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Öğe Alp Kayağı Antrenmanlarının Oksidatif Stres ve Antioksidan Düzeylerine Etkisi(Hasan ŞAHAN, 2024) Demiryürek, Duran; Polat, Metin; Gunturk, Inayet; Yazıcı, CevatBu çalışmada alp kayakçılarının rutin olarak gerçekleştirdikleri tek bir birim slalom ve büyük slalom antrenmanları süresince oluşabilecek olan oksidan ve antioksidan seviyelerinin total oksidan seviye (TOS) ve total antioksidan seviye (TAS) ölçümleri ile incelenmesi planlandı. Çalışmaya, uluslararası alp disiplini yarışmaları deneyimine sahip, 18-29 yaş aralığında 18 erkek sporcu gönüllü olarak katıldı. İlk olarak gönüllülerin vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, beden kitle indeksi ve MaxVO2 değerleri tespit edildi. Daha sonra, gönüllülere uluslararası standartlara uygun olan yarışma pistinde, beş gün arayla 2.5 saat süren büyük slalom ve slalom antrenmanları uygulandı. Her iki antrenman uygulaması öncesinde ve sonrasında gönüllülerden venöz kan örnekleri alınarak TOS ve TAS değerleri tespit edildi. Hem slalom hem de büyük slalom sonrasında TOS değerlerinde anlamlı bir değişim gözlenmezken, TAS değerlerinde anlamlı bir artış tespit edildi (pÖğe ANGIOGENIC REGULATORS DURING ALPINE SKIING TRAINING(Dokuz Eylul Univ Inst Health Sciences, 2024) Polat, Metin; Gunturk, Inayet; Demiryurek, DuranPurpose: The present study evaluates angiogenesis response through the determination of acute changes in hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin and endostatin levels measured after a single-session slalom and giant slalom trainings. Material and Methods: A total of 20 volunteer male athletes average age of 22.16 +/- 4.86 years with no health problems, and with international alpine skiing competition experience were included in the study. At the outset, the height, body weight and VO2max values of the volunteers was measured, and a giant slalom training lasting 2.5 hours was performed after a week on a giant slalom course. The volunteers were then asked not to exercise for a week, and slalom training was performed lasting 2.5 hours on a slalom course. The endostatin, erythropoietin, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels of the volunteers were examined from 5 ml venous blood samples drawn into biochemistry tubes 20 minutes before and as soon as trainings over both the giant slalom and slalom Results: A significant increase was determined in the hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin and endostatin levels after both the giant slalom and slalom Conclusion: These increases observed in the angiogenesis markers suggests that a single-session giant slalom and slalom trainings induces angiogenesis responses.Öğe Changes in body composition and blood parameters in sedentary women during 12 weeks of complex exercises(Iermakov S S, 2022) Apaydin, Murat B.; Polat, MetinBackground and Study Aim There are studies examining the effects of exercise programs on body and blood parameters in sedentary individuals, but there are few studies examining the effects of resistance and cardio exercises in combination. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of step-aerobic, cardio and resistance training on body composition and blood parameters in sedentary women for 12 weeks. Material and Methods Step- Aerobic, Cardio and Resistance exercises were applied to the volunteers participating in the study for 12 weeks, 3 days a week for 1 hour each. Body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and body muscle percentage values were determined from body composition measurements before and after the application. Glucose, Vitamin D3, Triglyceride, Cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein and Low-density values were measured from blood parameters. There is no exercise planning was done in the control group. Results After the exercise program, a significant decrease (p<0.05) in body weight, body mass index, body fat ratio, Glucose, Vitamin D3, Triglyceride, Cholesterol and Low-density values and a significant increase (p<0.05) in High-density lipoprotein and values were determined in the study group. In the control group, no significant change was observed in both body composition and blood parameters (p>0.05). Conclusions In the this study, it was found resistance, cardio and step-aerobic exercise programs had a positive effect on body composition and blood parameters in sedentary women. In the control group, there is no positive data for the end of the this study and there is no significant change not only body parametres bu also blood measurement in the control group.Öğe Correlation of Isocapnic Buffering Phase with Aerobic and Anaerobic Power in Athletes(2024) Okur, Burçin; Polat, Metin; Avcu, Emsal Çağla; Hazar, SerkanThe aim of the study was to detect the relationship of isocapnic buffering phase values with the values of both aerobic and anaerobic power. A total of 14 athletes, five females and nine males, with ages between 18 and 25 volunteered to participate in the present study. At the beginning, the values of height, body mass, and body fat ratio of the volunteers were collected as required. Then, a maximal exercise test was applied to the volunteers and during the test, the values of maximal oxygen consumption capacity (VO2max), amount of oxygen consumed (VO2), amount of carbon dioxide produced (VCO2), ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point, and maximal heart rate were determined. Isocapnic buffering and hypocapnic hyperventilation phases were determined from the ventilatory threshold and respiratory compensation point values. One week after the maximal exercise test, the Wingate anaerobic test was applied to the volunteers and anaerobic power values were calculated. A significant relationship was found between the values of isocapnic buffering and hypocapnic hyperventilation, and the values of maximal heart rate (beats/min), ventilatory threshold VO2 (ml/kg/min), ventilatory threshold heart rate (beats/min), ventilatory threshold speed (km/hour), respiratory compensation point heart rate (beats/min), and respiratory compensation point speed (km/hour) in both male and female volunteers. The findings collected hereby indicate that as the VO2max levels of athletes increase, both their cardiopulmonary data and anaerobic power values and also their ability to resist the intensity of exercises applied after entering anaerobic threshold, increase.Öğe Correlation of maximal respiratory exchange ratio with anaerobic power and maximal oxygen uptake in anaerobic trained athletes(Iermakov Sergii Sidorovich, 2021) Korkmaz Eryılmaz, Selcen; Polat, MetinBackground and Study Aim Material and Methods The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide produced (VCO2) to the amount of oxygen uptake (VO2) is important. It indirectly informs about the predominant metabolic pathway to provide the energy needed during exercise. The relationship of maximal RER with aerobic and anaerobic capacity in athletes remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between maximal RER and anaerobic power and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max ) in anaerobic trained athletes. Thirteen male alpine skiers (age 18.1 ± 3.1 years) competing in national and international competitions participated in the study. Athletes first performed an incremental treadmill run test to determine their VO2max (ml/kg/min), maximal RER (VCO2 / VO2 ) and maximal running speed (km/h). After 48 hours, the athletes performed the Wingate anaerobic test to determine peak power, mean power, minimum power, and fatigue index. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the relations between variables. Results Maximal RER was positively correlated with peak power (r = 0.587, p < 0.035), mean power (r = 0.656, p < 0.015) and minimum power (r = 0.674, p < 0.012). Maximal RER did not significantly correlate with fatigue index (p > 0.05). Maximal RER was negatively correlated with the VO2max (r = – 0.705, p < 0.007) and maximal running speed (r = – 0.687, p < 0.01). Conclusions Maximal RER may be useful for evaluating anaerobic capacity in anaerobic-trained athletes. Measuring the maximal RER values of athletes during incremental exercise may provide information about physiological adaptations in response to physical training. © Selcen Korkmaz Eryılmaz, Metin Polat, 2021.Öğe Düzenli Egzersizin Adölesan Dönemi Çocuklarda Gelişim Özelliklerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi(Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 2022) Kalınca, Burak; Polat, MetinBu çalışmada, düzenli yapılan egzersizlerin adölesan dönemi çocukların hem fiziksel gelişim özelliklerine hem de mental iyi oluş düzeylerine olan etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya düzenli olarak sportif faaliyetlere katılan 22 adölesan dönemi çocuk çalışma grubu olarak ve herhangi bir sportif faaliyete katılmayan 22 adölesan dönemi çocuk kontrol grubu olarak katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan gönüllülere boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, esneklik, dikey sıçrama, el kavrama kuvveti, 10m-20m-30m sürat koşu testleri ve Warwick-Edinburgh Mental iyi Oluş Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Aktif olarak düzenli spor yapan çocukların, aktif olarak spor yapmayan çocuklara oranla dikey sıçrama (p<0,05), el kavrama kuvveti (p<0,05), esneklik (p<0,05), mental iyi oluş düzeyleri (p<0,05) anlamlı olarak daha yüksek, 10m, 20m, 30m sürat koşu test sonuçları ise anlamlı olarak daha düşük olduğu gözlenmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, düzenli olarak spor yapan adölesan dönemi çocukların, düzenli olarak spor yapmayan çocuklara oranla gerek fiziksel özellikleri gerekse de mental iyi oluş seviyeleri bakımından daha yüksek skorlara sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Çocukların gelişiminde önemli bir yere sahip olan adölesan dönemde, düzenli egzersiz uygulamalarına katılım sağlamanın çocukların fiziksel ve mental yönden gelişimlerine oldukça önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.Öğe Effects of eight-week aerobic exercises combined with resistance training on cardiovascular risk factors in women(Sciendo, 2023) Akkurt, Murat; Okmen, M. Serif; Polat, MetinStudy aim: Main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of moderate-intensity exercises for eight weeks, combined with cardio and resistance exercises, on the cardiovascular risk factors for women.Material and methods:Atotal of 30 volunteer females between the ages of 40 and 65 participated in the study. The volunteers were divided into two groups as exercise and control. The exercise group was given exercises three days aweek. Height, weight, body mass index, waist, hip, waist-to-hip ratio, resting blood pressure, resting heart rate, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, glucose levels were collected before and after the exercise program.Results: There was asignificant decrease in weight, body mass index, hip circumference levels after the exercise program (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was detected for waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratios p > 0.05). While asignificant decrease in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides levels of the exercise group was observed after the exercise program (p < 0.05), no significant change was found in glucose, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein levels (p > 0.05).Conclusion: It was observed that moderate intensity exercises combined with cardio and resistance exercises resulted with positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors.Öğe Effects of Eight-Week Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercises on Dyslipidemia and Body Composition for Overweight and Obese First-Degree Females(Lahore Medical & Dental Coll, 2021) Hazar, Kursat; Polat, Metin; Hazar, Serkan; Akyuz, TugbaAim: Overweight and obesity cause grave health problems, creating negative effects particularly on blood lipids. Despite it is realized that exercises induce positive effects on obesity and dyslipidemia, it is notedly important to know in detail the effects of different types of exercise applications and the duration, intensity, and frequency of exercises. Therefore, this study was designed in order to examine the changes on blood lipids and body composition caused by aerobic exercises applied at moderate intensity for sixty minutes, excluding warm-up and cooling periods for each exercise, 3 days a week for eight weeks total on overweight and obese first degree females. Methods: 41 overweight and obese females with ages 22 to 48 participated voluntarily in the study. Two different groups, 21 persons for exercise group and 20 for control group, were made up from the volunteers. 60-minute of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program was applied for a duration of 3 days a week for eight weeks to the exercise group. The values in terms of height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, visceral fat rating, hip circumference, waist circumference, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL were collected from all volunteers prior to and after the eight-week exercise program. Results: Significant decrease was observed, in weight (p <0.001), BMI (p <0.001), body fat percentage (p <0.05), hip circumference (p <0.001), and waist circumference (p <0.001) of the exercise group. Despite the levels of visceral fat rating, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL decreased and HDL level increased in the exercise group, this difference was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Conclusions: It was observed thereby that the scope of the exercise program was well enough to form significant changes on the body composition of the volunteers participated in the study, but it didn't induce sufficient effect on blood lipids.Öğe EGZERSİZ BAĞIMLILIĞI İLE SOSYAL GÖRÜNÜŞ KAYGISI VE MUTLULUK DÜZEYİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ(Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, 2024) Koç, Sergen; Polat, MetinAraştırmada egzersiz bağımlılığının ile mutluluk ve sosyal görünüş kaygısı arasındaki ilişki düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 18 yaş ve üzerinde düzenli egzersiz yapan elli gönüllü çalışma grubu olarak ve düzenli olarak egzersiz yapmayan elli gönüllü kontrol grubu olarak katıldı. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; ‘Demografik Bilgi Formu’, ‘Egzersiz Bağımlılığı Ölçeği’, ‘Mutluluk Ölçeği’ ve ‘Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği’ kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerden ölçekler arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek amacıyla Pearson Kolerasyon testi uygulandı. Araştırma sonucunda Çalışmaya katılan kadın kontrol grubunun egzersiz bağımlılığı ölçeği ile mutluluk ölçeği değerleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı (r=0,391) ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Kadın çalışma grubunun mutluluk ölçeği ile bireysel-sosyal ihtiyaçların ertelenmesi ve çatışma alt boyutu değerleri arasında negatif yönde anlamlı (r=-0,716,) ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Erkek çalışma grubunun mutluluk ölçeği ile tolerans gelişimi ve tutku alt boyutu değerleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı (r=0,400) ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Kadın çalışma grubunun egzersiz bağımlılığı ölçeği ile sosyal görünüş kaygısı ölçeği değerleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı (r=0,688) ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Erkek çalışma grubunun sosyal görünüş kaygısı ölçeği ile bireysel-sosyal ihtiyaçların ertelenmesi ve çatışma alt boyutu değerleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı (r=0,485) ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Kadın çalışma ve kontrol gruplarının mutluluk ölçeği ile sosyal görünüş kaygısı ölçeği değerleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir. Erkek çalışma ve kontrol gruplarının mutluluk ölçeği ile sosyal görünüş kaygısı ölçeği değerleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, düzenli olarak egzersiz yapmanın bireylere hem fiziksel hem de psikolojik olarak olumlu etkiler sağlamasıyla birlikte, egzersiz bağımlılığının kişilerin bireysel ve sosyal yaşantısını aksatması, hatta sakatlık durumunda bile egzersizlere devam edilmesi durumunda bir takım olumsuz sonuçlar oluşabilmektedir.Öğe Investigation of Aerobic Performances of High-Level Biathlon Athletes(Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, 2024) İlçin, Tunç; Hazar, Serkan; Polat, MetinIntroduction and Purpose: The purpose of this research is; The aim of this study is to examine the effects of different training models on the physiological parameters of athletes in the Turkish Ski Federation, Biathlon National team. Method: The research group consisted of a total of 20 athletes, 10 men and 10 women, who were volunteers in the Turkish Ski Federation Biathlon National team. Before the performance tests, common and intense endurance training models were applied and runs were performed 3 days a week for 6 weeks to develop aerobic endurance. After the 6-week study, maximal exercise test was applied in the performance laboratory and MaxVO2, RQ (respiratory frequency), running speeds, HR (a/min) and %HRmax values were recorded. Descriptive statistics and normality tests were performed on the data, and parametric tests were applied for normally distributed values. Independent-Samples T test was applied for pairwise comparisons. The significance value was accepted as p<0.05. Results: It was determined that the participants' average MaxVO2 values were 55.019 ml/kg/min, RQ values were 1.06, maximum heart rate values were 191.80 bpm, and anaerobic threshold heart rate was 173.72 bpm. The average running speed during the test was 12.60 km/h. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.031) was observed in MaxVO2 values between males (x±sd = 60.07±4.95) and females (x±sd = 50.32±2.15), in favor of male participants. However, no statistically significant difference was found in RQ values between male and female participants (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was determined that the MaxVO2 values of the athletes in the Turkish National Biathlon Team were significantly lower compared to the MaxVO2 values of athletes who have placed in European, World, and Olympic championships.Öğe Investigation of The Relationship Between MaxVO2, Anaerobic Power and Active Recovery Heart Rate of Young Football Players(Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, 2024) Çaldıran, Sadettin; Avcu, Emsal Çağla; Polat, Metin; Hazar, SerkanThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between VO2max and anaerobic power and recovery heart rate in young football players. Twenty-seven male amateur football players between the ages of 15 and 17 (age 16.11±0.43 years; height 174.73±4.77 cm; weight 63.72±7.89 kg) participated in the study. Participants’ anaerobic power (peak power (W/kg), average power (W/kg), minimum power (W/kg) and power drop (%)) values were assessed with the Wingate test protocol, VO2max (ml/kg/dk) values with the Astrand-Rhyming test protocol and recovery heart rate with the active recovery protocol. Bicycle ergometer and heart rate sensor were used as data collection tools. Participants' heart rate was recorded using a telemetric device (Polar H7 heart rate sensor). Performance Measurement Laboratory was used for all measurements of the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 program. According to the findings, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the participants' VO2max level and their peak power, average power, minimum power and power drop (p>0.05). It was observed that there was a statistically significant difference between the participants' VO2max level and the 1st, 3rd and 5th minute active recovery heart rate (p<0.05), and that athletes with better VO2max levels had lower heart rates in the 1st, 3rd and 5th minutes of recovery. As a result, no statistically significant difference was found between VO₂max level and anaerobic power parameters in young football players; however, it was determined that football players with higher VO₂max level had lower heart rates during the recovery process. This result shows that VO2max level is not a determining factor on anaerobic power measures but plays an important role in the recovery process. In this regard, training to improve aerobic capacity can be added to training programs in order to increase performance and ensure effective recovery in football players.Öğe SPOR BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİNDE UYGULAMA EĞİTİMİN BİYOKİMYASAL VE HEMATOLOJİK PARAMETRELERE ETKİSİ(2021) Sarıakçalı, Barış; Duman, Gülhan; Ceylan, Levent; Polat, Metin; Hazar, Serkan; Eliöz, MuratBu çalışmanın amacı; spor bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinde 4 hafta yüz yüze uygulama eğitiminin biyokimyasal ve hematolojik parametrelere etkisini incelemektir. Bu çalışmada 2020-2021 öğretim yılında Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencisi olan 14 çalışma ve 14 kontrol grubu olmak üzere 28 erkek katılımcı yer almıştır. Çalışma grubunun yaş ortalaması 19,50±1,31 yıl ve kontrol grubunun yaş ortalaması 21,28±1,60 yıl olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma grubu 4 hafta boyunca haftada 5 gün spor bilimlerinde her ders için 60 dakika olmak üzere zorunlu ders olarak uygulanan basketbol, atletizm ve jimnastik derslerine katılmıştır. Kontrol grubu ise herhangi bir uygulamalı derse katılmamıştır. Her iki grupta çalışma öncesi ve sonrası vücut analizi yapılmış ayrıca tüm gönüllülerin hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler için 8 saat açlıktan sonra bazal kan numuneleri alınarak ölçülmüştür. Veriler normal dağılım gösterdiği için iki grup arasında ön ve son test karşılaştırması için bağımlı t testi ve bağımsız t testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubuna uygulanan 4 haftalık eğitim sonucunda parametreleri ön test ile karşılaştırdığında albümin, Alkalen Fosfataz, Aspartat Aminotransferaz, Kreatin Kinaz, insülin, sedimantasyon ve sodyum ortalamalarında anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Diğer parametrelerde anlamlı fark ortaya çıkmamıştır (p>0,05). Çalışma sonucunda 4 haftalık uygulama eğitiminin katılımcıların Albumin, Alkalen Fosfataz, Aspartat Aminotransferaz, Kreatin Kinaz, insülin, sedimantasyon ve sodyum parametrelerine etki ettiği söylenebilir. Kan lipit değerlerinde anlamlı farklılık olmasa da uygulama eğitiminin katılımcıların parametrelerine olumlu yönde etkisinin olduğu ifade edilebilir. Elde edilen bu bulgular 4 haftalık uygulama eğitiminin sağlıklı yaşam için önemli bir etken olduğuna işaret edebilir.
