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    The effect of chlorhexidin application on repair bond strenght of bulk-fill and nanofilled composites
    (Selcuk University, 2018) Kılıç, Vahti; Hürmüzlü, Feridun
    Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine application on the repair bond strength of nanofilled and bulk-fill composites.Methods: 160 cavities were prepared on acrylic blocks. Half of the cavities were filled with nanofilled composites while half were filled with bulk-fill composites. All samples were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 1 week, and then samples of each restorative material were divided into 2 experimental groups. In Group 1, the samples were exposed to chlorhexidine for 60 seconds. In Group 2, there was no application (control). Appropriate adhesives of restorative materials were applied as intermediate repair agents in both groups. Half of the samples from each group were exposed to the pre-test thermal cycle (5000 cycles, 5-55ºC, residence time of 30 seconds, transfer time of 15 seconds); the other half was immediately taken to the test and evaluated by repair bond strength shear test. Two-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the shear bond strength of the experimental groups. Significance level (p<0.05) was taken. The failure types formed after shear test were examined by optical loop and divided into groups. Failure types were also displayed with a Scanning Electron Microscope.Results: Chlorhexidine and thermal cycling did not significantly affect repair bond strength (p> 0.05). Bulk-fill composites showed lower repair bond strength. Mix type failures are the most common type.Conclusion: Chlorhexidine and additionally applied thermal cycle within the limits of this in vitro study did not affect the repair bond strength of bulk-fill and nanofilled composites.
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    The Effect of Food-Simulating Liquids and Thermal Aging on Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Bulk-Fill and Conventional Composites
    (Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, 2023) Kılıç, Vahti; Hürmüzlü, Feridun; Kaptan, Alper
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of food-simulating liquids (FSLs) and thermal aging on the surface roughness and color stability of bulk-fill and conventional composites. Materials and Methods: A total of 320 disc-shaped samples were prepared, with 40 samples from each of 4 different bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk Fill, X-tra fil, Beautifil Bulk Restorative, and Estelite Bulk Fill Flow), and 4 conventional nano-filled composite resins (Filtek Z550, CeramX SphereTEC one, Admira, and Kalore). The prepared samples were randomly divided into subgroups for exposure to FSLs (ethanol, heptane, citric acid) and thermal cycling (TC) (n=10 per subgroup) for 28 days. Initial profilometric surface roughness measurements (Ra0) of all samples and AFM and SEM analyses of selected samples were followed by exposure to FSLs and TC. After completion of aging protocols, measurements and analyses were repeated to obtain the Ra1 (post-treatment surface roughness), and change in surface roughness (?Ra1-0) was then calculated. Subsequently, initial color measurement of the samples was conducted using a spectrophotometer, followed by immersion of the samples in a coffee solution for 24 hours. Color measurements were repeated, and color change (?E) was calculated. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare Ra0 and Ra1 values and one-way ANOVA for comparing ?Ra and ?E values. Post-hoc Tukey tests were employed for pairwise comparisons. The significance level was set at ?=.05. Results: While the surface roughness of bulk-fill composites was affected by the protocols applied (p<0.05), most of the conventional composites generally remained unaffected. Bulk-fill composites exhibited greater ?Ra and ?E values. The highest ?Ra and ?E values were observed in the Beautifil Bulk Restorative group, with the greatest discoloration seen after immersion in citric acid. Conclusions: Thermal cycling and immersion in FSLs affect surface roughness and color stability of composite resins depending on the content and structure of the composites. © This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License