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    Antituberculosis drug resistance patterns in adults with tuberculous meningitis: results of haydarpasa-iv study
    (BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2015) Senbayrak, Seniha; Ozkutuk, Nuri; Erdem, Hakan; Johansen, Isik Somuncu; Civljak, Rok; Inal, Ayse Seza; Kayabas, Uner; Kursun, Ebru; Elaldi, Nazif; Savic, Branislava; Simeon, Soline; Yilmaz, Emel; Dulovic, Olga; Ozturk-Engin, Derya; Ceran, Nurgul; Lakatos, Botond; Sipahi, Oguz Resat; Sunbul, Mustafa; Yemisen, Mucahit; Alabay, Selma; Beovic, Bojana; Ulu-Kilic, Aysegul; Cag, Yasemin; Catroux, Melanie; Inan, Asuman; Dragovac, Gorana; Deveci, Ozcan; Tekin, Recep; Gul, Hanefi Cem; Sengoz, Gonul; Andre, Katell; Harxhi, Arjan; Hansmann, Yves; Oncu, Serkan; Kose, Sukran; Oncul, Oral; Parlak, Emine; Sener, Alper; Yilmaz, Gulden; Savasci, Umit; Vahaboglu, Haluk
    Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to antituberculosis drugs is an increasingly common clinical problem. This study aimed to evaluate drug resistance profiles of TBM isolates in adult patients in nine European countries involving 32 centers to provide insight into the empiric treatment of TBM. Methods: Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 142 patients and was tested for susceptibility to first-line antituberculosis drugs, streptomycin (SM), isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF) and ethambutol (EMB). Results: Twenty of 142 isolates (14.1 %) were resistant to at least one antituberculosis drug, and five (3.5 %) were resistant to at least INH and RIF, [multidrug resistant (MDR)]. The resistance rate was 12, 4.9, 4.2 and 3.5 % for INH, SM, EMB and RIF, respectively. The monoresistance rate was 6.3, 1.4 and 0.7 % for INH, SM and EMB respectively. There was no monoresistance to RIF. The mortality rate was 23.8 % in fully susceptible cases while it was 33.3 % for those exhibiting monoresistance to INH, and 40 % in cases with MDR-TBM. In compared to patients without resistance to any firstline drug, the relative risk of death for INH-monoresistance and MDR-TBM was 1.60 (95 % CI, 0.38-6.82) and 2.14 (95 % CI, 0: 34-13: 42), respectively. Conclusion: INH-resistance and MDR rates seemed not to be worrisome in our study. However, considering their adverse effects on treatment, rapid detection of resistance to at least INH and RIF would be most beneficial for designing anti-TB therapy. Still, empiric TBM treatment should be started immediately without waiting the drug susceptibility testing.
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    Comparison of brucellar and tuberculous spondylodiscitis patients: results of the multicenter "Backbone-1 Study"
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2015) Erdem, Hakan; Elaldi, Nazif; Batirel, Ayse; Aliyu, Sani; Sengoz, Gonul; Pehlivanoglu, Filiz; Ramosaco, Ergys; Gulsun, Serda; Tekin, Recep; Mete, Birgul; Balkan, Ilker Inanc; Sevgi, Dilek Yildiz; Giannitsioti, Efthymia; Fragou, Archontoula; Kaya, Selcuk; Cetin, Birsen; Oktenoglu, Tune; DoganCelik, Aygul; Karaca, Banu; Horasan, Elif Sahin; Ulug, Mehmet; Man, Asuman; Kaya, Safak; Arslanalp, Esra; Ates-Guler, Selma; Willke, Ayse; Senol, Sebnem; Inan, Dilara; Guclu, Ertugrul; Tuncer-Ertem, Gunay; Meric-Koc, Meliha; Tasbakan, Meitem; Senbayrak, Seniha; Cicek-Senturk, Gonul; Sirmatel, Fatma; Ocal, Gulfem; Kocagoz, Sesin; Kusoglu, Hulya; Guven, Turner; Baran, Ali Irfan; Dede, Behiye; Yilmaz-Karadag, Fatma; Kose, Sukran; Yilmaz, Hava; Asian, Gonul; Algallad, D. Ashraf; Cesur, Salih; El-Sokkary, Rehab; Bekiroglu, Nural; Vahaboglu, Haluk
    BACKGROUND CONTEXT: No direct comparison between brucellar spondylodiscitis (BSD) and tuberculous spondylodiscitis (TSD) exists in the literature. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare directly the clinical features, laboratory and radiological aspects, treatment, and outcome data of patients diagnosed as BSD and TSD. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective, multinational, and multicenter study was used. PATIENT SAMPLE: A total of 641 (TSD, 314 and BSD, 327) spondylodiscitis patients from 35 different centers in four countries (Turkey, Egypt, Albania, and Greece) were included. OUTCOME MEASURES: The pre- and peri- or post-treatment spinal deformity and neurologic deficit parameters, and mortality were carried out. METHODS: Brucellar spondylodiscitis and TSD groups were compared for demographics, clinical, laboratory, radiological, surgical interventions, treatment, and outcome data. The Student t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for group comparisons. Significance was analyzed as two sided and inferred at 0.05 levels. RESULTS: The median baseline laboratory parameters including white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were higher in TSD than BSD (p<.0001). Prevertebral, paravertebral, epidural, and psoas abscess formations along with loss of vertebral corpus height and calcification were significantly more frequent in TSD compared with BSD (p<.01). Surgical interventions and percutaneous sampling or abscess drainage were applied more frequently in TSD (p<.0001). Spinal complications including gibbus deformity, kyphosis, and scoliosis, and the number of spinal neurologic deficits, including loss of sensation, motor weakness, and paralysis were significantly higher in the TSD group (p<.05). Mortality rate was 2.22% (7 patients) in TSD, and it was 0.61% (2 patients) in the BSD group (p=.1). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that TSD is a more suppurative disease with abscess formation requiring surgical intervention and characterized with spinal complications. We propose that using a constellation of constitutional symptoms (fever, back pain, and weight loss), pulmonary involvement, high inflammatory markers, and radiological findings will help to differentiate between TSD and BSD at an early stage before microbiological results are available. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Cranial imaging findings in neurobrucellosis: results of Istanbul-3 study
    (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2016) Erdem, Hakan; Senbayrak, Seniha; Meric, Kaan; Batirel, Ayse; Karahocagil, Mustafa Kasim; Hasbun, Rodrigo; Sengoz, Gonul; Karsen, Hasan; Kaya, Seluk; Inal, Ayse Seza; Pekok, Abdullah Umut; Celen, Mustafa Kemal; Deniz, Secil; Ulug, Mehmet; Demirdal, Tuna; Namiduru, Mustafa; Tekin, Recep; Guven, Tumer; Parlak, Emine; Bolukcu, Sibel; Avci, Meltem; Sipahi, Oguz Resat; Ozturk-Engin, Derya; Yasar, Kadriye; Pehlivanoglu, Filiz; Yilmaz, Emel; Ates-Guler, Selma; Mutlu-Yilmaz, Esmeray; Tosun, Selma; Sirmatel, Fatma; Sahin-Horasan, Elif; Akbulut, Ayhan; Oztoprak, Nefise; Cag, Yasemin; Kadanali, Ayten; Turgut, Huseyin; Baran, Ali Irfan; Gul, Hanefi Cem; Sunnetcioglu, Mahmut; Haykir-Solay, Asli; Denk, Affan; Inan, Asuman; Ayaz, Celal; Ulcay, Asim; Kose, Sukran; Agalar, Canan; Elaldi, Nazif
    Objective Neuroimaging abnormalities in central nervous system (CNS) brucellosis are not well documented. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of imaging abnormalities in neurobrucellosis and to identify factors associated with leptomeningeal and basal enhancement, which frequently results in unfavorable outcomes. Methods Istanbul-3 study evaluated 263 adult patients with CNS brucellosis from 26 referral centers and reviewed their 242 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 226 computerized tomography (CT) scans of the brain. Results A normal CT or MRI scan was seen in 143 of 263 patients (54.3 %). Abnormal imaging findings were grouped into the following four categories: (a) inflammatory findings: leptomeningeal involvements (44), basal meningeal enhancements (30), cranial nerve involvements (14), spinal nerve roots enhancement (8), brain abscesses (7), granulomas (6), and arachnoiditis (4). (b) White-matter involvement: white-matter involvement (32) with or without demyelinating lesions (7). (c) Vascular involvement: vascular involvement (42) mostly with chronic cerebral ischemic changes (37). (d) Hydrocephalus/cerebral edema: hydrocephalus (20) and brain edema (40). On multivariate logistic regression analysis duration of symptoms since the onset (OR 1.007; 95 % CI 1-28, p = 0.01), polyneuropathy and radiculopathy (OR 5.4; 95 % CI 1.002-1.013, p = 0.044), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum glucose rate (OR 0.001; 95 % CI 000-0.067, p = 0.001), and CSF protein (OR 2.5; 95 % CI 2.32.7, p = 0.0001) were associated with diffuse inflammation. Conclusions In this study, 45 % of neurobrucellosis patients had abnormal neuroimaging findings. The duration of symptoms, polyneuropathy and radiculopathy, high CSF protein level, and low CSF/serum glucose rate were associated with inflammatory findings on imaging analyses.
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    Hamsi scoring in the prediction of unfavorable outcomes from tuberculous meningitis: results of Haydarpasa-II study
    (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2015) Erdem, Hakan; Ozturk-Engin, Derya; Tireli, Hulya; Kilicoglu, Gamze; Defres, Sylviane; Gulsun, Serda; Sengoz, Gonul; Crisan, Alexandru; Johansen, Isik Somuncu; Inan, Asuman; Nechifor, Mihai; Al-Mahdawi, Akram; Civljak, Rok; Ozguler, Muge; Savic, Branislava; Ceran, Nurgul; Cacopardo, Bruno; Inal, Ayse Seza; Namiduru, Mustafa; Dayan, Saim; Kayabas, Uner; Parlak, Emine; Khalifa, Ahmad; Kursun, Ebru; Sipahi, Oguz Resat; Yemisen, Mucahit; Akbulut, Ayhan; Bitirgen, Mehmet; Popovic, Natasa; Kandemir, Bahar; Luca, Catalina; Parlak, Mehmet; Stahl, Jean Paul; Pehlivanoglu, Filiz; Simeon, Soline; Ulu-Kilic, Aysegul; Yasar, Kadriye; Yilmaz, Gulden; Yilmaz, Emel; Beovic, Bojana; Catroux, Melanie; Lakatos, Botond; Sunbul, Mustafa; Oncul, Oral; Alabay, Selma; Sahin-Horasan, Elif; Kose, Sukran; Shehata, Ghaydaa; Andre, Katell; Dragovac, Gorana; Gul, Hanefi Cem; Karakas, Ahmet; Chadapaud, Stephane; Hansmann, Yves; Harxhi, Arjan; Kirova, Valerija; Masse-Chabredier, Isabelle; Oncu, Serkan; Sener, Alper; Tekin, Recep; Elaldi, Nazif; Deveci, Ozcan; Ozkaya, Hacer Deniz; Karabay, Oguz; Senbayrak, Seniha; Agalar, Canan; Vahaboglu, Haluk
    Predicting unfavorable outcome is of paramount importance in clinical decision making. Accordingly, we designed this multinational study, which provided the largest case series of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). 43 centers from 14 countries (Albania, Croatia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Hungary, Iraq, Italy, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Syria, Turkey) submitted data of microbiologically confirmed TBM patients hospitalized between 2000 and 2012. Unfavorable outcome was defined as survival with significant sequela or death. In developing our index, binary logistic regression models were constructed via 200 replicates of database by bootstrap resampling methodology. The final model was built according to the selection frequencies of variables. The severity scale included variables with arbitrary scores proportional to predictive powers of terms in the final model. The final model was internally validated by bootstrap resampling. A total of 507 patients' data were submitted among which 165 had unfavorable outcome. Eighty-six patients died while 119 had different neurological sequelae in 79 (16 %) patients. The full model included 13 variables. Age, nausea, vomiting, altered consciousness, hydrocephalus, vasculitis, immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus and neurological deficit remained in the final model. Scores 1-3 were assigned to the variables in the severity scale, which included scores of 1-6. The distribution of mortality for the scores 1-6 was 3.4, 8.2, 20.6, 31, 30 and 40.1 %, respectively. Altered consciousness, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, neurological deficits, hydrocephalus, and vasculitis predicted the unfavorable outcome in the scoring and the cumulative score provided a linear estimation of prognosis.
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    Molecular epidemiological investigation of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from intensive care unit patients of six geographical regions of Turkey
    (J Infection Developing Countries, 2023) Kose, Sukran; Dal, Tuba; Cetinkaya, Riza Aytac; Ari, Oguz; Yenilmez, Ercan; Temel, Esra Nurlu; Cetin, Emel Sesli
    Introduction: Klebsiella pneumonia causes serious infections in hospitalized patients. In recent years, carbapenem-resistant infections increased in the world. The molecular epidemiological investigation of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates was aimed in this study.Methodology: Fifty carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates from six geographical regions of Turkey between September 2019-2020 were included in the study. The disk diffusion method was used for the antibiotic susceptibility testing. The microdilution confirmed colistin susceptibility. Genetic diversity was investigated by MLST (Multi-Locus Sequence Typing).Results: The resistance rates were as follows: 49 (98%) for meropenem, 47 (94%) imipenem, 50 (100%) ertapenem, 30 (60%) colistin and amoxicillin-clavulanate, 49 (98%) ceftriaxone, 48 (96%) cefepime, 50 (100%) piperacillin-tazobactam, 47 (94%) ciprofloxacin, 40 (80%) amikacin, 37 (74%) gentamicin. An isolate resistant to colistin by disk diffusion was found as susceptible to microdilution. ST 2096 was the most common (n:16) sequence type by MLST. ST 101 (n:7), ST14 (n:6), ST 147 and ST 15 (n:4), ST391 (n:3), ST 377 and ST16 (n:2), ST22, ST 307, ST 985, ST 336, ST 345, and ST 3681 (n:1) were classified in other isolates. In Istanbul and Ankara ST2096 was common. Among Turkey isolates, the most common clonal complexes (CC) were CC14 (n:26) and CC11 (n = 7).Conclusions: In Turkey, a polyclonal population of CC14 throughout the country and inter-hospital spread were indicated. The use of molecular typing tools will highlight understanding the transmission dynamics.
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    Mortality indicators in pneumococcal meningitis: therapeutic implications
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2014) Erdem, Hakan; Elaldi, Nazif; Oztoprak, Nefise; Sengoz, Gonul; Ak, Oznur; Kaya, Selcuk; Inan, Asuman; Nayman-Alpat, Saygin; Ulu-Kilic, Aysegul; Pekok, Abdullah Umut; Gunduz, Alper; Gozel, Mustafa G.; Pehlivanoglu, Filiz; Yasar, Kadriye; Yilmaz, Hava; Hatipoglu, Mustafa; Cicek-Senturk, Gonul; Akcam, Fusun Z.; Inkaya, Ahmet C.; Kazak, Esra; Sagmak-Tartar, Ayse; Tekin, Recep; Ozturk-Engin, Derya; Ersoy, Yasemin; Sipahi, Oguz Resat; Guven, Tumer; Tuncer-Ertem, Gunay; Alabay, Selma; Akbulut, Ayhan; Balkan, Ilker I.; Oncul, Oral; Cetin, Birsen; Dayan, Saim; Ersoz, Gulden; Karakas, Ahmet; Ozgunes, Nail; Sener, Alper; Yesilkaya, Aysegul; Erturk, Ayse; Gundes, Sibel; Karabay, Oguz; Sirmatel, Fatma; Tosun, Selma; Turhan, Vedat; Yalci, Aysun; Akkoyunlu, Yasemin; Aydin, Emsal; Diktas, Husrev; Kose, Sukran; Ulcay, Asim; Seyman, Derya; Savasci, Umit; Leblebicioglu, Hakan; Vahaboglu, Haluk
    Background: The aim of this study was to delineate mortality indicators in pneumococcal meningitis with special emphasis on therapeutic implications. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter cohort study involved a 15-year period (1998-2012). Culture-positive cases (n = 306) were included solely from 38 centers. Results: Fifty-eight patients received ceftriaxone plus vancomycin empirically. The rest were given a third-generation cephalosporin alone. Overall, 246 (79.1%) isolates were found to be penicillin-susceptible, 38 (12.2%) strains were penicillin-resistant, and 22 (7.1%) were oxacillin-resistant (without further minimum inhibitory concentration testing for penicillin). Being a critical case (odds ratio (OR) 7.089, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.230-15.557) and age over 50 years (OR 3.908, 95% CI 1.820-8.390) were independent predictors of mortality, while infection with a penicillin-susceptible isolate (OR 0.441, 95% CI 0.195-0.996) was found to be protective. Empirical vancomycin use did not provide significant benefit (OR 2.159, 95% CI 0.949-4.912). Conclusions: Ceftriaxone alone is not adequate in the management of pneumococcal meningitis due to penicillin-resistant pneumococci, which is a major concern worldwide. Although vancomycin showed a trend towards improving the prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis, significant correlation in statistical terms could not be established in this study. Thus, further studies are needed for the optimization of pneumococcal meningitis treatment. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. All rights reserved.
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    Withdrawal of Staphylococcus aureus from intensive care units in Turkey
    (MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2013) Erdem, Hakan; Dizbay, Murat; Karabey, Selma; Kaya, Selcuk; Demirdal, Tuna; Koksal, Iftihar; Inan, Asuman; Erayman, Ibrahim; Ak, Oznur; Ulu-Kilic, Aysegul; Karasahin, Omer; Akbulut, Ayhan; Elaldi, Nazif; Yilmaz, Gulden; Candevir, Aslihan; Gul, Hanefi Cem; Gonen, Ibak; Oncul, Oral; Aslan, Turan; Azak, Emel; Tekin, Recep; Tufan, Zeliha Kocak; Yenilmez, Ercan; Arda, Bilgin; Gungor, Gokay; Cetin, Birsen; Kose, Sukran; Turan, Hale; Akalin, Halis; Karabay, Oguz; Dogan-Celik, Aygul; Albayrak, Adem; Guven, Tumer; Celebi, Guven; Ozgunes, Nail; Ersoy, Yasemin; Sirmatel, Fatma; Oztoprak, Nefise; Balkan, Ilker Inanc; Bayazit, Fatma Nurhayat; Ucmak, Hasan; Oncu, Serkan; Ozdemir, Davut; Ozturk-Engin, Derya; Bitirgen, Mehmet; Tabak, Fehmi; Akata, Filiz; Willke, Ayse; Gorenek, Levent; Ahmed, Salman Shaheer; Tasova, Yesim; Ulcay, Asim; Dayan, Saim; Esen, Saban; Leblebicioglu, Hakan; Altun, Begin; Unal, Serhat
    Background: In the past, Staphylococcus aureus infections have displayed various patterns of epidemiologic curves in hospitals, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to characterize the current trend in a nationwide survey of ICUs in Turkey. Methods: A total of 88 ICUs from 36 Turkish tertiary hospitals were included in this retrospective study, which was performed during the first 3 months of both 2008 (period [P] 1) and 2011 (P2). A P value <=.01 was considered significant. Results: Although overall rates of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and device-associated infection densities were similar in P1 and P2, the densities of HAIs due to S aureus and methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) were significantly lower in P2 (P < .0001). However, the proportion of HAIs due to Acinetobacter was significantly higher in P2 (P < .0001). Conclusions: The incidence of S aureus infections is declining rapidly in Turkish ICUs, with potential impacts on empirical treatment strategies in these ICUs. Copyright (C) 2013 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.