titer of a fatal patient was 5.5E + 09 (copies/mL) and it was 6.1E + 09 (copies/mL) in a survivor on the 2 day of illness. While significant alterations were observed in all cytokines during the monitoring period, IL-6 levels remained consistently higher in fatal cases and TNF-alpha levels increased in both in fatal and non-fatal CCHF cases. Conclusions: The increased CCHFV load and higher concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, the presence of DIC, and the absence of CCHFV specific immunity are strongly associated with death in CCHF.Öğe Spectrophotometric determination of aflatoxin B1 in food sample: Chemometric optimization and theoretical supports for reaction mechanisms and binding regions(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2020) Altunay, Nail; Katin, Konstantin P.; Gursoy, Nevcihan; Elik, Adil; Simsek, Selcuk; Kaya, SavasA green, simple, and cheap analytical approach for extraction, preconcentration, and determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in food samples based on vortex-assisted room temperature ionic liquid-based microextraction (VA-RTIL-ME) was presented. Important parameters including pH, metal amount, ligand amount and vortex time were optimized by using Box-Behnken design. At pH = 5.6, a ternary complex between Zn(II), fluorescein and AFB1 was formed, and extracted into the fine droplets of Tri-n-butyl phosphate (room temperature ionic liquid, extraction solvent) which were dispersed with a vortex (disperser solvent) into the extraction solution. Quantum chemical parameters and tools are widely used to predict the reaction mechanisms of interactions and binding regions of molecules. Via calculated quantum chemical parameters and energy calculations, reactions mechanisms and binding regions for studied molecules were highlighted. Under optimized conditions, linear range, limit detection, enrichment factor were 3-500 ng mL(-1), 0.9 ng mL(-1) and 140, respectively. Detailed validation studies (accuracy, precision, measurement uncertainty, selectivity, robustness..etc.) were performed under optimum experimental conditions. The good recoveries (93.9-104.3%) and low relative standard deviation (RSD%, 1.5-3.0%) were a good remark of the proposed method. For the reliability of analytical results, the results obtained with the developed method were compared with the standard ELISA test for AFB1. The developed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of AFB1 in food samples.Öğe Sustainable vortex assisted liquid phase microextraction based on fatty acid switchable solvent for selective and accurate analysis of manganese in food samples(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Elik, Adil; Gursoy, Nevcihan; Altunay, NailIn this research article, a sustainable fatty acids switchable solvent based vortex assisted liquid phase microextraction (SS-VA-LPME) method coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was developed for the selective and accurate analysis of manganese (Mn) in food samples. Five fatty acid-SS were prepared for the selective extraction of Mn(II) ions. Microextraction conditions of the SS-VA-LPME /FAAS method were systematically optimized to maximize the extraction recovery of Mn. Under optimum conditions, linear range, limit of detection and preconcentration factor were calculated as 1-200, 0.3 ng mL-1 and 150, respectively. Also, the calibration equation of the SS-VA-LPME/FAAS method was A = 0.054 [Mn(II), ng mL-1] + 0.0026 with 0.9986 of correlation coefficient. Validation of the SS-VA-LPME/FAAS was investigated by analysis of three reference materials. The SS-VA-LPME/FAAS method was validated with good inter and intra-day precision (3.9 <= %), and quantitative recoveries (92.7-98.6%). The applicability of the SS-VA-LPME/FAAS method was tested by spiking food samples prepared by microwave digestion with Mn(II) solution and the recoveries were from 89 +/- 8 to 98 +/- 4%.
