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    Histological and Electron Microscopical Structure of Tongue and Lingual Papillae of Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)
    (Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2020) Ilgun, Ramazan; Kuru, Nilgun; Bolukbas, Ferhan; Gur, Fatih Mehmet
    The aim of this study was to investigate the histology of the tongue of the guinea fowl, Numida meleagris by using light and scanning electron microscopy methods. Six chicks (6-7 weeks), six layer hens (9-13 weeks) and six studs guinea fowl were used to study and determine the histological features of the tongue of the guinea fowl. Histological structures were examined using a light microscope the tissues and papillae of the tongue were examined with a the scanning electron microscope, and photos of the general histologic structures were taken. The tongue was triangular shaped, and consisted of apex, corpus, and radix sections. The dorsal and ventral surfaces of the tongue were covered by a keratinised stratified squamous epithelium. Lamina propria and submucosal layers were distinguishable underneath the epitelium. SEM observations of surface of the radix linguae revealed conical papillae and tongue caudally directed lingual papillae. Thus, in this study, the anatomy and histology of the tongue of the guinea fowl tongue were examined in detail using light and scanning electron microscopy, and the similarities and differences between the tongue of the guinea fowl and the tongue of other poultry species were investigated.
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    Histological and histochemical structure of lingual salivary glands in mole rat (Spalax leucodon)
    (AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE, 2017) Kuru, Nilgun; Cinar, Kenan; Demirbag, Emel; Ilgun, Ramazan
    The histological and histochemical structure of lingual salivary glands in mole rat (Spalax leucodon) were studied using histochemical staining techniques to provide information of its salivary glands. A total of five adult mole rat (Spalax leucodon) were used as the material. It was observed that serous and mucous glands are placed in the root of the tongue. It was detected that although the mucous gland cells were rich in terms of AB pH 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and AF (+) mucosubstance, the PAS and KOH/PAS mucosubstances showed very weak reaction, and this mucosubstances were present at a very less amount in serous gland cells. In the PAS/AB staining, it was found that the serous and mucous gland cells showing only AB or only PAS reaction and also AB AB pH 2.5 (+) cells were found. The same findings were observed in serous glands by AF/AB staining. Consequently, the present study demonstrated characteristic features of the lingual salivary glands of the mole rat, and it revealed histological and histochemical data both in accordance with and different from that for the lingual salivary glands of mammals and other species.
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    Macroanatomic investigations on the course and distribution of the celiac artery in domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus)
    (ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2010) Kuru, Nilgun
    The aim of this study was to investigate the course and distribution of the celiac artery macroanatomically in the domestic fowl. A total of eight (four males, four females) domestic fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus: Galliformes) were used in the study. The materials were injected with red colored latex and corrosion casted with mono and polymethylmethacrylate (takilon) through the descending aorta in the domestic fowl. The branching pattern and distribution of the celiac artery were documented. The celiac artery arose from laterally to the right wall of the descending aorta in the domestic fowl. It was detected that it gave off the esophageal artery, dorsal proventricular artery and terminated by diverging into the left and right branches. It was observed that the branches and distribution of the celiac artery were not gender dependent and differed from the other aves and mammals.
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    Morphological and Histological Study on the Foot Pads of the Anatolian Bobcat (Lynx lynx)
    (WILEY, 2018) Ari, Hasan Hueseyin; Kuru, Nilgun; Uslu, Sema; Ozdemir, Ozge
    This study was conducted to reveal the morphometric and morphological features of foot pads in the Anatolian bobcat (Lynx lynx). To achieve this objective, dissection, histological, and radiography techniques were applied to two dead materials obtained from the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forest and Water Works Sivas Branch Manager. Digit I is radiographically rudimentary in the forepaw. The paws of the forelimb of the Anatolian bobcat have a carpal, a metacarpal, and four digital pads, while the hind feet have a metatarsal pad and four digital pads. The metacarpal pad is cone-like, while the metatarsal pad resembles a butterfly. The digital pads in the paws of the forelimb are longer and thinner than in the paws in the hind feet. The paws in both feet are situated as binary. Through histological examination, it was determined that the skin of the foot pads consists of epidermis, dermis, and pad cushion. The epidermis is subdivided into basal, spinous, granular, lucidum, and corneum layers. The dermis of each pad consists of papillar and reticular strata containing sweat glands, elastin, collagen, and reticular fibers. Anat Rec, 301:932-938, 2018. (c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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    Origin, Courses and Distribution of The Phrenic Nerve in The Caucasian Lynx (Lynx lynx dinniki)
    (Kırgızistan Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi, 2021) Arı, Hasan Hüseyin; Takcı, Lutfi; Kuru, Nilgun
    This research was carried out to reveal macroanatomically the origin, course and distribution of nervus phrenicus of Caucasian lynx (Lynx lynx dinniki). For this purpose, after cleaning the vascular system of three female dead animal materials, cadavers were prepared with 10% formaldehyde. Then, the origin, course and distribution of the bilateral nervus phrenicus of these materials were photographed after leaving the canalis vertebralis. It was observed that the ventral branches of the 6th and 7th cervical spinal nerves left the canalis vertebralis, and the nervus phrenicus was formed by the merger of the ventral branches of these nerves at the level of the 8th cervical spinal nerve in the ventral of the spine. It has been determined that the nerve running to the right and left of the trachea in the neck region enters the cavum thoracica, passes between the arteria subclavia dextra and sinistra and vena cava cranialis in the mediastinum craniale and gives a branch to the pericardium in this region. . It was determined that it reaches the mediastium caudale adjacent to the branches of the cava cranialis and aorta via basis cordis in mediastinum medium, where it travels caudally on the face of the lung facing the mediastium, reaches the centrum tendineum. It has been observed that the nervus phrenicus divides into dorsal and ventral branches on the centrum tendineum and distributes to the pars muscularis of the diaphragm. In this study, although the distribution of the nervus phrenicus of the Caucasian lynx is similar in cats, it was determined that the 4th and 5th cervical spinal nerves did not participate in the formation of the nerve, unlike in cats. More research is needed on the course and distribution of the ventral branches of the spinal nerves forming the plexus brachialis in wild animals.
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    Seasonal variation in the expression pattern of heat shock protein 70 and 90 in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Karatas Lake, Burdur, Turkiye
    (Urmia Univ, 2023) Kuru, Nilgun; Oztop, Mustafa; Demirbag, Emel; Ercan, Nazli
    Organisms have evolved defense mechanisms to protect themselves from stressful conditions. The expression of heat shock proteins is considered a valid indication of protection from the adverse effects of hostile conditions. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the seasonal effects of some abiotic factors on heat shock protein 70 and 90 (HSP70 and HSP90) expression in the liver, gills, and muscle tissues of 24 Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) caught in Karatas Lake (Burdur, Turkiye) using gillnets of various mesh sizes. We also measured some physicochemical parameters on-site at sampling time and took water samples for further analyses of other physicochemical parameters and heavy metals. Immunostaining for HSP90 was stronger than for HSP70 in both liver and gill samples. Liver and gill structures exhibited significant seasonal differences in HSP70 and HSP90 immunoreactivity, and the same was true for immunostaining for HSP70 and HSP90 in muscle samples. Some physicochemical properties seemed to vary considerably between seasons, with Fe, Mn, and Zn levels tending to exhibit changes throughout the seasons. However, these levels were considered acceptable for human health. In conclusion, this study suggests that substantial changes in HSP70 and HSP90 expression may be essential for seasonal adaptation and tolerance. Further research on fish HSPs would greatly contribute to aquaculture, which is essential for meeting food requirements.(c) 2023 Urmia University. All rights reserved.