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    DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF PROPOLIS-HPC/PVP ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS FOR POSSIBLE CUTANEOUS APPLICATIONS
    (Soc Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania, 2024) Esenturk-Guzel, Imren; Yapar, Evren Algin; Cavalu, Simona; Seker, Brahim Tugkan; Inal, Ebrar; Kartal, Murat; Koc, Rabia Cakir
    The aim of the study was to prepare propolis loaded hydroxypropyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (HPC/PVP) nanofibers, suitable for cutaneous applications. LC-HRMS analyses were applied for the identification and quantification of the bio-compounds in the propolis extract. Electrospinning was applied in order to prepare propolis HPC/PVP nanofibers with increasing concentration of propolis 10%, 20% and 30 % (v/v) and subsequently characterized in terms of morphology, wettability, thermal degradation and biological properties. SEM images showed homogenous features of the nanofibers and average diameter between 197.2 - 268.4 nm, high antioxidant activity, very good biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity. Particularly, with the highest propolis concentration, 30-PE/HPC/PVP nanofiber formulation is a promising alternative to conventional treatments for cutaneous applications.
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    Development of phytoactive essential oils-composed organogels against oral pathogens
    (Elsevier, 2024) Yapar, Evren Algin; Gokce, Evren H.; Sahiner, Asli; Inal, Ebrar; Ulusoy, Seyma; Souto, Eliana B.; Akanoglu, Beyza
    Gingivitis, one of the most common periodontal diseases, is the inflammation of the gingival tissues that causes swelling, tenderness, redness and bleeding. The treatment should contain anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant agents to decrease the risk of dental plaque formation and periodontal tissue damage in the inflammatory process. In line with the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant effects of the geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L'Her.) herb, common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) herb, and mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.) leaf, in this work we propose their use as active pharmaceutical ingredients of periodontal gels. The organogel formulations were produced either by microwave-assisted irradiation method or by the conventional approach (microwave-free), and further characterized for their physicochemical properties, antimicrobial efficacy and cell viability. Among them, the gel formulation containing 4 % geranium essential oil obtained by the conventional method was identified as the best candidate to be developed as an effective and safe alternative suitable for oromucosal applications.
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    Investigation of resveratrol and phenolic compounds of ethnomedicinal plant Polygonum cognatum Meissn. collected from Sivas
    (Marmara Univ, 2022) Inal, Ebrar; Ulusoy, Seyma; Algin Yapar, Evren; Sonmez Gurer, Eda; Yalcin, Sule; Kartal, Murat
    Polygonum cognatum Meissn., which is also known as madimak, solucanotu has been used in the Turkish folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases and has also been consumed in the dishes and salads by local people. It has even been the subject of a folk song, sung among the people in Sivas. In this study, it was aimed to examine the resveratrol and phenolic compounds that are valuable for health industry, in leaf and root extracts obtained from P. cognatum, which is widely distrubuted in Sivas. While resveratrol was investigated by using HPLC-PDA, the phenolic compounds were determined by using LC-HRMS. Results of analyses showed that resveratrol could not be detected in both leaf and root extracts, but both root and leaf extracts were quite rich in following phenolic compounds. While chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, rutin, and fumaric acid were the most abundant phenolic compounds detected from the leaf extract, the (+)-catechin, fumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid were the most abundant phenolic compounds in the root extract. As a conclusion, P. cognatum with its rich phenolic compounds content of the root and leaf parts are good candidates in terms of using in dietary supplements, health care and cosmetic products.
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    Phytoactive essential oils-composed water-free organogels: Development, characterization and proof of antibacterial activity
    (Elsevier, 2024) Yapar, Evren Algin; Gokce, Evren H.; Sahiner, Asli; Inal, Ebrar; Ulusoy, Seyma; Souto, Eliana B.; Akanoglu, Beyza
    The objective of this study was to develop and analyze a gel-like formulation that does not contain water, made from natural compounds found in essential oils, which are known for their antimicrobial properties and ability to reduce inflammation. Lentisk tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) grow in the mild climate of Eurasia and are receiving particular attention for their medicinal and aromatic value. Two distinct concentrations of selected essential oils (EOs) were tested, dispersed in organogels based on 3 % (m/V) Carbopol 974P NF in PEG 400. Prior to formulation development, selected EOs were characterized by mass spectroscopy to identify the dominating bioactives. A total of 32 compounds were quantified for lentisk leaf EO, 42 for yarrow EO, and 26 for myrtle leaf EO. The best formulations were found for the highest concentration of EOs (4 %, m/m) into Carbopol/PEG400 organogels. Organogels were produced by high-speed homogenization followed by microwave heating and showed acceptable pH between 5.8 and 6.0, being compatible with the skin, with an electrical conductivity highest for yarrow EO-based organogel (YIG4%, -64 mV), and the lowest for myrtle EO-based organogel (MIG4%, -48 mV). Texture analysis showed the highest adhesion properties for lentisk EO-based organogel (LIG4%), attributed to its higher viscosity recorded for the two tested temperatures (25 degrees C vs 37 degrees C). Rheological analysis confirmed that organogels have pseudoplastic behaviour. The antibacterial activity was compared between plain EOs and EOs-based organogels, with the yarrow EO and its organogel (YIG4%) depicting the highest activity against both tested bacterial strains (S. aureus and C. acnes). On the other hand, MIG4% contributed for the highest cell proliferation rate tested in a mouse embryo fibroblast cell line (3T3-L1), whereas with LIG4% the lowest viability value was recorded.