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Öğe Bioactivity and molecular docking studies of some nickel complexes: New analogues for the treatment of Alzheimer, glaucoma and epileptic diseases(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2020) Kisa, Dursun; Korkmaz, Nesrin; Taslimi, Parham; Tuzun, Burak; Tekin, Saban; Karadag, Ahmet; Sen, FatihThe interaction of the coordination compounds with biological molecules resulted in the investigation of the drug potential of these molecules. In this study, enzyme inhibition of DSA (1-3) coordination compounds that were previously investigated for their anticancer and antibacterial properties was investigated. Also, DSA (1-3) had Ki values of 635.30 + 152.62, 184.01 + 90.05, and 163.03 +/- 60.01 mu M against human carbonic anhydrase I, 352.23 +/- 143.09, 46.2 +/- 15.47, and 54.117 +/- 18.80 mu M against AChE, 310.64 +/- 97.35, 35.54 +/- 7.01, and 101.51 +/- 15.314 mu M against BChE, respectively. The biological activity values of these compounds against enzymes whose name are AChE, BChE, and hCAI were compared. Ellman and Verporte methods were used for the study of these enzymes. Cholinesterase inhibitors, also known as anti-cholinesterase and cholinesterase blocking drugs, are chemicals that prevent the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine or butyr-ylcholine. They may be used as drugs for Alzheimer's and myasthenia gravis. It is a common method for com-paring biological activity values of nickel complexes with molecular docking calculations. Nickel complexes were studied against enzymes that are human carbonic anhydrase isozyme I for ID 2CAB (hCA I), butyr-ylcholinesterase for ID 1P0I (BChE), and acetylcholinesterase for ID 1EEA (AChE), respectively.Öğe Comparison of Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Between Patients With Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Healthy Controls(Turkish League Against Rheumatism, 2020) Sen Cakiro, Gozde; Hizmetli, Sami; Silig, Yavuz; Karadag, Ahmet; Hayta, Emrullah; Ozaltin, Burcu; Tas, AycaObjectives: This study aims to compare the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene polymorphisms of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) with those of healthy control subjects, and to investigate the possible relationship between symptoms of FMS and polymorphisms of the ADRB2 gene. Patients and methods: The study included 170 females (mean age 47.8 +/- 10.3 years; range, 21 to 75 years) diagnosed with FMS according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria and 170 healthy females (mean age 47.2 +/- 8.8 years; range, 20 to 72 years) as the control group. Several clinical symptoms of the participants related to FMS were questioned and recorded. The visual analog scale (VAS) and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) scores of the fibromyalgia group were recorded. In both groups, the ADRB2 (rs1042717) single-nucleotide polymorphism was detected by way of a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The wild-type (Guanine/Guanine), the mutant type (Adenine/Adenine) and heterozygous type (Adenine/Guanine) were detected. The sample power was calculated considering the minor allele frequency. Results: The comparison of the ADRB2 gene polymorphism between patients with FMS and the control subjects showed that the groups were similar in terms of ADBR2 gene polymorphism and genotype (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of genotype when the ADRB2 gene polymorphisms in patients with FMS were compared in terms of clinical symptoms, VAS and FIQ scores (p>0.05). Conclusion: Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (rs1042717) gene polymorphisms and genotype distribution are no different between patients with FMS and healthy individuals. ADRB2 gene polymorphisms in patients with FMS have no effect on clinical symptoms and VAS and FIQ scores. The results of the present study will light the way for future research into ADRB2 gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of FMS.Öğe Complementary and alternative treatment methods in chronic rheumatic diseases in the Central Anatolia(MODESTUM LTD, 2018) Karadag, Ahmet; Hayta, Emrullah; Kaptanoglu, Ece; Konak, AkinBackground: The aim of the study is to identify the kind of traditional practices used for the rheumatic diseases in the central Anatolia. Materials and Methods: A total of 440 volunteer patients with chronic rheumatic diseases including osteoarthritis (OA), fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathy (SpA), familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), Behcet's disease (BD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) were enrolled in the study. All patients were administered a 36-item questionnaire. Results: Of the patients, 49.3 % were using CAM. Herbal medicine was the most commonly (58.1 %) preferred methods. The CAM was used by 86 (48%) of 179 patients with OA and by 51 (60%) of 85 patients with RA. The difference in the CAM use across the disease groups was not statistically significant (chi(2)=7.343; p=0.290). When the patients using or not using CAM were assessed according to their education status, it was found that CAM was used by 59 (66.3%) of 89 patients with university degree and indicating a statistically significantly higher number of patients from higher education status among the CAM users (chi(2)=17.651; p=0.001). Conclusions: Our study results suggest that among patients with rheumatic disease, patients with RA more commonly resort to the methods of CAM.Öğe Complementary and Alternative Treatment Methods in Rheumatic Diseases(CLINICAL & EXPER RHEUMATOLOGY, 2014) Karadag, Ahmet; Kaptanoglu, Ece; Hayta, Emrullah; Konak, Akin; Hizmetli, Sami…Öğe Effects of Conventional and Biological Drugs Used for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis on the Quality of Life and Depression(AVES, 2019) Ilker-Yayikci, Yakup; Karadag, AhmetObjective: This study aims to investigate the effects of conventional and biological drugs used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on patients' quality of life, depression, and anxiety. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 patients with a diagnosis of RA based on the American College of Rheumatology/Annual European Congress of Rheumatology (ACR/EULAR) 2010 diagnostic criteria were included in the study. Patients were classified into two groups as follows: patients using conventional disease-modifying agents (csDMARDs) alone (Group 1, n=40) and patients using biological disease-modifying agents (bDMARDs) and a csDMARD combination (Group 2, n=40). Demographical patient data were collected. The levels of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) were measured in both groups. All patients completed the Disease Activity Score (DAS28), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Short Form-36 (SF-36), Beck Depression Scale (BDS), and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients regarding their demographical characteristics, autoantibody positivity, or DAS scores (p>0.05). HAQ scores and all parameters and summary scores of the SF-36, BDS, and HADS scores were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Results of the present study showed that csDMARDs and bDMARDs, which required a more invasive administration and were associated with serious side effects, were not superior to each other in terms of their effects on patients' quality of life. csDMARD and bDMARD were also not superior to each other regarding their effects on anxiety and depression among patients with RA.Öğe Evaluation of allergic rhinitis with nasal symptoms and nasal mucociliary clearance in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome(IOS PRESS, 2018) Dogan, Sevil Ceyhan; Karadag, Ahmet; Durmus, Kasim; Sahin, Ozlem; Altuntas, Emine ElifBACKROUND: The exact etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is still unclear but the pathogenesis of FM is associated with neurogenic inflammation. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common inflammatory and immunological disease of the nasal mucosa. As a result, it is known that neurogenic inflammation has a role in the pathophysiology of both FM and AR. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate AR and nasal allergic inflammation using nasal mucociliary clearance time (NMC) in FM patients. METHODS: Forty-five FM patients and fifty healthy controls were included in the study. In both groups, AR was evaluated by total nasal symptom scoring (TNSS) and NMC was measured using saccharine transit time test (STT). RESULTS: TNSS was positive in 9 patients (20%) in the FM group and no positivity in the control group. In FM group, the mean value of TNSS was higher than that of the control group (p = 0.0001). The average value of STT of FM patients was statistically significantly longer when compared to the control group (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results we obtained suggest that there is a high possibility of coexistence of FM and AR. As a result, the coexistence of AR and FM cannot be denied but we believe that comprehensive clinical studies should be conducted on this subject.Öğe Evaluation of the correlation between the Istanbul Low Back Pain Disability Index, Back Pain Functional Scale and other back pain disability scales in Turkish patients with low back pain(Ios Press, 2022) Karadag, Ahmet; Canbas, MuhammedBACKGROUND: Low back pain is an important health problem that may cause functional loss. Several back pain disability scales have been developed in different languages. OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluates the correlation between the Istanbul Low Back Pain Disability Index (ILBPDI) the Back Pain Functional Scale (BPFS) and other back pain disability scales in patients with mechanical low back pain. METHODS: Included in the study were 105 patients who presented to our outpatient clinics and who were diagnosed with mechanical low back pain. The ILBPDI, BPFS, Quebec back pain disability scale (QBPDS) and Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (ODI) were administered to all participants, and Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded. RESULTS: A strongly negative correlation was identified between ILBPDI and BPFS (p < 0.05), and a strongly positive correlation was noted between ILBPDI and QBPDS, ODI and VAS. CONCLUSION: A strong correlation exists between ILBPDI and BPFS, and a further strong correlation between ILBPDI ODI and QBPDS. These questionnaires can be used interchangeably to evaluate disability associated with chronic mechanical low back pain.Öğe High levels of cathepsin S and cystatin C in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome(Wiley, 2020) Kocak, Ibrahim; Hizmetli, Sami; Tas, Ayca; Karadag, Ahmet; Zontul, Cemile; Silig, YavuzObjectives Although the etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is not yet clear, central sensitization is thought to be responsible for the pathogenesis of FM. The aim of this study was to compare the serum cathepsin S (CatS) and cystatin C (CysC) levels between patients with FM and healthy control subjects. Methods This study was conducted in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic between January 2019 and October 2019. The study included 145 FM patients newly diagnosed with primary FM according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria and 129 healthy volunteers. The age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) of the participants were recorded. Venous blood samples were collected from both groups for the measurement of the levels of serum CatS and CysC. The functional status of FM patients was evaluated using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Results No statistically significant difference was determined between the patient and control groups in terms of age, gender, and BMI (P > .05). A comparison of the serum CatS and CysC levels of the FM and control groups revealed a statistically significant difference (P = .001). No correlation was determined between FIQ and serum CatS and CysC levels (P > .05). Conclusion Serum CatS and CysC levels were found to be higher in FM patients. However, there was no correlation between the functional status of FM patients and serum CatS and CysC levels. These results can be of guidance for further clinical studies of the etiopathogenesis and treatment of FM.Öğe Investigation of Short-wave Diathermy Genotoxic Effect in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis(GALENOS YAYINCILIK, 2019) Sener, Onder; Hizmetli, Sami; Karadag, Ahmet; Hayta, EmrullahObjective: Short-wave diathermy (SWD) is a physical therapy agent that is commonly used as a deep heater in physical medicine practices. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a chromosomal damage arising from therapeutic SWD by using micronucleus (MN) method. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who suffered from knee pain, and diagnosed as gonarthrosis according to American College of Rheumatology criteria were admitted in the present study. Twenty patients were assigned as the treatment group (group 1) and 10 patients were assigned as the control group (group 2). The patients in the treatment group received 10 sessions of SWD therapy, whereas the patients in the control group received 10 sessions of sham SWD therapy. Peripheral venous blood was obtained from both the treatment and the control groups before and after 10 sessions of SWD therapy to evaluate MN scores. The scores of MN assessed before the therapy were compared with the MN scores at the end of 10 sessions of SWD therapy in the treatment and the control groups. Pre-treatment and end of the 10th session MN scores were compared between the treatment and the control groups. Results: There was not a statistically significant difference in MN scores between pre-treatment and after 10th session SWD therapy in both groups (p>0.05). There was also not a significant difference in the MN scores of the groups between pre-treatment and after 10th session of SWD therapy (p>0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we observed that the therapeutic SWD did not induce an increase in MN score, which is a sign of cytogenetic damage.Öğe Metabolomic profiling in ankylosing spondylitis using time-of-flight mass spectrometry(Elsevier, 2022) Dogan, Halef Okan; Senol, Onur; Karadag, Ahmet; Yildiz, Seyma NurBackground & aims: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease associated with destructive changes in the skeleton and joints. The exact molecular mechanism of the disease has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine metabolic differences between active AS patients and healthy controls to understand the molecular mechanism of AS. Patients and methods: The study included 38 subjects, comprising 18 patients with active AS and 20 healthy controls. Metabolic profiling of the plasma was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF/MS). Data acquisition, classification, and identification were achieved with the METLIN (https://metlin.scripps.edu/) database and XCMS (https://xcmsonline.scripps.edu). Results: Significant alterations were identified in the unsaturated fatty acids (FA), linoleic acid, alphalinolenic acid, FA degradation, and FA biosynthesis pathways. Down -regulations were observed in phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/0:0), beta-D-Fructose, stearic acid, trimipramine N-Oxide and muconic acid, and up-regulation were detected in PC (18:2/0:0), 3-Methylindole, palmitic acid (PA), alphaTocotrienol, and beta-D-glucopyranoside in active AS patients compared to the healthy control subjects. Conclusion: Pathway analysis revealed that dysregulation in FA metabolism is associated with AS, and therefore, modulation of diet according to PA and PC may be potential therapeutic targets. (C) 2022 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Novel amino acid Schiff base Zn(II) complexes as new therapeutic approaches in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease: Synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies(Wiley, 2022) Senocak, Aysegul; Tas, Nilay A.; Taslimi, Parham; Tuzun, Burak; Aydin, Ali; Karadag, AhmetSchiff bases are compounds that have gained importance in the paint industry due to their colorful nature and in the field of chemistry and biochemistry due to their biological activities. Various biological applications of Schiff bases, such as antitumor, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, antituberculosis, and anthelmintic, have been widely studied. Within the scope of the study, 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and amino acid methyl esters (isoleucine, phenylalanine, and methionine) and amino acid Schiff bases were synthesized first. The synthesis of the new Zn(II) complexes of these Schiff bases was carried out by the reaction of synthesized Schiff bases and Zn(OAc)(2)center dot 2H(2)O. The structures of the synthesized complexes were elucidated using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-visible, and thermal analysis spectroscopy techniques. These synthesized salts were found to be effective inhibitor compounds for the alpha-glycosidase, and acetylcholinesterase enzyme with Ki values in the range of 30.50 +/- 3.82-38.17 +/- 6.26 mu M for alpha-glycosidase, 3.68 +/- 0.54-10.27 +/- 1.68 mu M for butyrylcholinesterase, and 6.26 +/- 0.83-15.73 +/- 4.73 mu M for acetylcholinesterase, respectively.Öğe Serum Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Receptor Protein Levels in Patients With Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study(Turkish League Against Rheumatism, 2020) Korucu, Ragip Ulvi; Karadag, Ahmet; Tas, Ayca; Ozmen, Esma; Hayta, Emrullah; Silig, YavuzObjectives: This study aims to compare the serum calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and CGRP receptor protein levels between patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) and healthy control subjects. Patients and methods: The study included 88 patients (7 males, 81 females; mean age 44.5 +/- 9.1 years; range, 20 to 72 years) newly-diagnosed with FM according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria and 88 healthy volunteers (6 males, 82 females; mean age 43.0 +/- 6.1 years; range, 20 to 57 years). Venous blood samples were collected from both groups for the measurement of the levels of serum CGRP and CGRP receptor proteins (receptor component protein [RCP], receptor activity modifying protein 1 [RAMP 1] and calcitonin receptor-like receptor [CLR]). Results: A comparison of the serum CGRP, CLR and RCP levels of the FM and control groups revealed a statistically significant difference (p=0.001, p=0.005, p=0.001, respectively). The difference between the groups in respect of the serum RAMP 1 levels was not statistically significant (p=0.107). Conclusion: The serum CGRP, CLR and RCP levels were found to be higher in the FM patients, but no difference was determined between the FM patients and the healthy control group in respect of the RAMP 1 level. These results can be of guidance for further clinical studies of the etiopathogenesis and treatment of FM.Öğe Serum Calprotectin and Iron Metabolism Biomarker Levels in Behcet's Disease(Galenos Yayincilik, 2021) Karadag, Ahmet; Dogan, Halef OkanObjective: This study aimed to investigate the serum levels of calprotectin, hepcidin, iron, and ferritin in Behcet's disease (BD). Materials and Methods: This study included 40 patients with BD who met the diagnostic criteria of the BD International Study Group (1990) and 40 healthy control participants. Serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), hepcidin, calprotectin, ferritin, iron, and unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) levels were determined in all study participants. Results: Statistically significant difference was found between the groups in respect of calprotectin (p<0.05), UIBC (p<0.05), hsCRP (p<0.05), and hemoglobin (p<0.05) levels. No statistically significant differences were determined between the patients and the controls in terms of hepcidin, iron, and ferritin levels. Cut-off value of 212.3 pg/mL for calprotectin was determined to identify patients with BD having a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: Serum calprotectin may be a useful biomarker in the evaluation of inflammatory status and BD diagnosis. Total iron-binding capacity and hemoglobin may be more useful in evaluating iron deficiency anemia in patients with BD.Öğe Serum cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels after balneotherapy and physical therapy in patients with fibromyalgia(SAUDI MED J, 2016) Semiz, Esra A.; Hizmetli, Sami; Semiz, Murat; Karadag, Ahmet; Adali, Merve; Tuncay, Mehmet S.; Alim, Bulent; Hayta, Emrullah; Uslu, Ali U.Objectives: To investigated serum cortisol and serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEA-S) levels between fibromyalgia (FMS) patients and a control group, and the effect of balneotherapy (BT) on these hormones. Methods: Seventy-two patients with FMS and 39 healthy volunteers were included in the study. This prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in the Medical Faculty, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Cumhuriyet University, Cumhuriyet, Turkey between June 2012 and June 2013. Patients were divided into 2 groups. There were 40 patients in the first group, consisting of BT and physical therapy (PT) administered patients. There were 32 FMS patients in the second group who were only administered PT. Thirty-nine healthy volunteers were enrolled as a control group. Result: Cortisol was observed to be lower in FMS patients compared with the controls (10.10 +/- 4.08 mu g/dL and 11.78 +/- 3.6 mu g/dL; p= 0.033). Serum DHEA-S level was observed to be lower in FMS patients compared with the controls (89.93 +/- 53.96 mu g/dL and 143.15 +/- 107.92 mu g/dL; p= 0.015). Average serum cortisol levels of patients receiving BT were determined to be 9.95 +/- 3.20 mu g/dL before treatment and 9.06 +/- 3.77 mu g/dL after treatment; while average serum DHEA-S levels were 77.60 +/- 48.05 mu g/dL before treatment, and 76.84 +/- 48.71 mu g/dL after treatment. No significant changes were determined in serum cortisol and DHEA-S levels when measured again after BT and PT. Conclusion: Low levels of serum cortisol and DHEA-S were suggested to be associated with the physiopathology of FMS.Öğe Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Vascular Eduothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Levels in Patients With Fibromyalgia Syndrome(Turkish League Against Rheumatism, 2019) Karadag, Ahmet; Hayta, Emrullah; Celik, Veysel Kenan; Bakir, SevtapObjectives: This study aims to compare the serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) levels between patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and healthy controls. Patients and methods: The study included 40 female patients (mean age 39.9 +/- 10.2 years; range, 22 to 52 years) diagnosed with primary FMS according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria (1990) and 40 healthy female volunteers (mean age 40.9 +/- 8.3 years; range, 25 to 53 years). The sociodemographic data of both groups were recorded. The disease duration and the number of tender points were recorded for patients with FMS, and venous blood samples were collected from the two groups for the measurement of serum VEGF and VEGFR-1 levels. Results: The FMS and control groups were comparable in terms of age and body mass index (p>0.05). A comparison of the serum VEGF levels of the FMS and control groups revealed a statistically insignificant difference (p>0.05), while a comparison of the serum VEGF-1 levels of the FMS and control groups revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: Serum VEGFR-1 levels were higher in patients with FMS, while the serum VEGF levels of the FMS patients did not differ from those of the healthy controls.Öğe Synthesis, Enzyme Inhibition, and in Silico Studies of Amino Acid Schiff Bases(Jihad Daneshgahi, 2024) Tas, Nilay Akkus; Senocak, Aysegul; Taslimi, Parham; Tuzun, Burak; Karadag, AhmetIn this research, novel complexes of Zn(II) were produced using amino acid Schiff bases. First, new Schiff bases were synthesized from the reaction of 3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (o-vanillin) and amino acid methyl esters (isoleucine, phenylalanine, methionine). The synthesis of new complexes was carried out by the reaction of these Schiff bases and Zn(OAc)(2).2H(2)O. The structures of the synthesized complexes were elucidated using elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and thermal analysis techniques. In this research, we synthesized new complexes of Zn(II) with amino acid Schiff bases labeled as 1a-1c. We then examined their impact on specific metabolic enzymes, namely acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The results showed that the molecules exhibited potent inhibitory activities against all targets compared to the standard inhibitor as indicated by IC50 values. Ki values of the compounds for AChE and BChE enzymes were obtained in the range of 78.04 +/- 8.66-111.24 +/- 12.61 and 24.31 +/- 3.98-85.18 +/- 7.05 mu M, respectively. Molecular docking calculations were performed to investigate the biological activities of the metal complexes. The Protein Ligand Interaction Profiler (PLIP) was used to study the chemical interactions of metal complexes with enzymes.Öğe Tribological behavior and quantum chemical calculations of protic ionic liquids: synthesis, spectroscopic, and thermal properties(SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2019) Karadag, Ahmet; Akbas, Huseyin; Karakas, Duran; Tekin, Kadir Cihan; Korkmazer, ErdemProtic ionic liquids (PILs) were synthesized through a stoichiometric neutralization reaction between 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)-bis(ethylamine) {Edbea} and various acids (formic, acetic, boric, decanoic, and gentisic acid). The PILs were characterized by elemental analyses, FTIR, H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. All the PILs except PIL3 were liquid at room temperature. The viscosity of the PILs (PIL1, 2, 4, 5) was measured using a cone-and-plate viscometer at ambient temperature. Quantum chemical calculations were used to explain the cation/anion ratio in the PILs. Reaction energies in the gas phase calculated at M062X/6-311+G(d,p) level were used to determine the cation/anion ratio. A sliding wear test was conducted at room temperature using an AA7075 disc specimen against a stationary 100Cr6 steel ball. The wear protection of PILs and 15W40 engine oil was determined by considering the volume loss of AA7075.
