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    Sublingual (3-Glucan/Vitamin C-loaded nanoparticle-embedded polyethylene oxide nanofibrous mats
    (Elsevier, 2024) Guler, Ece; Yekeler, Humeyra Betul; Tekinalp, Sevval Gulsah; Parviz, Gita; Dogan, Murat; Ekentok, Ceyda; Cam, Muhammet Emin
    Nutritional supplements available in various forms provide the consumer with essential molecules demanded for well-being retention. Despite the conveniences provided by oral administration, significant disadvantages such as hepatic first-pass effect, limited absorption, and age-related swallowing problems have been recognized which should be addressed appropriately. Nano-sized biomaterials, which have recently gained popularity in numerous medical fields, have the potential to resolve these problems. In this study, a drug delivery system was designed for sublingual administration and fabricated as (3-glucan/vitamin C-loaded chitosan/tripolyphosphate/polyvinylpyrrolidone (CS/TPP/PVP) nanoparticles (DNPs) embedded in polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibrous mats (DNFs). The optimum PNP size and DNP size for sublingual administration were obtained as 236 +/- 1 nm and 257 +/- 1 nm, respectively. The homogenous appearance of DNFs was demonstrated and measured as 783 +/- 290 nm using scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized biomaterials were analyzed chemically, 3D-wisely, and thermally. The in vitro drug release kinetics investigation concluded that the sustained drug release of DNP over 15 days proceeded based on the first-order model, and 99.30 % of vitamin C and 99.70 % of (3-glucan were released. Neither pure nor drug-loaded samples showed notable cytotoxicity in the 24-h 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in the L929 cell line. Herein, it has been comprehended that DNF nutritional supplement can be a promising novel supplement dosage form with ease of use, high efficiency, and bioavailability than the conventional methods.
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    Vitamin B12-loaded chitosan-based nanoparticle-embedded polymeric nanofibers for sublingual and transdermal applications: Two alternative application routes for vitamin B12
    (Elsevier, 2024) Guler, Ece; Yekeler, Humeyra Betul; Parviz, Gita; Aydin, Saliha; Asghar, Asima; Dogan, Murat; Ikram, Fakhera
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegeneration type that is biologically recognizable via beta-amyloid plaques and tau neurofibril tangles. Global estimation for the total count of individuals enduring AD will rise up to 131 million by 2050. Investigations suggested the existence of a direct proportion between the likelihood of AD occurrence and vitamin B12 (VB12) hypovitaminosis. Approved VB12 administrations, intramuscular and oral, each has serious defects broaching the demand for alternative routes. This work developed VB12-loaded chitosan/tripolyphosphate/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/TPP/PVA) nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinylpyrrolidone/polycaprolactone (PVP/PCL) nanofibrous (NFs) produced by pressurized gyration (PG) for sublingual and transdermal routes, respectively. Biomaterials were investigated morphologically, chemically, and thermally. Moreover, degradation, disintegration, release behavior, and release kinetics were analyzed. The effectiveness and safety of nanomaterials were assessed and proven with the alamarBlue test on the A beta 1-42-induced SH-SY5Y model. The final evaluation suggested the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of produced systems. Consequently, two alternative VB12 application routes were developed with high effectivity and low toxicity with the power of nanotechnology.