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Öğe A case with manic delirium(Yerkure Tanitim & Yayincilik Hizmetleri A S, 2014) Mert, Derya Guliz; Kavakci, Onder; Semiz, Murat; Kugu, Nesim; Yonel, EceManic delirium is defined as co-occurrence of mania and delirium. Publications are referred to case reports. In this study, we describe a 63 years old woman with signs and symptoms of delirium and suffering from bipolar disorder. Mania symptoms were not observed during her first evaluation and monitoring. There was no toxic or medical condition that explained the delirium seen. Manic delirium seems to be an acute and severe form of bipolar disorder, which can be treated with (responsive to) antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. Manic delirium should be kept in mind as a diagnosis for the patients who present with delirium and has no organic cause to explain it.Öğe Adult ADHD prevalence in Sivas province and comorbid axis-I, axis-II diagnoses(CUMHURIYET UNIV TIP FAK PSIKIYATRI ANABILIM DALI, 2011) Yapicioglu, Bekir; Kavakci, Onder; Guler, Aysegul Selcen; Semiz, Murat; Dogan, OrhanObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the adult ADHD prevalence in Sivas province, to identify sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid axis-I and axis-II diagnoses in adults with ADHD. Methods: ASRS was administered to 901 subjects between 18-44 years of age and Childhood and Adulthood Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity module of MINI Plus 5.0.0 was administered to 28 out of 34 subjects who had ASRS scores above cutoff point and who accepted clinical interview. SCID-I and SCID-II were used to evaluate comorbid axis-I and axis-II diagnoses in subjects with ADHD. Findings: Screening with ASRS revealed a prevalence rate of 3.8% which dropped to 2.7% with the structured clinical interview. Adult ADHD was found to be higher (83.3%) in women in this sample which was statistically significant. Subjects with ADHD had lower employment status, more frequent job changes, medium level of income, more suicide attempts, more cigarette consumption, more psychiatric diagnoses on behalf of themselves and in their parents and more reported psychiatric need when compared to subjects without ADHD. 83% of the subjects with ADHD (n=20) had comorbid axis I diagnoses. Most common comorbid diagnoses were obsessive compulsive disorder, major depression and dysthymic disorder, each of which were 20.8%. 33.3% of the patients didn't have any axis II diagnoses. Most common axis II diagnoses were obsessive compulsive personality disorder (25%)and passive aggressive personality disorder (25%). Discussion: In conclusion, the main clinical implication of this study is that ADHD is a persistent diagnosis in adulthood. Given the high prevalence of adult ADHD and its high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, ADHD should be considered as a possible comorbid diagnosis for many patients in adult psychiatry clinics, especially for those who show continued impairment despite appropriate treatment or the presenting disorder. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2011; 12:177-184)Öğe Assessing anxiety levels and empathic tendency in blood and platelet donors(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2013) Kilic, Suar Caki; Dogan, Erdogan; Sevimligul, Gulgun; Yucel, Birsen; Bolat, Fatih; Kavakci, Onder; Sencan, MehmetIn spite of a constantly-increasing requirement for blood transfusion in the world, blood donation does not exhibit an increase at the same rate. In Turkey with a population of 74 million, only 15 per 10,000 people donate blood regularly and rate of voluntary blood donation is very low compared to developed countries. The aim of this study is to determine empathic level of donors and anxiety levels of blood and platelet donors and also to enable comfort and motivation of donors by taking precautions for reducing their anxieties. This prospective and descriptive study was conducted with 100 voluntary donors (50 blood donors, 50 platelet donors) who admitted to Blood Centre of Cumhuriyet University Hospital between 15 March 2012 and 30 April 2012. Average age of these donors was 27 (19-48) years. The mean scores of donors from Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS), State Anxiety Invertory (SAI) and Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) were 70 (49-83), 40 (33-45) and 34 (30-44), respectively. ETS score of those donating blood/platelet for the first time was low, >1 is higher in those who donated previously. SAI and TAI scores of blood donors were higher than those of platelet donors (p < 0.001) and TAI score was higher in those who donate for the first time (p < 0.007) compared to previously donated precipitants. In conclusion, this study underscores that the request of the donor to help others is the most important factor for donation. People frequently donate blood to unfamiliar people and recurring blood donations increase the level of empathy. Donation made during the continuous disclosure is an important factor for being a donor. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Atypical antipsychotic use is an independent predictor for the increased mean platelet volume in patients with schizophrenia: A preliminary study(ISFAHAN UNIV MED SCIENCES, 2013) Semiz, Murat; Yucel, Hasan; Kavakci, Onder; Yildirim, Osman; Zorlu, Ali; Yilmaz, Mehmet Birhan; Kucukdurmaz, Zekeriya; Canan, FatihBackground: Cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality due to these situations are more frequently encountered in schizophrenic patients when compared with the general population. The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a surrogate biomarker of the platelet activity and an useful prognostic test in cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate what influenced MPV levels in patients with schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: We evaluated hospital records of 60 hospitalized schizophrenia patients. Thirty age-and sex-matched healthy control subjects were also included as a control group. Results: MPV levels were significantly higher in patients who were on atypical antipsychotic drugs than in patients who were not using any drug (9.2 +/- 0.8 vs. 8.6 +/- 0.8 fL, P = 0.016) and also higher than control group (9.2 +/- 0.8 vs. 8.1 +/- 0.9 fL, P < 0.001). Furthermore, patients who were not using antipsychotics had higher MPV than control group (8.6 +/- 0.8 vs. 8.1 +/- 0.9 fL, P = 0.036). Atypical antipsychotic use [Odds ratio (OR) = 6.152, 95% confidence interval (CI,) P = 0.003)] and platelet distribution width (OR = 0.989, 95% CI, P = 0.032) were associated with high MPV levels in univariate analysis. In multivariate logistic regression model, only atypical antipsychotics use (OR = 6.152, 95% CI, P = 0.003) was found to be independent predictor of high MPV levels after adjustment of other potential confounders (age, gender, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and smoking). Conclusion: MPV seems to be influenced not only by schizophrenia itself but also by atypical antipsychotic drugs. It might be concluded that schizophrenic patients are under increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors and this risk is higher in patients on atypical antipsychotic treatment.Öğe Case of organic mania associated with stroke and open heart surgery(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010) Semiz, Murat; Kavakci, Onder; Yontar, Gozde; Yildirim, Osman…Öğe Effects of childhood psychological trauma on rheumatic diseases(Aves, 2019) Salihoglu, Salih; Dogan, Sevil Ceyhan; Kavakci, OnderObjective: The etiology of rheumatic diseases is unclear, but it is thought that environmental factors added to immunogenetic mechanisms in chronic inflammatory diseases play a role. Many inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and painful conditions have been shown to be associated with the psychological trauma of childhood. The aim of the present study was to investigate childhood psychological trauma that is considered to be one of the environmental factors that initiate inflammation on patients with rheumatic diseases. Methods: In our study, a total of 440 patients (220 patients who have rheumatic diseases as the case group and 220 patients who have no rheumatic disease as the control group) were examined. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 (CTQ-28) was administered and was completed by the patients. This was a cross-sectional study design. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the case and control groups with respect to age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The CTQ-28 scale was found to be significantly higher in patients with rheumatic diseases (ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and connective tissue disease) in our study. Conclusion: We think that childhood psychiatric traumas are effective in the etiopathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. To make this relationship more understandable, multidisciplinary research and long-term follow-up studies are needed to examine neuroendocrine, genetic, and epidemiological factors.Öğe Elementary school teachers' knowledge and attitudes related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(DRUNPP-SARAJEVO, 2010) Nur, Naim; Kavakci, OnderObjective: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry. ADHD children are at risk for academic and psychological difficulties. Lack of cooperation between schools, parents and therapeutic institutions inhibits a multimodal treatment program. This study surveys elementary school teachers' knowledge and attitudes towards attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Material and methods: Eighty-seven elementary school teachers in Sivas-Turkey, anonymously completed a self-report questionnaire on ADHD. Results: Knowledge about ADHD was relatively low. The attitude score towards ADHD children was moderate. Approximately one third (32.2%) of teachers agreed that ADHD is due to biological and genetic vulnerabilities and causation. About two-three (65.5%) of respondents believed that it is a consequence of parental spoiling. A little over half (60.9%) agreed that the same discipline rules used for all children should be applied to ADHD children. Up to two third (67.8%) believe that ADHD children experience difficulties in their relations with their classmates. There was a significant correlation between teachers' knowledge of ADHD and their attitude. The main sources of knowledge about ADHD were: Television, friends, newspapers/ magazines, specialized literature and medical personnel. Conclusions: Main conclusion of this study was the insufficient knowledge and moderate tolerant attitudes among teachers regarding to ADHD. Comprehensive training in ADHD is very necessary for the preliminary school teachers. It is the starting point for better diagnosis, management, and treatment of these children with ADHD.Öğe EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing): A Different Option in Psychotherapy(Yerkure Tanitim & Yayincilik Hizmetleri A S, 2010) Kavakci, Onder; Dogan, Orhan; Kugu, NesimIn recent years, there has been an interest in using the EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy. One of the reasons for this interest may be its effectiveness shown by numerous studies, especially, conducted with individuals who suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The EMDR is known to be an innovative approach that accelerates information processing and facilitates the integration of fragmented traumatic memories. This process is stated to allow better integration of the information that a person has to handle in the future. Recent practice guidelines and meta-analyses have designated the EMDR as a first-line treatment for trauma. Although the prevalences of trauma and trauma related disorders are high in Turkey, there has been a limited number of published studies highlighting treatment options. The EMDR's mechanism of action has not yet been fully explained. Shapiro has proposed an adaptive information processing model. Later, based on laboratory and neuroimaging methods, a number of neurobiological models have been suggested. The present study explained the EMDR and its eight-phases. A case example with session records was provided to show the application and operation of the technique. After that, leading neurobiological models which attempt to explain the mechanisms of action of the EMDR were summarized. Finally, few studies conducted in Turkey using the EMDR were reviewed. Given the effectiveness of the EMDR regarding trauma and related disorders, the utilization of the technique by a broad number of mental health professionals may not only increase the professionals' competency on psychiatric disorders, but also may provide patients suffering from these disorders a chance to recover in a relatively short period of time.Öğe EMDR treatment of fibromyalgia, a study of seven cases(CUMHURIYET UNIV TIP FAK PSIKIYATRI ANABILIM DALI, 2012) Kavakci, Onder; Semiz, Murat; Kaptanoglu, Ece; Ozer, ZaferObjective: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a nonarticular rheumatic disease with unknown etiology and is characterized by widespread pain, increased tenderness in some anatomical regions, increased pain sensitivity, sleep disorders, fatigue and frequently by psychological distress. Though many approaches have been tried there is no effective treatment for FMS. The relationship between FMS and psychiatric disorders is known, recently some researches point to the frequency of psychological trauma in patients with FMS. The search for treatment for chronic painful conditions has more and more focused to psychotherapeutic approaches. In this study, seven patients diagnosed were attempted to be treated with EMDR approach. Methods: 22-41years aged six women and one man diagnosed with FMS were admitted to the study. Before and after the treatment tender point count was identified and patients scored their pain levels at Visuel Analog Scale. Patients filled in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS). If the patients have reported, trauma was focused on, if they have not reported any trauma, pain was focused. Five-eight sessions of EMDR was applied to the patients. Results: After the treatment, there were statistically significant reduction in patient reported VAS, PSQI, FIQ, PDS, and BDI scores. There was signify-cant decrease in tender point counts. Though there was no change in trait anger, anger-in and anger-out subscores of STAS, the increase in anger management subscore was significant. After the treatment, none of the patients met the FMS criteria but one patient (6th patient). Conclusion: EMDR therapy was effective in the treatment of these patients with FMS. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2012;13:75-81)Öğe EMOTIONAL DISORDERS AMONG TURKISH UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS(PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS, 2008) Nur, Naim; Cetinkaya, Selma; Sabanciogullari, Vedat; Ozsahin, Sefa Levent; Kavakci, OnderObjective: Large numbers of medical student are reported to be suffering from emotional health problems in recent years. Its severity has also increased throughout the world. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of emotional disorders (ED) and to assess risk factors among medical students. Methodology: A total of 493 students were included in the current cross sectional study. The Twelve Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was voluntarily answered by medical students in the first to the fifth year class. Results : A total of 27.8% of medical students were found to have emotional disorders (ED) in the presented study. Factors found to have a significant association with ED were relationship of the respondents with their parents, siblings, lecturers, course mates, boy/girlfriend as well as pressure prior to examinations and periods of training in medical school. No difference was found between gender and age groups. Conclusion: Current results showed the prevalence of emotional disorders (ED) in crucial levels among the medical students. It is suggested that medical schools authorities should be aware of these problems and take effective measures to address them.Öğe Emotional disorders among Turkish undergraduate medical students(2008) Nur, Naim; Cetinkaya, Selma; Sabanciogullari, Vedat; Ozsahin, Sefa Levent; Kavakci, OnderObjective: Large numbers of medical student are reported to be suffering from emotional health problems in recent years. Its severity has also increased throughout the world. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of emotional disorders (ED) and to assess risk factors among medical students. Methodology: A total of 493 students were included in the current cross sectional study. The Twelve Item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was voluntarily answered by medical students in the first to the fifth year class. Results : A total of 27.8% of medical students were found to have emotional disorders (ED) in the presented study. Factors found to have a significant association with ED were relationship of the respondents with their parents, siblings, lecturers, course mates, boy/girlfriend as well as pressure prior to examinations and periods of training in medical school. No difference was found between gender and age groups. Conclusion: Current results showed the prevalence of emotional disorders (ED) in crucial levels among the medical students. It is suggested that medical schools authorities should be aware of these problems and take effective measures to address them.Öğe Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy on a Patient with Schizophrenia and Clinical Effects: A Case Study(TURKIYE SINIR VE RUH SAGLIGI DERNEGI, 2018) Yasar, Alisan Burak; Kiraz, Seda; Usta, Dilara; Abamor, Ayse Enise; Zengin Eroglu, Meliha; Kavakci, OnderBeing exposed to traumatic experiences is rather common in patients with schizophrenia. Adverse experiences may induce the onset of psychotic symptoms or trigger current symptoms to be exacerbated. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective therapy in the treatment of incidences with underlying traumatic experiences, there by it can be conducted on various cases in addition to other treatments such as psycho-medication or another therapy method. It was developed by Shapiro in 1980s. Although desensitization is widely applied on patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, it is unusual for EMDR therapy to be safely and effectively performed in the treatment of psychotic disorder sor symptoms. In the present case study, EMDR treatment process and course of psychiatric state in a patient with history of child hood abuse and forced psychiatric residency will be discussed. The patient who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia for 8 years was treated with antipsychotic treatment as well as 2 sessions of EMDR, and as a result, a positive change was observed in her general clinical course. Our thoughts on this phenomenon are that EMDR treatment is an effective, safe and short-term intervention in the comorbidity of PTSD and psychotic disorders. However, the literature about the place of EMDR in the treatment of schizophrenia cases is rather limited and much more research is needed.Öğe Frontotemporal Dementia: a Case Presentation(Yerkure Tanitim & Yayincilik Hizmetleri A S, 2010) Kugu, Nesim; Dogan, Orhan; Kavakci, Onder; Terlemez, IbrahimFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is, next to Alzheimer disease, the most frequently encountered form of primary degenerative dementia among middle-aged subjects. It generally begins insidiously between the ages of 45 and 65 years, and is seen in both genders with equal frequency. It is characterized by changes in personality, behavior, and affect, in addition to loss of insight, perseverative and stereotypical behaviours, and changes in eating habits. These patients appear normal upon neurological examination and routine electroencephalography (EEG), but brain imaging reveals focal abnormalities in the frontotemporal lobes. There is significant deficiency in executive functions. This study describes a male patient with FTD that had began insidiously in his fifties, and in whom the changes in personality and impairment in behavior were the striking symptoms (loss of insight, hyperorality, and dietary changes; compulsive and stereotypical behaviours; blunted affect, decrease in the amount of speech and retardation in expressional behaviours; impairment in personal hygiene; urinary and fecal incontinence) along with a family history of dementia. The neurological examination and routine electroencephalogram (EEG) of the patient were normal. His cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed asymmetric atrophy, particularly in the right hemisphere at the dorsolateral and orbitofrontal regions. Tc-99 HMPAO single photon emission tomography (SPECT) detected asymmetric hypoperfusion within an extended region, including the right frontal and parietal lobes. There was deficiency in frontal executive functions. Partial improvement in behavioral symptoms was achieved by treating the patient with quetiapine 300 mg/day. The present case study showed that detailed history, as well as medical examination including physical and neurological examination and brain imaging, must be performed in the case of middle-aged patients with insidious onset of psychiatric symptoms.Öğe Migraine prevalence, alexithymia, and post-traumatic stress disorder among medical students in Turkey(SPRINGEROPEN, 2012) Balaban, Hatice; Semiz, Murat; Senturk, Ilteris Ahmet; Kavakci, Onder; Cinar, Ziynet; Dikici, Ayfer; Topaktas, SuatThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of migraine, alexithymia, and post-traumatic stress disorder among medical students at Cumhuriyet University of Sivas in Turkey. A total of 250 medical students participated in this study and answered the questionnaires. The study was conducted in three stages: the self-questionnaire, the neurological evaluation, and the psychiatric evaluation. In the first stage, the subjects completed a questionnaire to assess migraine symptoms and completed the three-item Identification of Migraine Questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version Scale. The subjects who reported having a migraine underwent a detailed neurological evaluation conducted by a neurologist to confirm the diagnosis. In the final stage, the subjects with a migraine completed a psychiatric examination using the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-R Axis I. The actual prevalence of migraine among these medical students was 12.6 %. The students with a migraine were diagnosed with alexithymia and post-traumatic stress disorder more frequently than those without migraine. The Migraine Disability Assessment Scale scores correlated with the post-traumatic stress disorder scores. The results of this study indicate that migraine was highly prevalent among medical students in Turkey and was associated with the alexithymic personality trait and comorbid psychiatric disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder. Treatment strategies must be developed to manage these comorbidities.Öğe Paliperidone: As a Possible Cause of Pericardial Effusion(AVES, 2014) Sahpolat, Musa; Kucukdurmaz, Zekeriya; Kavakci, Onder; Kurt, RecepPaliperidone which is the active metabolite of risperidon is one of the novel antipsychotics. Controlled clinical studies proved its effectiveness on decreasing the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Some studies and case reports, reported its cardiovascular and cardiometabolic side effects. Cardiac tamponade, that may be mortal, wasn't reported as a side effect with paliperidone usage before. We present a 40 years old female with catatonic schizophrenia for eighteen years, whom was on 6 mg/day paliperidon for 3 years and presented with pericardial tamponade. We suggest that paliperdione may have cardiovascular and cardiometabolic side effects also in therapeutic doses.Öğe Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Migraine Patients: Migraine, Trauma and Alexithymia(GALENOS YAYINCILIK, 2013) Karsikaya, Sureyya; Kavakci, Onder; Kugu, Nesim; Guler, Aysegul SelcenIntroduction: In recent studies, it has been suggested that there is a relationship between migraine headaches and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The PTSD has not been diagnosed by a clinician in these studies; the evaluation has been carried out by the screening scales. Besides, it has also been asserted that there was relationship of alexithymia with migraine and other chronic painful disorders. In this study, our aim was to investigate the prevalence of clinically-diagnosed PTSD and alexithymic features among migraine patients. Methods: Sixty consecutive migraine patients sent from neurology clinic and 60 healthy controls having similar features constituted the sample of this study. SCID-I/CV PTSD module and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) was administered to the sample. The subjects also filled in the socio-demographic data form and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). The level of pain perceived by the migraine patients was evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: 17 subjects (28%) in the migraine group and 5 individuals (8.3%) in the control group were diagnosed with PTSD. Hence, PTSD was found to be statistically significantly higher in the migraine group. 25 persons in the migraine group (41.6%) and 12 in the control group (20%) scored above the TAS cutoff score in terms of alexithymic features. Alexithymia was found to be statistically significantly higher in the migraine group). In the migraine group, VAS scores of the ones with PTSD were statistically significantly higher compared to that in ones without PTSD. 94% of the persons diagnosed with PTSD in the migraine group reported that their migraine headaches started after a traumatic experience. In the migraine group, no statistically significant correlation was detected between CAPS and VAS scores in subjects with PTSD. Conclusion: In migraine patients, PTSD and alexithymic features have been found higher than in the healthy controls. Further studies are needed to search whether the practices aimed at treating the PTSD and alexithymic features can contribute to the treatment of migraine headaches or not.Öğe Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Alexithymia and Somatoform Dissociation in Patients with Fibromyalgia(BAYCINAR MEDICAL PUBL-BAYCINAR TIBBI YAYINCILIK, 2014) Semiz, Murat; Kavakci, Onder; Peksen, Halil; Tuncay, Mehmet Siddik; Ozer, Zafer; Semiz, Esra Aydinkal; Kaptanoglu, EceObjective: We investigated the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, alexithymia, and somatoform dissociative symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Material and Methods: Fifty-six consecutive patients with FM admitted to the outpatient department were enrolled in this study after providing informed consent. Forty-six patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were enrolled as controls. Participants completed the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ), the Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The impact of FM was measured with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Results: The number of patients reporting at least one traumatic event was higher in the FM (19, 33.9%) than in the RA (6, 13%) (X2=5.9, p=0.015) group. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was found in six (10.7%) of the 56 subjects with FM. In the RA group, no patients met the criteria for PTSD. Current PTSD prevalence was higher in the FM than in the RA group. Among those with FM group and traumatic experiences, FIQ scores were higher in patients with than without PTSD (p=0.02). Additionally, a positive correlation between traumatic experiences and use of analgesics (r=0.415, p=0.002) was also observed. FM patients had significantly higher scores than did RA patients on the CTQ, SDQ and TAS. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that PTSD, alexithymia, and dissociative symptoms positively influence the levels of pain and FM-related disability in FM patients. Treatment strategies may be developed to manage psychiatric conditions in fibromyalgia.Öğe Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and co-morbid disorders among students of Cumhuriyet University(EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, 2012) Kavakci, Onder; Kugu, Nesim; Semiz, Murat; Meydan, Feride; Karsikaya, Sureyya; Dogan, OrhanBackground and Objectives: Most of the previous studies investigated prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among university students with self report measures. Present study investigated actual prevalence of ADHD and comorbid disorders among university students in Cumhuriyet University of Sivas in Turkey. Methods: In the first stage, 980 university students filled in the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale and socio-demographic form, 79 of whom were above the cut-off score of Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, considered as possible ADHD. They were evaluated in the second stage via structured interview SCID I, SCID II, Adult ADHD Module of MINI Plus. In addition, subjects filled in the self report Adult ADD/ADHD DSM IV-Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale. Results: The self report ADHD prevalence rate was 10.1% and the actual prevalence rate of ADHD among the university students was calculated 6.1%. The prevalence of ADHD was greater among male than female (7.0% vs. 5.5%). Among the male students inattentive subtype was 1.6%, hyperactive-impulsive 0.24%, combined 5.1%. Female students were found to be inattentive by 1.45%, hyperactive-impulsive by 0.56% and combined type by 3.48%. Most of the students with ADHD had Axis I (especially depressive disorders) and Axis II disorders (especially cluster B personality disorders). ADHD diagnosis was associated with more cigarette and alcohol use, academic failure, legal problems, somatic complaints and suicide attempts. Students with ADHD were spending more time on the Internet than students without ADHD. Only one student diagnosed with ADHD reported to have had previous ADHD diagnosis. Conclusions: ADHD is common among university students. Having a diagnosis of ADHD in early adulthood seems to be associated with psychological, social, and academic problems.Öğe Prevalence of depression and cognitive impairment in old age in Trabzon(CUMHURIYET UNIV TIP FAK PSIKIYATRI ANABILIM DALI, 2011) Kavakci, Onder; Bilici, Mustafa; Cam, Gamze; Ulgen, MetinObjective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression and cognitive impairment, in addition to investigate the relation between these disorders and sociodemographic variables in 55 years of age and older population of Trabzon city. Methods: There has been interviewed with the aged of 55 and over 3093 people who represented Trabzon province. In the study, sociodemographic data form, the Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) form, Geriatric Depression Scale forms were administered. Results: The prevalence of the depression was found to be 13.6% and the prevalence of the cognitive impairment was detected as 17.1% in the 55 years and over aged group in the province of Trabzon. The presence of depression was detected significantly in females and in those with cognitive impairment. The rate of occurring depression has increased significantly with age. Female gender, ageing, to be widowed, low educational level, hypertension, smoking, a history of head trauma, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), Parkinson's disease, a history of rheumatic disease, left-handedness were determined as the possible risks for depression. Increased MMSE score, male gender, longer educational period, smoking was found out as reduce the risk of depression. The risk factors for cognitive impairment include; female gender, ageing, being single, being uneducated, head injury, CVA, Parkinson's disease, a history of rheumatic disease and depression. Male gender, increased educational level, being married, alcohol and tobacco use was found to decrease the risk for cognitive impairment. The number of individuals with cognitive impairment and the level of cognitive impairment increase with age. Conclusion: Depression and cognitive impairment are common in in 55 years of age and older population, and increase with age progression and seem to be related to each other. Women are under greater risk for both disorders. Improving education and physical health protection may be protective for both disorders. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2011; 12:258-265)Öğe The Prevalence of Eating Disorders and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in the Sivas Province(TURKIYE SINIR VE RUH SAGLIGI DERNEGI, 2013) Semiz, Murat; Kavakci, Onder; Yagiz, Aysegul; Yontar, Gozde; Kugu, NesimObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) in the Sivas province, and to identify the sociodemographic characteristics and co-morbid axis-I and axis-II diagnoses in EDs. Method: 1122 people between 18-44 years of age were enrolled in the study after completing the eating attitude test (EAT), and people who had points around the cut-off score had clinical interviews. The control group included subjects that were age- and sex-matched with the ED group, were not diagnosed with an ED, and had an EAT score <30. In order to determine the following as axis I or axis II, SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders) and SCID-II (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders) were performed on both the eating disorder and control groups. Results: As a result of the scanning done with EAT, we observed that 5.25% of this population might have an eating behavior disorder. The prevalence of the eating disorders was found to be 1.52% by the structured clinical interview in the second step of the study. While the prevalence of bulimia nervosa was determined to be 0.63%, that of binge eating disorder was 0.81%. The diagnosis of ED is common and statistically significant among women (88.2%). According to the study, persons diagnosed with ED were more likely to have a moderate income as compared with those who were not diagnosed with an ED. Also, people with ED had been exposed to more traumas, and it was more likely that someone in their family had a psychiatric diagnosis. Among the patient group, the axis I and axis II co-morbidity rates were significantly higher than those of the control group. 47% (8/17) of the patients were determined to have a co-morbid axis I diagnosis. The most frequently diagnosed co-morbidity was major depressive disorder. 41% of the patients were determined to have an axis II diagnosis. The most common rate of diagnosis was 11.8% for both obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and avoidant personality disorder. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the point prevalence rate for EDs among all the participants was 1.52%, with binge eating disorder being the most prevalent ED. Psychiatric co-morbidity is common in patients with eating disorders. An ED is a disease that can be seen in different age groups and socioeconomic levels. Studies with larger samples, including different regions of the country and different age groups, and with diagnoses that have been confirmed by clinical interviews, are required.
