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    Effect of Different Nitrogen Doses on Dry Matter Ratio, Chlorophyll and Macro/Micro Nutrient Content in Sweet Herb (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2017) Ucar, Esra; Ozyigit, Yasar; Demirbas, Ahmet; Guven, Dilek Yasin; Turgut, Kenan
    With this study, the effect of different nitrogen (N) doses applied to sweet herb (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200N kg ha(-1)) on the macro/micro nutrient element content, dry matter ratio and on the chlorophyll amount in the plant leaves is examined. The research was carried out in the research and trial field of Faculty of Agriculture Agronomy department, Akdeniz University, during the 2012-2013 growing season under field conditions for 2years with four replications according to the randomized block trial design. Chlorophyll amounts were determined and the average was obtained with three readings from each leaf by a chlorophyll meter when the plants were in the beginning of flowering. Post-harvest macro and micro nutrient elements of the sweet herb were also investigated. According to the obtained data, while the highest chlorophyll and N amounts in the leaf for both the first and second years were determined as 46.97 SPAD (Minolta Corp, NJ, USA) and 1.34N% 44.9 SPAD, 1.42N%, respectively, under 200kg ha(-1) N application, the lowest chlorophyll and N amounts were determined in the control group. In addition, N application in different doses for both years increased the phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents and increased the microelement contents, especially in the second year. At the same time, a correlation between the chlorophyll content in the plant leaves and the N amount was determined and a linear increase was observed in the chlorophyll amount with the increased green part.
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    The effect of different nitrogen levels on yield and quality of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana bert.)
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2018) Ucar, Esra; Turgut, Kenan; Ozyigit, Yasar; Ozek, Temel; Ozek, Gulmira
    In the present work, the efficiency of different nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200kg ha(-1)) on growth, yield, and quality of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) was investigated in 2011-2013. The study was conducted in Antalya located in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Terra rossa type soil (LVx, FAO) characteristics of the experimental field were clay loam, with high amounts of lime (33,9%) and slightly alkaline (pH 7.7). The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with four replications. All the results were summarized as mean of three years. The highest fresh and dry biomass yields (26.75 t ha(-1) and 7.5 ha(-1), respectively) were obtained from 150kg ha(-1) N dose and followed by 100kg ha(-1) N dose (26.29 t ha(-1) and 7.24 ha(-1), respectively). Whereas the highest fresh and dry leaf yields (13.27 t ha(-1) and 3.82 t ha(-1), respectively) were realized in 100kg ha(-1) N dose. Actually, all nitrogen doses gave higher biomass and leaf yields compared to the control. On the hand, major steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A) in the leaf were not influenced by nitrogen levels. In conclusion, 100kg ha(-1) N dose was found to be suitable for cultivation of stevia under field conditions.
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    The Effect of the Plant Age and Growth Period on the Nutritional Substance, Chlorophyll and Steviol Glycoside Rates in Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni) Leaves
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2018) Ucar, Esra; Ozyigit, Yasar; Eruygur, Nuraniye; Guven, Dilek; Yur, Suleyman; Turgut, Kenan; Ozek, Temel; Kutuk, Nursah
    Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a perennial and subshrub herb of the Asteraceae family, which originates from South America. Stevia has long been used as a sweetener and herbal medicine throughout the world. The most important feature of stevia is its sweetness with zero calories. This natural feature of Stevia is of utmost importance to everyone, especially those with diabetes and those who diet. In this study, samples were taken from Stevia rebaudiana plants of different ages (2, 3 and 4 years) in different growth periods (H1: 1 July, H2: 1 August, H3: 1 September and H4: 1 October) and an evaluation was made on the nutritional content values, the chlorophyll and sugar rates found in these samples according to the age and growth period of the plant. It was determined that the age of the plant and the harvesting period had an effect on the macro-micro nutritional elements, and chlorophyll and steviol glycoside rates contained in the stevia plant. In addition, as a result of correlation analysis, significant correlations were determined between the parameters measured in the plant. The results of the study demonstrated that in the cultivation of stevia, the best values were obtained from plants that were 3 years old and harvested in July.
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    The Effects of different nitrogen doses on antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.)
    (C M B ASSOC, 2018) Atas, Mehmet; Eruygur, Nuraniye; Ucar, Esra; Ozyigit, Yasar; Turgut, Kenan
    In this study, the efficiency of the different nitrogen doses (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha(-1)) on biological activity levels (antioxidant and antimicrobial activity) of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. was investigated. In addition, methanol extracts were obtained by maceration method from different doses of fertilizer applied stevia. The components in methanol extracts of plants were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Antimicrobial activities of stevia extracts were investigated by microdilution method. The antioxidant activity evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric thiocyanate (FTC), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), reducing power, total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) methods. According to the results, the fertilizer doses effects on antimicrobial activity of stevia were not made much difference. But in antioxidant activity, there were some variations in the activity-dependent on fertilizer amount.
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    Estimation of in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts from Stevia
    (Parlar Scientific Publications, 2019) Eruygur, Nuraniye; Atas, Mehmet; Ucar, Esra; Ozyigit, Yasar; Turgut, Kenan
    In this study, the efficiency of the plant age and growth period on antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) was investigated. Samples were taken from S. rebaudiana plants of three different ages (2, 3 and 4 years old) and four different growth periods (H1: 1 July, H2: 1 August, H3: 1 September and H4: 1 October). Extracts of sweet herb (S. rebaudiana) were obtained by maceration method with methanol as solvent. The experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with three replications. According to results, the highest antioxidant activity (metal chelating activity of methanol extract from stevia leaf; DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity of methanol extract from stevia leaves) was determined from respectively No.2 sample (3-year-old plant harvested in July) and No.1 sample (2-year-old plant harvested in July). The highest antimicrobial and antifungal activity for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined from No.9, No.10, and No.11 samples (in the order of 3-year-old plant harvested in September, 3-year-old plant harvested in October, and 4-year-old plant harvested in November). All of the stevia samples harvested in different age and different periods were showing antimicrobial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. faecalis and Candida albicans. © 2019 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved.
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    ESTIMATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACTS FROM STEVIA
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2019) Eruygur, Nuraniye; Atas, Mehmet; Ucar, Esra; Ozyigit, Yasar; Turgut, Kenan
    In this study, the efficiency of the plant age and growth period on antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) was investigated. Samples were taken from S. rebaudiana plants of three different ages (2, 3 and 4 years old) and four different growth periods (H1: 1 July, H2: 1 August, H3: 1 September and H4: 1 October). Extracts of sweet herb (S. rebaudiana) were obtained by maceration method with methanol as solvent. The experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with three replications. According to results, the highest antioxidant activity (metal chelating activity of methanol extract from stevia leaf; DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity of methanol extract from stevia leaves) was determined from respectively No.2 sample (3 year-old plant harvested in July) and No.1 sample (2-year-old plant harvested in July). The highest antimicrobial and antifungal activity for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined from No.9, No.10, and No.11 samples (in the order of 3-year-old plant harvested in September, 3-year old plant harvested in October, and 4-year-old plant harvested in November). All of the stevia samples harvested in different age and different periods were showing antimicrobial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. faecalis and Candida albicans.
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    P 24: Clone Selection for High Quality Types of Oregano (Origanum dubium Boiss.)
    (JULIUS KUHN-INST, 2016) Turgut, Kenan; Tutuncu, Begum; Ozyigit, Yasar; Ucar, Esra; Marthe, F; Riegler, H
    Origanum dubium Boiss. is one of the economically important wild oregano species and it is intensely collected from the natural flora of Antalya in Turkey. Carvacrol chemotype of Origanum dubium is used mainly for essential oil production due to its high essential oil content. In this study, chemical diversity of Origanum dubium was investigated in order to develop new cultivars with improved essential oil yield and carvacrol content using clone selection method under cultivated condition. Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Origanum dubium were analysed by GC-MS and 24 different components were identified. In these genotypes, carvacrol was the major component and followed by p-cymene, gamma-terpinene, myrcene and alpha-thujene. Among the selected genotypes, essential oil yields were varied between 5.0% to 14.0%; carvacrol rates were varied between 73.76% to 88.21%; and p-cymene rates were varied between 3.16% to 9.10%.