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    Effects of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation and adhesive systems on microtensile bond strength of a self-adhering composite
    (Springer London Ltd, 2023) Kaptan, Alper; Oznurhan, Fatih
    This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation and adhesive systems on the microtensile bond strength of Fusio Liquid Dentin (FLD) which is a self-adhering composite (SAC). Twenty-four freshly extracted human molar teeth were collected, and the enamel was removed from the occlusal surface to obtain a flat dentin surface. Twenty-four teeth were randomly divided into eight groups: Group 1: only Fusio Liquid Dentin (FLD) (Petron Clinical, Orange, California, USA) was applied to the dentin surface; Group 2: 37% Phosphoricacid (i-GEL, Medicinos Linija UAB, Lithuania) + FLD; Group 3: Single Bond Universal (SBU) (3 M ESPE, Germany) + FLD; Group 4: Adper Easy One (AEO) (3 M ESPE, Germany) + FLD; Group 5: Er:YAG laser + AEO + FLD; Group 6: Er:YAG laser + SBU + FLD; Group 7: Er,Cr:YSGG laser + AEO + FLD; and Group 8: Er,Cr:YSGG laser + SBU + FLD. After thermocycling, 1 x 1 mm(2) sticks were used for the mu TBS test (n = 10). Two sticks per group were used for SEM analysis. Fractured sample surfaces were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Group 8 showed the highest mu TBS value (13.70 MPa), whereas Group 1 showed the lowest mu TBS value (5.60 MPa). There were no significant differences between Groups 2, 3, and 4 (P = 0.324), but Groups 5-8 showed statistically significant results that were higher than Groups 1-4 (P = 0.012). Adhesive failure mode was predominant followed by mixed failure. The evaluation of bonding of the FLD to dentin showed that the combined use of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers with SBU and AEO on dentin surfaces improved the dentinal bond strength of the FLD.
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    Evaluation of Temperature Changes in the Pulp Chamber During Bulk-Fill Composite Polymerization: An In-Vitro Study
    (Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2022) Mollaoglu, Eda Yildiz; Kaptan, Alper
    Aim: To investigate the temperature changes occurring in the pulp chamber during the polymerization of bulk-fill resin materials cured with different light sources by using a pulpal microcirculation simulation device in vitro. Materials and Methods: Class I cavities of width 2 x 3 mm were prepared on 120 permanent noncarious teeth. All samples were adjusted to maintain 2 mm dentin thickness within the pulp chamber and the cavity base. Venus Bulk Fill, Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill, Filtek Bulk Fill, and Filtek Z250 were used as restorative materials. Materials were polymerized with Valo Light Emitting Diode (LED), Elipar S10, and Elipar Deepcure-S devices. A j-type thermocouple with microcirculation assemblies was used for measuring the temperature increments inside the pulp chamber during the polymerization of bulk-fill composite resins. The obtained data were recorded. Results: Statistically significant difference was found between the light sources and the temperature changes occurring during the polymerization (P < .05). The difference in temperature increases was found to be significant (P < .05) between restorative materials. The highest temperature rise values were obtained from Venus Bulk Fill. Conclusion: All light devices used in the study caused an increase in temperature in the pulp chamber in all groups. For all resin materials used, it was observed that the temperature values arising during the polymerization via used light sources did not exceed 5.5 degrees C, which is the critical value for pulp.
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    Farklı ışık kaynaklarının kütlesel yerleştirilebilen kompozit rezinlerin konversiyon derecelerine etkileri
    (2022) Yıldız, Aynur; Kaptan, Alper
    Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı; farklı ışık kaynaklarının ve farklı ışık uygulama sürelerinin, bulk fill kompozit rezinler ve tabakalı yerleştirilen geleneksel kompozit rezinin polimerizasyon derecelerine etkilerini FTIR-ATR ölçümü ile incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kütlesel yerleştirilebilen 4 farklı bulk fill kompozit (Filtek Bulk fill (3M ESPE), SDR (Dentsply), Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk fill (Vivadent), Venus Bulk fill (Heraeus)) ve bir adet kondanse edilebilen kompozit (Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE)) kullanıldı. 5 mm çapında ve 4 mm yüksekliğinde kompozit örnekler hazırlandı. Kompozit materyallerin polimerize edilmesinde üç farklı LED ışık kaynağı (Elipar S10, Elipar Deepcure-S ve Valo Cordless) üç farklı uygulama süresi (20s, 30s, 40s) ile kullanıldı. Kompozit örneklerinin konversiyon derecelerinin ölçümleri FTIR spektroskopi (Perkin Elmer Spectrum One, MA, ABD) ile yapıldı. Bulgular: İstatistiksel değerlendirmede kontrol grubu olan Filtek Z250’ye ait örneklerin konversiyon derecesi değerleri, diğer 4 gruba kıyasla anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (P=0.018). Işık cihazlarının konversiyon dereceleri sıra ortalamaları Valo> Elipar Deepcure-S> Elipar S10 olarak bulunurken aralarında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadı (P=0.465). Işık uygulama sürelerine göre konversiyon dereceleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadı. Sonuçlar: Geleneksel kompozit grubunun en yüksek değerleri göstermesiyle beraber tüm bulk fill kompozit grupları her uygulama süresinde yeterli konversiyon derecesi değerleri göstermiştir. Yeni nesil LED ışık cihazları kısaltılmış uygulama süreleri ile de yeterli konversiyon derecesi değerleri sağladığı için avantajlıdır.
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    INfluence Of Different Cavity Disinfection Solutions And Laser Systems On Repair Bond Strength Of Silorane Based CompositE
    (Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, 2021) Kaptan, Alper; Hurmuzlu, Feridun
    Purpose: To evalute the effects of Nd:YAG-laser, Er:YAG-laser, chlorhexidine and ozonated water application used for antibacterial effects on repair bond strength of silorane based composite. Materials and Methods: 100 cavities (2 mm deep, 3 mm diameter) prepared in acrylic blocks were filled with silorane composite and subjected thermal cycle and divided into 5 groups (N=20). Group 1: Chlorhexidine; Group 2: Ozonated-water; Group 3: Nd:YAG-laser; Group 4: Er:YAG-laser; Group 5 (control): untreated. And disinfection method treated according to the groups. Composite repair procedure was implemented with the same silorane based composite. Groups divided into 2 subgroups (n=10). One of the subgroups for each group was subjected second thermal cycle. All of the samples tested by a universal test device. Data were statistically analyzed and significance test of the difference between the two means, the variance analysis, and Student-t Test used. Results: No statistical difference was observed among groups after first thermal cycle (p>0.05). After the composite repair, there were no statistically significant difference between groups that were subjected to second thermal cycle (p>0.05). When each group was evaluated in themselves on comparing before and after the thermal cycle after the repair operation; as no statistically significant difference between Ozonated-water, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and Control groups (p>0.05), a statistically significant decrease was observed only in the Chlorhexidine group after thermal cycle (p<0.05). Conclusions: Ozonated-water, Nd:YAG-laser and Er:YAG-laser applications can be used in the repair of silorane-based composite restorations as an alternative antibacterial application, since the application of chlorhexidine reduces the repair bonding strength. © 2021,Cumhuriyet Dental Journal.All Rights Reserved
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    INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT LED CURING-UNITS ON DEPTH OF CURE AND MICRO-HARDNESS OF NANO-HYBRID RESIN COMPOSITE
    (Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, 2021) Kaptan, Alper; Kaya, Seher; Eren, Diğdem
    Purpose: To evaluate the effect of two second generation LED Light curing units and a third-generation polywave LED Ligth curing unit at three different irradiation durations on surface microhardness and detpth of cure of nano-hybrid composite resin material. Materials and Methods: Elipar™ S10, Elipar™ Deep Cure-S, VALO Cordless, was evaluated at 10s, 20s, 40s curing periods in this study. A nano-hybrid composite Filtek™ Z550 that contains camphorquinone as photoinitiator is used as test material. For microhardness test ninety 6 mm diameter, 4 mm deep cylindrical composite blocks in teflon molds were prepared. For each light source at each application times 10 specimen were prepared (n=10) and tested. Also ninety, 4 mm diameter, 6 mm deep cylindrical composite specimens in a split aluminum mold polymerized with three different light sources at three different durations (n=10) were tested for depth of cure measurement. Data were analyzed statistically by SPSS (Ver: 22.0) one-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons were performed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The values of cure depth were found significantly higher at 40 seconds of irradiation time for all light sources used (p<0.05). Elipar Deep Cure-S showed the higher top surface microhardness at 40s polymerization (p<0.05) Conclusions: All light devices used in the study provided adequate polymerization of the nano-hybrid composite at all application durations in this study. The highest polymerization depth and microhardness values were achieved at 40 sec. polymerization time for all LCUs. © 2021, Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. All Rights Reserved.
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    Influence of Different Surface Treatments on Bond Strength of a Self-Adhesive Resin Cement to CAD-CAM Materials
    (Univ Costa Rica, Fac Odontologia, 2023) Kaptan, Alper; Bektas, Ozden Ozel; Eren, Digdem; Dogan, Derya Ozdemir; Mehrican, Sukru
    To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of self-adhesive resin cement when used with two different computer-aided design (CAD)-computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) materials after various surface treatments. Nanoceramic resin Lava Ultimate (LU) and feldspathic ceramic Vita Mark II (VM) CAD-CAM block samples were prepared with 1.5-mm thickness, and a total of 90 samples were obtained (N=90), with five samples of each block. The samples were divided into the following five groups according to the surface treatments (n=9): group 1, untreated (control); group 2,5% hydrofluoric acid etching; group 3, Er: YAG laser irradiation; group 4, tribochemical silica coating (Cojet); and group 5, air-abrasion with Al2O3. After silane application, resin cement was applied on a transparent matrix (diameter, 3mm; height, 2mm) on the blocks. SBS was determined using a universal testing device at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests were used to analyze the SBS values. LU showed the highest SBS value in group 4. The average SBS values in groups 3 and were found to be lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). When VM was examined, while all surface treatments increased the SBS values significantly, the highest SBS value was observed in group 4 (p<0.05). This study revealed that all surface treatments used negatively affected the bond strength values of self-adhesive resin cement to LU, except for Cojet application. The SBS values of resin cement with VM increased in all surface treatment application groups.
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    The Effect of Food-Simulating Liquids and Thermal Aging on Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Bulk-Fill and Conventional Composites
    (Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, 2023) Kılıç, Vahti; Hürmüzlü, Feridun; Kaptan, Alper
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of food-simulating liquids (FSLs) and thermal aging on the surface roughness and color stability of bulk-fill and conventional composites. Materials and Methods: A total of 320 disc-shaped samples were prepared, with 40 samples from each of 4 different bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk Fill, X-tra fil, Beautifil Bulk Restorative, and Estelite Bulk Fill Flow), and 4 conventional nano-filled composite resins (Filtek Z550, CeramX SphereTEC one, Admira, and Kalore). The prepared samples were randomly divided into subgroups for exposure to FSLs (ethanol, heptane, citric acid) and thermal cycling (TC) (n=10 per subgroup) for 28 days. Initial profilometric surface roughness measurements (Ra0) of all samples and AFM and SEM analyses of selected samples were followed by exposure to FSLs and TC. After completion of aging protocols, measurements and analyses were repeated to obtain the Ra1 (post-treatment surface roughness), and change in surface roughness (?Ra1-0) was then calculated. Subsequently, initial color measurement of the samples was conducted using a spectrophotometer, followed by immersion of the samples in a coffee solution for 24 hours. Color measurements were repeated, and color change (?E) was calculated. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare Ra0 and Ra1 values and one-way ANOVA for comparing ?Ra and ?E values. Post-hoc Tukey tests were employed for pairwise comparisons. The significance level was set at ?=.05. Results: While the surface roughness of bulk-fill composites was affected by the protocols applied (p<0.05), most of the conventional composites generally remained unaffected. Bulk-fill composites exhibited greater ?Ra and ?E values. The highest ?Ra and ?E values were observed in the Beautifil Bulk Restorative group, with the greatest discoloration seen after immersion in citric acid. Conclusions: Thermal cycling and immersion in FSLs affect surface roughness and color stability of composite resins depending on the content and structure of the composites. © This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License