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Öğe Arayüz çürüklerinin tespit edilmesinde kullanılan radyografik yöntemlerin sensitivite ve spesifitesinin değerlendirilmesi(Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, 2015) Koraltan, Melike; Yeler, Defne YalçınZamanında, kesin ve doğru yapılan bir tanı, başarılı bir tedavi uygulamasının ilk adımıdır. Çürük lezyonlarının teşhisi öncelikli olarak görsel-dokunsal muayene ve radyografik incelemeye dayanır. Çürük teşhisindeki yöntemlerin lezyonu erken dönemde teşhis edebilme kapasitesinin yüksek olması, çürüğün durdurulması ve gereksiz tedavinin önüne geçilmesini sağlar. Çürük teşhisinde yeni yöntem arayışlarıyla birlikte, rutinde kullanılan yöntemlerin yeni program ve yazılımlarla geliştirilerek, en iyi görüntüleme düzeyine ulaştırma çabaları da devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, beş farklı radyografik görüntüleme yönteminin posterior dişlerde arayüz çürük teşhisindeki sensitivite, spesifisite ve doğruluk değerleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada sırasıyla; dijital panoramik cihazın bitewing, P1 ve P4 programlarında alınmış görüntüleri, fosfor plakla alınmış bitewing görüntüleri ve geleneksel bitewing radyografileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada çürüklü ve çürüksüz 72 adet çekilmiş daimi premolar ve molar dişler kullanılmıştır. Akrilik çene modellerine yerleştirilen bu dişlerin, bahsedilen yöntemlerle radyografik görüntüleri elde edilmiştir. Görüntüler arayüz çürük varlığı ve derinliği yönünden dört ayrı skor kullanılarak, üç gözlemci tarafından birer hafta arayla iki kez skorlanmıştır. Çürük varlığı ve derinliğinin gerçek düzeyinin belirlenmesi için histopatolojik inceleme yapılmıştır. Gözlemci içi ve gözlemciler arası uyumun hesaplanmasında kappa istatistiği kullanılmıştır. Histopatolojik inceleme ile radyografik incelemeden elde edilen skorlara ROC analizi uygulanmış ve yöntemlerin sensitivite, spesifiste ve doğruluk değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre; gözlemci içi uyum ve gözlemciler arası uyum (kappa oranı) sırasıyla 0.61-0.83, 0.55-0.81 arasında değişmiş ve uyum güçlü bulunmuştur. Gözlemciler arası uyum en yüksek geleneksel bitewing ve standart panoramik programlarında elde edilmiştir. ROC analizinde ortalama Az değerleri en yüksek fosfor plak sistemde (0.757), en düşük panoramik cihazın standart programında (0.636) bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Yöntemlerin ortalama sensitivite ve spesifite değerleri sırasıyla; geleneksel yöntem için 0.64- 0.85, fosfor plakiçin 0.64- 0.87, standart program için 0.40- 0.87, ortogonal program için 0.56- 0.85, ekstraoral bitewing için 0.59- 0.90 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak mine çürüğü düzeyinde hiçbir radyografik yöntem yeterli değildir. Panoramik cihazlarda ortogonal ve bitewing programlar süperpozisyonların azaltılmasında etkilidir. Fosfor plaklar avantajları da göz önüne alındığında, arayüz çürük teşhisinde ilk tercih edilen görüntüleme yöntemi olabilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Arayüz çürükleri, dijital panoramik radyografi, bitewing radyografi, fosfor plak sistemlerÖğe Evaluation of alveolar pneumatization in maxillary sinus and related factors by panoramic and CBCT imaging methods(2019) Ketenci, Fatmanur; Yeler, Defne Yalçın; Koraltan, Melike; Ünal, YenerAim: Sinus pneumatization; is a physiological processthat increases the volume of sinus. In dentistry, evaluationcorrectly of presence the alveolar pneumatizationof maxillary sinus and relations between tooth root andthe sinus floor is important because of prevent possiblecomplications in dental treatments to be applied to posteriorregion. Therefore, this study aimed to identify thesensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of usuallypreferred panoramic radiography in dental clinics; indetecting alveolar pneumatization and the relations betweendental roots and sinus floor compared to CBCT.Additionally, the aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalenceof pneumatization in the Turkish sub-populationand possible associations with sinus pathologies withCBCT imaging.Materials and Method: 600 maxillary sinus images wereexamined with 'panoramic radiography and CBCT’. Inthe maxillary sinuses; alveolar pneumatization, mucosalthickening and the presence of other pathologies andthe relations between posterior tooth roots and sinusfloor were recorded.Conclusions: Alveolar pneumatization in 81.3% of patients,mucosal thickening in 63% and other pathologiesin 31.7% of patients was found. There was a statisticallysignificant difference between age groups in terms ofpneumatization and relation between tooth root and sinusfloor (p<0.05). Presence or absence of posterior teethwas effective on pneumatization (p<0.05).Panoramic radiographs show tooth roots more closelyrelated to the sinuses, especially when tooth root is adjacentto sinus. So dentist sometimes anticipates an unnecessaryperforation risk, but this condition doesn’t pose arisk for the patient. Therefore panoramic radiography canbe used to evaluate the relation between tooh root andsinus floor, but CBCT should be preferred for definite diagnosis.Öğe Is there any specific education discipline associated with a risk for developing smoking habit and possible sleep bruxism? A study on university students.(Selcuk University, 2018) Yeler, Defne; Koraltan, Melike; Yeler, Hasan; Yılmaz, Nurbengü; Ünal, YenerBackground:The aim of this study was to evaluate whether different disciplines of education had any impact on developing smoking habit and possible sleep bruxism in university students from different disciplines of education, and to assess the potential relationship between smoking and possible bruxism.Methods:The study was conducted retrospectively using data from questionnaires completed by a total of 457 university students including 195 males (43%) and 262 females (57%) with an age range of 17-34 years who admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University for dental care between 2012 and 2014. On these questionnaires, responses to questions concerning sociodemographic data, smoking habit, possible sleep bruxism and the faculties of students had been recorded. A chi-square test was utilized for the statistical analyses of the study findings using the SPSS 20.0 software.Results:Smoking habit was significantly more prevalent in engineering students and males (p <0.05). Although the frequency of possible sleep bruxism was higher in smoking students compared to non-smokers, the difference was not significant. Neither gender nor education discipline was significantly associated with possible sleep bruxism (p> 0.05).Conclusions:While different education disciplines were found to have an impact on smoking habit, they had no effect on possible sleep bruxism.Keywords:bruxism, faculty, smoking habit, university student.Öğe Structural changes in periodontium of rats exposed to a low concentration of hydrogen sulfide for 50 days(SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2016) Yeler, Defne Yalcin; Hocaoglu, Turgay; Koraltan, Melike; Aydin, Murat; Gul, Mehmet; Gul, SemirThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of H2S inhalation at a low concentration (at human equivalent dose of pathologic halitosis) on rat periodontium over a long term (50 days). The threshold level of pathologic halitosis perceived by humans at 250 ppb of H2S was converted to rat equivalent concentration (4.15 ppm). Rats in the experimental (H2S) group (n = 8) were exposed to H2S continuously but not the control rats (n = 8). After 50 days, periodontal tissue samples were taken from the mandibular first molar region and examined histopathologically to determine inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI), osteoblastic activities, number of osteoclasts, and resorption lacunae. Sulcular epithelium layer destruction was observed in the H2S group. Frequency of ICI was significantly higher in the H2S group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The number of osteoclasts were found significantly higher in the H2S group (34.28 +/- 3.28) compared to the control group (8.85 +/- 1.85) (P < 0.05) and the number of resorption lacunae were also higher in the cementum tissue (6.1 +/- 2.4) and alveolar bone (3.8 +/- 1.5) versus their corresponding control groups (1.6 +/- 0.5 and 1.4 +/- 0.5, respectively) (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to osteoblastic activity. H2S inhalation induces inflammatory changes in the periodontium as well as resorption of the alveolar bone and cementum tissue in rats. These histopathologic changes in periodontal tissues support the idea that long-term H2S inhalation may have a destructive effect on periodontal tissues.Öğe A survey on the potential relationships between TMD, possible sleep bruxism, unilateral chewing, and occlusal factors in Turkish university students(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2017) Yeler, Defne Yalcin; Yilmaz, Nurbengu; Koraltan, Melike; Aydin, EzgiObjective: To evaluate whether there is a relationship between possible sleep bruxism (PSB), temporomandibular disorders (TMD), unilateral chewing (UC), and occlusal factors in university students recruited from Cumhuriyet University in Turkey. Methods: For this cross-sectional survey, 519 (223 males, mean age 21.57 +/- 2.3 years, 296 females, mean age 21.02 +/- 2 years) university students who admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University for dental care between 2012 and 2014 were selected randomly. Students were asked to complete a questionnaire form including questions about TMD, PSB and UC. Presence and direction of malocclusion were recorded during clinical examination. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: It was found that 96.6% of the students with PSB had TMD (p<0.05). The prevalence of severe TMD was high among students with PSB. There was a significant association between UC, PSB and TMD (p<0.05). No statistically significant association was found between occlusal factors and PSB and TMD (p>0.05). Conclusion: Sleep bruxism, which heavily depends on self-report, is significantly associated with TMD. Unilateral chewing seems to be a common factor for development of SB and TMD. However, further studies are needed to corroborate this finding. Additionally, this study supports the hypothesis that occlusal factors are not related to self-reported sleep bruxism.Öğe Systemic effects of H2S inhalation at human equivalent dose of pathologic halitosis on rats(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2017) Yeler, Defne Yalcin; Aydin, Murat; Gul, Mehmet; Hocaoglu, Turgay; Ozdemir, Hakan; Koraltan, MelikeObjectives: Halitosis is composed by hundreds of toxic gases. It is still not clear whether halitosis gases self-inhaled by halitosis patients cause side effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of H2S inhalation at a low concentration (human equivalent dose of pathologic halitosis) on rats. Materials and methods: The threshold level of pathologic halitosis perceived by humans at 250ppb of H2S was converted to rat equivalent concentration (4.15ppm). In the experimental group, 8 rats were exposed to H2S via continuous inhalation but not the control rats. After 50 days, blood parameters were measured and tissue samples were obtained from the brain, kidney and liver and examined histopathologically to determine any systemic effect. Results: While aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase levels were found to be significantly elevated, carbondioxide and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in experimental rats. Other blood parameters were not changed significantly. Experimental rats lost weight and became anxious.Histopathological examination showed mononuclear inflammatory cell invasion in the portal areas, nuclear glycogen vacuoles in the parenchymal area, single-cell necrosis in a few foci, clear expansion in the central hepatic vein and sinusoids, hyperplasia in Kupffer cells and potential fibrous tissue expansion in the portal areas in the experimental rats. However, no considerable histologic damage was observed in the brain and kidney specimens. Conclusions: It can be concluded that H2S inhalation equivalent to pathologic halitosis producing level in humans may lead to systemic effects, particularly heart or liver damage in rats.Öğe Ultrastructural changes in epithelial cells of rats exposed to low concentration of hydrogen sulfide for 50 days(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2016) Yeler, Defne Yalcin; Aydin, Murat; Hocaoglu, Peyami Turgay; Koraltan, Melike; Ozdemir, Hakan; Kotil, Tugba; Gul, MehmetHydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) appear mainly in the oral air of patients with halitosis. It seems that VSCs are directly involved in the pathogenesis of gingival diseases. In previous studies, short-term (7 hours-4 days), high concentrations (5-400 ppm) of H2S applications on periodontal tissues have been evaluated in a culture medium. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of lower (equivalent to halitosis) concentrations of H2S on rat gingival tissue for longer-term inhalation. The threshold level of pathologic halitosis perceived by humans at 250 ppb of H2S was converted to rat equivalent concentration (4.15 ppm). Rats in the experimental (H2S) group (n=8) were exposed to H2S continuously but not the control rats (n=8). After 50 days, the gingival sulcular tissue samples of each rat were taken and examined using transmission electron microscope. Ultrastructural changes in the sulcular epithelia of the rat gingiva showed deformation of celullar shape, vacuolization, and disintegrity of intercelullar connection by loss of desmosomes and collagen fibrils. No basal membrane damage was observed. Inhalation of low levels of H2S (equivalent of halitosis) in the oral environment causes ultrastructural celullar damages in rat sulcular mucosa. These results suggest that halitosis may be the potential reason for periodontal destruction in humans.
