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    Comparison of methods investigating Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp. in stool samples of patients with diarrhea
    (Egyptian Parasitologists United Soc - Epu, 2023) Kafa, Ayse Huemeyra Taskin; Cubuk, Fatih; Aslan, Rukiye; Hasbek, Mursit
    Background: Intestinal protozoan infections (IPIs), common all over the world, are an important public health problem, especially in developing countries. Different diagnostic methods are used for the diagnosis of causative agents in diarrhea cases. Objective: This study aims to analyze results of direct microscopy, coproantigen detection test, and PCR technique in diagnosis of G. intestinalis, E. histolytica/dispar, and Cryptosporidium spp. in stool samples of patients with diarrhea. Subjects and Methods: Fresh stool samples were collected from 683 patients complaining of diarrhea, and simultaneously examined by direct microscopy, commercial rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for detection of coproantigens, and molecularly using PCR technique. Results: The overall detection rate of parasites was 3.7% by direct microscopy, 6.6% by RDTs and 2% by PCR technique. Moderate, and weak fits were recorded between direct microscopy and RDTs results (Kappa=0.46, P<0.001), and between direct microscopy and PCR technique results (Kappa=0.236, P<0.001), respectively. No fit (Kappa=0.108, P=0.001) was recorded between coproantigen detection test and PCR technique results. Conclusion: It was concluded that direct microscopy and RDTs will be the correct approach in the first instance in the suspicion of IPIs. Despite high cost of PCR technique, it should be considered in differentiation between pathogenic and non-pathogenic amoeba, and genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp.
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    Design, synthesis, in vitro and computational analyses of anticancer nicotinamide derivatives
    (Natl Inst Science Communication & Policy Research-Niscpr, 2024) Gomec, Muhammed; Nasif, Vesim; Kafa, Ayse Huemeyra Taskin; Sayin, Koray; Gezegen, Hayreddin; Ataseven, Hilmi
    The search for ideal treatment continues for many health problems such as cancer and infection. In this context, new synthesis compounds have been promising and the nicotinamide derivative compounds, which is an important heterocyclic derivative, has attracted the attention of many researchers. Nowdays, anticancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of some nicotinamide derivatives have been demonstrated. In this study, nine new nicotinamide derivative compounds have been designed and synthesized. The characterization of these synthesized compounds have been done by in silico methods. The anticancer effects of the compounds have been investigated in four different cancer types and compared with their effects on healthy fibroblast cells. N4 has been found to have a cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 human breast cancer, and the IC50 value has been calculated as 12.1 mu M. In addition, antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activities were investigated by in vitro methods and they have been shown to be effective. As a result, it is observed that N4, one of the newly synthesized nicotinamide derivative compounds, has a serious cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells compared to healthy fibroblast cells. Pharmacophore map and ADME analyses of studied compound are performed in detail.
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    Distribution of Urinary System Infection Agents in Children and Evaluation of Their Susceptibility to Antibiotics
    (Galenos Publ House, 2024) Kafa, Ayse Huemeyra Taskin; Cubuk, Fatih; Akbulut, Resul Ekrem; Hasbek, Muersit; Tastanoglu, Hueseyin
    Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the common bacterial infections in pediatric patients. These infections are more common in girls over one year old. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial distribution and drug resistance status in urine cultures of pediatric patients in our center. Materials and Methods: Urine culture results of patients who were presented to the outpatient clinics or were admitted to the Sivas Cumhuriyet University hospital between January 2017 and December 2022 were included in the study. The hospital automation system, patient files, and laboratory information management system were examined retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 software. A P -value of <0.05 was deemed significant. Results: Significant growth was observed in the urine cultures of a total of 1287 pediatric patients, 889 (69.1%) girls and 398 boys (30.9%). The patients included in the study were between the ages of 0-17, and children aged 1-6 (37.6%) were diagnosed with UTI more frequently than other ages. The most common UTI agent in the pediatric age group was Escherichia coli (56.6%). The first agent isolated in girls and boys is E.coli . Additionally, the prevalence of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and K. oxytoca bacteria was higher in boys (p < 0.05). E. coli isolates showed minimal resistance to such as amikacin (0.6%), fosfomycin (1.0%), nitrofurantoin (1.4%), ertapenem (2.4%), imipenem (0.7%) and meropenem (0.9%). Conclusion: In this study, low resistance levels were detected for amikacin, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and carbapenem group antibiotics, which are important alternatives in the empirical treatment of UTI. On the other hand, due to the high resistance levels detected, it is thought that more caution should be exercised in the empirical use of amoxicillin-clavulanate, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and cefixime. If these antibiotics are to be preferred, waiting for the antibiogram results is an appropriate approach.