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Öğe Analgesic Effects of Vilazodone, Indatraline, and Talsupram in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain(Galenos Publ House, 2022) Hacisuleyman, Levent; Sarac, Bulent; Joha, ZiadObjectives: Drugs that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine are widely used for treating depressive disorders and have emerged as effective drugs for neuropathic pain. They have no substantial anti-nociceptive effects but are considered, with gabapentin/ pregabalin, first-line drugs for neuropathic pain. Materials and Methods: In this study, three different antidepressant agents were used in different doses to investigate their anti-hyperalgesic effects in rat models of neuropathic pain using hot plate and tail flick methods. They have different mechanisms of action; vilazodone hydrochloride is a selective serotonin inhibitor and a 5-HT1A partial agonist; talsupram hydrochloride is a selective noradrenaline inhibitor, and it has a high affinity for noradrenaline transporter (NET), whereas indatraline hydrochloride is a triple reuptake inhibitor that inhibits transporters for 5-HT (SERT), dopamine (DAT), and NET. Results: All the drugs used in the experiment were found to have an anti-hyperalgesic effect in both tests compared to the sham group. When antihyperalgesic effects of the three agents were compared to each other, it was found that talsupram hydrochloride was significantly more effective than the two other drugs in hot plate test. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the tail flick test. Indatraline hydrochloride was more effective than vilazodone hydrochloride at the same doses in the tail flick test. Conclusion: Our data suggest that three drugs are effective analgesics in rat models of neuropathic pain and inhibition of noradrenaline reuptake represents the cornerstone of analgesic mechanisms of effective antidepressants.Öğe Changes in spontaneous contractions of rat ileum by aflatoxin in vitro(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2008) Gursoy, Nevcihan; Sarac, Bulent; Durmus, Nedim; Parlak, Ahmet; Yildirim, Sahin; Kaya, Tijen; Bagcivan, IhsanAflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus nomius as secondary metabolites. Most of the studies on the aflatoxins have focused mainly on their chronic toxic effects but aflatoxins have also a lot of acute effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. In this study the acute gastrointestinal effects of the aflatoxins on rat isolated ileum and the possible mechanisms underlying contractile responses to them were investigated. Aflatoxin increased both of the amplitude and the frequency of spontaneous contractions in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with a cholinergic system inhibitor, atropine sulfate (23.6 nM), a specific sodium-channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (0.3 mu M) and an inhibitor of ACh release from terminal motor neurons, morphine (0.3 mu M) decreased both of aflatoxin induced spontaneous contractions' amplitude and frequency, in contrast a nicotinic ganglionic blocker, hexamethonium chloride (55 mu M) did not change the aflatoxin effect. But the decrease of amplitude was more than the frequency in the presence of these antagonists. In conclusion, these findings of aflatoxin on isolated rat ileum may explain their acute gastrointestinal effects in humans and animals. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of hypothyroidism on the NO/cGMP pathway of corpus cavernosum in rabbits(BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 2006) Kilicarslan, Hakan; Bagcivan, Ihsan; Yildirim, M. Kemal; Sarac, Bulent; Kaya, TijenIntroduction. The incidence of hormonal dysfunction as a cause of impotence remains controversial. However, several recent studies have reported evidence of hormonal abnormalities in 25-35% of impotent men. Hypothyroidism has been reported to occur in 6% of impotent men. There is some evidence suggesting that hypothyroidism may be a cause of impotence. Aim. We aimed to investigate the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in hypothyroidism in an experimental rabbit model and compared hypothyroid rabbits with controls to evaluate the possible involvement of the NO/cGMP pathway. Methods. The study comprised 20 male New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were divided into two equal groups. The first group had hypothyroidism induced surgically by thyroidectomy for 6 weeks. The second group underwent a sham operation. Results. There was no significant change in the mean body weight of hypothyroid rabbits and controls. Triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were significantly lower in hypothyroid rabbits. Plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels were significantly higher in hypothyroid rabbits. Plasma total calcium and parathormone levels remained in the normal range in both groups. Main Outcome Measures. Papaverine-induced concentration-dependent relaxations were similar in both groups. Carbachol-induced relaxation responses decreased in hypothyroid rabbits. There were significant differences between control and hypothyroid rabbits in frequency-dependent relaxations induced by electrical-field stimulation (EFS). YC-1-induced relaxation responses did not change significantly in hypothyroid rabbits. Concentration-dependent relaxations induced by diethylamine (DEA)/NO were similar in both groups. Amrinone-induced relaxation responses did not change significantly in hypothyroid rabbits. Conclusion. Reductions of relaxant responses to EFS and carbachol in hypothyroid rabbits can depend on the decrease of released or synthesized NO from nitrergic nerves and endothelium.Öğe Effects of Cannabinoid Agonists on Sheep Sphincter of Oddi in vitro(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2011) Sarac, Bulent; Durmus, Nedim; Altun, Ahmet; Turan, Mustafa; Kaya, Tijen; Sencan, Mehmet; Bagcivan, IhsanBackground/Aims: According to recent studies, the endocannabinoid system plays an important role in both physiological and pathophysiological situations. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of cannabinoid (CB) agonists on isolated sheep sphincter of Oddi (SO) in vitro. Methods: The isolated sheep SO tissues were mounted in organ baths and tested for isometric tension and cyclic GMP levels (cGMP) in response to the non-selective CB receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 and the potent CB1 receptor agonist methanandamide in the presence and absence of the selective CB1 antagonist SR 141716A, the selective CB2 antagonist SR 144528 and the nonspecific inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase L-NAME. Results: CB agonists relaxed SO in a concentration-dependent manner. These relaxations did not reduce in the presence of SR 144528 but were significantly reduced by SR 141716A and L-NAME. Carbachol significantly increased the cGMP levels compared with the control group and both of the CB receptor agonists significantly increased the cGMP levels compared with the control and carbachol groups. On the other hand, L-NAME prevented the increase in cGMP levels caused by CB agonists. Conclusion: These results show that the relaxation by the agonists may be through CB1 receptors. The decrease of CB relaxation responses by L-NAME, a nonspecific inhibitor of NO synthase, and the increase of cGMP levels in the SO tissues by CB agonists which decreased by L-NAME show that the relaxation effects of these agonists may also partially be via increasing the NO synthesis or release. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel and IAPÖğe Investigating the effects of the Rho-kinase enzyme inhibitors AS1892802 and fasudil hydrochloride on the contractions of isolated pregnant rat myometrium(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016) Ergul, Merve; Turgut, Nergiz H.; Sarac, Bulent; Altun, Ahmet; Yildirim, Sahin; Bagcivan, IhsanObjectives: Rho-kinases (ROCKs), are one of the dynamic structures of the actin cytoskeleton and they mediate different biological processes, including regulation of calcium sensitivity of smooth muscle contraction. The activation of Rho A/ROCK system is thought to be effective on the termination time of the pregnancy process. The aim of this study, was to investigate in vitro effects of the ROCK enzyme inhibitors, clinically available fasudil hydrochloride, and a new promising inhibitor AS1892802, on the contractions of isolated pregnant rat myometrium. Study design: Term pregnant Wistar albino rats (n = 12), weighing 200-220 g, were used in this study. Myometrial tissues obtained from rats were dissected into four full-thickness longitudinal muscle strips and then myometrial tension was recorded isometrically. The inhibitory effects of cumulative concentrations of AS1892802 and of fasudil hydrochloride in the presence and absence of ODQ (guanylate cyclase inhibitor), L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) and L-NNA (endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) on oxytocin-induced myometrial contractions were measured, and values for -log10 EC50 (pD(2)) and mean maximal inhibition (E-max) were compared. Results: Both ROCK inhibitors, AS1892802 and fasudil hydrochloride starting from the concentrations of 10(-6) M reached statistical significance on contraction amplitude and frequency of myometrial strips (p < 0.05). The inhibition of the amplitude and frequency of myometrial contractions was antagonized with ODQ (10(-5) M; only amplitude), L-NAME (3 x 10(-5) M) and L-NNA (10(-5) M) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that fasudil hydrochloride and AS1892802 may contribute to the development of new tocolytic drugs. We conclude that AS1892802 and fasudil hydrochloride perform this inhibitory effect partially through ROCK inhibition and the NO/cGMP pathway. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of acute effects of aflatoxin on rat proximal and distal colon spontaneous contractions(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2008) Gursoy, Nevcihan; Durmus, Nedim; Bagcivan, Ihsan; Sarac, Bulent; Parlak, Ahmet; Yildirim, Sahin; Kaya, TijenAflatoxins are one of the most potent toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, cancerogenic, and immunosuppresive substances that naturally Occurring contaminants of food. There are some studies in various animal species that have reported aflatoxin effects on gastrointestinal systems, but acute effects of aflatoxins have not been clearly investigated. In this Study, we aimed to investigate the acute gastrointestinal effects of total aflatoxin on rat isolated proximal and distal colon. Aflatoxin was given cumulatively at 10(-8) - 10(-5) M concentrations and the amplitude and frequency of proximal and distal colon contractions were increased significantly. In the presence of atropine Sulfate (23.6 nM) and morphine (0.3 mu M) the amplitude and frequency of anatoxin induced spontan contractions in the proximal and distal colon decreased significantly, on the other hand, L-NNA (0.3 mu m) increased contractions' amplitude and frequency significantly in the proximal colon but not in the distal colon. In conclusion, aflatoxin may increase the amplitude and frequency of contractions by increasing muscarinic activity or by decreasing NO synthase and/or release in Proximal colon and by increasing muscarinic activity in the distal colon. These findings of aflatoxin on isolated rat proximal and distal colon may explain their acute gastrointestinal effects in humans and animals. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of Antitumor Effects of Sorafenib and Lapatinib Alone and in Combination on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells(ASIAN PACIFIC ORGANIZATION CANCER PREVENTION, 2014) Kacan, Turgut; Altun, Ahmet; Altun, Gulsah Gultekin; Kacan, Selen Baloglu; Sarac, Bulent; Seker, Mehmet Metin; Bahceci, Aykut; Babacan, NalanBackground: Breast cancer evolution and tumor progression are controlled by complex interactions between steroid receptors and growth factor receptor signaling. Aberrant growth factor receptor signaling can augment or suppress estrogen receptor function in hormone-dependent breast cancer cells. Thus, we aimed to investigate antitumor effects of sorafenib and lapatinib alone and in combination on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity of the sorafenib and lapatinib was tested in MCF-7 cells by XTT assays. 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mu M concentrations of sorafenib and 200, 100, 50 and 25 mu M concentrations of lapatinib were administered alone and in combination. Results were evaluated as absorbance at 450nM and IC50 values are calculated according to the absorbance data Results: Both sorafenib and lapatinib showed concentration dependent cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells. Sorafenib exerted cytotoxic effects with an IC50 value of 32.0 mu M; in contrast with lapatinib the IC50 was 136.6 mu M. When sorafenib and lapatinib combined, lapatinib increased cytotoxic effects of sorafenib at its ineffective concentrations. Also at the concentrations where both drugs had cytotoxic effects, combination show strong anticancer effects and killed approximately 70 percent of breast cancer cells. Conclusions: Combinations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and cytotoxic agents or molecular targeted therapy has been successful for many types of cancer. The present study shows that both sorafenib and lapatinib alone are effective in the treatment of breast cancer. Also a combination of these two agents may be a promising therapeutic option in treatment of breast cancer.Öğe Investigation of Relaxant Effects of New Agents Affecting Nitric Oxide/Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway on Sheep Oddi Sphincter(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2010) Sarac, Bulent; Durmus, Nedim; Bagcivan, Ihsan; Altun, Ahmet; Turan, Mustafa; Sencan, MehmetObjectives: Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent nonadrenergic, noncholinergic mediator of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. We aimed to investigate the effects of new NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway-affecting agents at the sheep sphincter of Oddi (SO) in vitro. Methods: Sheep SO rings were mounted in organ baths and tested for isometric tension and cGMP levels in response to 3,3-bis(aminoethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-triazene; 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1); and BAY 41-2272 in the presence and absence of 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazole(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). Results: 3,3-bis(Aminoethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-triazene; SIN-1; and BAY 41-2272 relaxed SO rings in a concentration-dependent manner. These relaxations were significantly decreased in the presence of ODQ (P < 0.05). All agents significantly increased the cGMP levels compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The increased cGMP levels in the 3,3-bis(aminoethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-triazene; and BAY 41-2272-treated groups were significantly different from both control and carbachol groups (P < 0.05), whereas the increase in the SIN-1 group was significantly different from all groups (P < 0.05). The cGMP levels were significantly lower in the presence of ODQ compared with its absence (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The relaxation of SO rings by these agents may be via increasing the levels of cGMP. The additional increase produced by SIN-1 may be the combined effects of NO generation and activation of guanylyl cyclase.Öğe Investigation of the Relaxant Effect Mechanism of Ketamine on Normal and Ovalbumin-Induced Trachea in Guinea Pigs(ORTADOGU AD PRES & PUBL CO, 2011) Sarac, Bulent; Altun, Ahmet; Yildirim, Sahin; Yildirim, Mustafa Kemal; Temiz, Tijen Kaya; Bagcivan, Ihsan; Sencan, MehmetObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate of effects and the possible mechanisms of effects of ketamine on the isolated trachea preparations from control and ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs. Material and Methods: Adult male guinea pigs were randomly allocated to two experimental groups. We tested the relaxant effects of ketamine (10(-8) M to 3 x 10(-4) M) on the isolated trachea preparations precontracted with carbachol (10(-6) M) in control and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs. We also evaluated the effects of ketamine on the levels of cGMP in isolated tracheal smooth muscle strips with radioimmunoassay. Results: Although ketamine (10(-8) to 3 x 10(-4) M) produced concentration-dependent relaxation on isolated trachea preparations precontracted by carbachol (10(-6) M) in both groups, relaxations in control group were significantly high when compared to ovalbumin-sensitized group (p< 0.05). Preincubation of trachea preparations by indomethacin (10(-5) M) and propranolol (10(-4) M) did not produce a significant alteration on ketamine-induced relaxation responses (p> 0.05), while preincubation by N(w)-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (3 x 10(-5) M) significantly decreased the ketamine-induced relaxation responses in both groups, preincubation by aminoguanidine (3 x 10(-5) M) decreased the ketamine-induced relaxation responses in ova-sensitized group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Ketamine induced concentration-dependent relaxations in precontracted isolated trachea smooth muscle of guinea pigs in the both groups. These relaxations were independent from cyclooxygenase products released from respiratory epithelium and stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors. The relaxation caused by ketamine seems to be mainly related to the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway, especially eNOS pathway. Although ketamine caused much less relaxation in ova-sensitized group, ketamine can be used as a proper anesthetic agent in patients with airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchial asthma.Öğe Investigation of the vasorelaxant effects of moxonidine and its relaxation mechanism on the human radial artery when used as a coronary bypass graft(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2015) Sarac, Bulent; Korkmaz, Ozge; Altun, Ahmet; Bagcivan, Ihsan; Goksel, Sabahattin; Yildirim, Sahin; Berkan, OcalIn both low- and high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, the internal mammary artery is the first choice of arterial graft, and the second choice is the radial artery (RA). Unfortunately, RA spasms are a significant problem for a surgical team to overcome in the perioperative and postoperative period. In current surgical practice, the use of vasodilator agents perioperatively in the pending graft preparation is generally accepted and these may be implemented topically, endoluminally or both ways. Moxonidine is the latest second-generation, centrally acting antihypertensive agent, and the intention in this paper is to investigate its direct vasorelaxant effects and relaxation mechanisms on the human radial artery in vitro. RA rings were mounted in an organ bath and tested for changes in isometric tension in its relaxation response to moxonidine in the presence and absence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, non-specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase), idazoxan (non-selective I1 and alpha 2-antagonist) and yohimbine (selective alpha 2-antagonist). Moxonidine induced concentration-dependent relaxations on the RA rings precontracted with phenylephrine (P < 0.05). L-NAME and idazoxan significantly reduced the relaxation caused by moxonidine (P < 0.05), while yohimbine significantly increased the relaxation by moxonidine (P < 0.05). In the presence of L-NAME + idazoxan, the relaxation by moxonidine was eliminated completely (P < 0.05). We speculate that the relaxant effect of moxonidine may be attributed partly to the synthesis and/or release of nitric oxide, and partly to the stimulation of imidazoline I1 receptors. We suggest that moxonidine may help to prevent RA spasms during the preparation period in operation when used topically or/and endoluminally.Öğe Labetalol, nebivolol, and propranolol relax human radial artery used as coronary bypass graft(MOSBY-ELSEVIER, 2015) Korkmaz, Ozge; Sarac, Bulent; Goksel, Sabahattin; Yildirim, Sahin; Berkan, Ocal; Bagcivan, IhsanObjective: Beta-blockers are a heterogeneous class of agents that are used in the treatment of many cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension and atherosclerosis, and that are commonly prescribed after cardiac surgery. In the present study, the aim is to investigate the vasorelaxant effects of some common beta-adrenoceptor blockers on the human radial artery in vitro, as well as their relaxation mechanisms. Methods: Radial artery rings sourced from human patients were mounted in an organ bath and tested for changes in isometric tension in relaxation response to labetalol, nebivolol, and propranolol in the presence and absence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (3 x 10(-5) mol/L) and tetraethyl ammonium (3 x 10(-4) mol/L). Results: The labetalol (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L), nebivolol (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L), and propranolol (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L) induced concentration-dependent relaxations on the radial artery rings, which had been precontracted with phenylephrine (10(-6) mol/L). The relaxation response induced by labetalol in the isolated radial artery rings was significantly higher when compared with the nebivolol and propranolol samples (P < .05). NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester significantly reduced the relaxation of nebivolol (P <. 05), and tetraethyl ammonium significantly reduced the relaxation of labetalol, nebivolol, and propranolol (P < .05). Conclusions: We speculated that the relaxant effect of labetalol, nebivolol, and propranolol was due partly to the Ca2+-activated K+ channels. In addition, the relaxation induced by nebivolol was largely related with nitric oxide release. Nebivolol, and partly propranolol, may provide significant therapeutic benefit, but labetalol can be a good alternative for coronary artery bypass grafting with radial artery use.Öğe Lack of nitrate tolerance in isosorbid dinitrate- and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation of rabbit internal anal sphincter(BAISHIDENG PUBL GRP CO LTD, 2008) Koyuncu, Ayhan; Bagcivan, Ihsan; Sarac, Bulent; Aydin, Cengiz; Yildirim, Sahin; Sarioglu, YusufAIM: To investigate the tolerance development against the relaxant effect of nitric oxide donating drug isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and sodium nitropruside (SNP) in internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle. METHODS: Relaxation responses of ISDN, and electrical field stimulation (EFS) were obtained before and after tolerance induction by ISDN incubation. RESULTS: ISDN (10(-7)-10(-7) mol/L) and SNP (10(-8)-10(-4) mol/L caused a concentration-dependent relaxation on the basal tonus of the isolated rabbit IAS strips. After a period of 2 h incubation of the 6 x 10(-4) mol/L ISDN the relaxation effects of ISDN and SNP did not change compared to control strips. EFS evoked frequency-dependent relaxation in internal anal sphincter smooth muscle and E(max) obtained from control strips were not changed in ISDN tolerance-inducing condition. In this study nitrate tolerance was not observed in rabbit IAS smooth muscle. CONCLUSION: This result shows that nitric oxide donating drugs relaxes the internal anal sphincter of the rabbits without the development of tolerance. (c) 2008 The WIG Press. All rights reserved.Öğe Mechanism of relaxation induced by nicotine in normal and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pig trachea(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2007) Cevit, Omer; Bagcivan, Ihsan; Sarac, Bulent; Parlak, Ahmet; Durmus, Nedim; Kava, TiienNicotine is an irritant molecule in the cigarette that contributes airway hyper-reactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of these effects and effects of nicotine on the isolated trachea preparations from control and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pigs. Nicotine (3 x 10(-5) to 3 x 10(-4) M) produced concentration-dependent relaxation on isolated trachea preparations precontracted by carbachol (10(-6) M) in both groups. We found that the relaxant effect of nicotine decreased in the presence of N(w)-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10(-6) M), and hexamethonium (10(-2) M) but not in the presence of alpha-bungarotoxin (10(-3) M), and tetrodotoxin (3.1 x 10(-6) M) in isolated trachea preparations in both groups. The relaxant effect of nicotine was less significant in isolated trachea preparations from ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pigs than from control guinea-pigs (P < 0.05). The contractions elicited by carbachol (10(-6) M) were not significantly different in the ovalbumin-sensitized group than in the control group. Nicotine (10(-4) M) Significantly increased the cGMP levels in trachea preparations compared with the control preparations. (P < 0.05). These results suggest that nicotine-induced relaxation response in normal and ovalbumin sensitized guinea-pigs trachea is at least in part mediated by nitric oxide (NO) since it was significantly reduced in the presence of L-NAME. The decreased relaxation response to nicotine in ovalbumin sensitized guinea-pigs trachea may be due to impaired production and/or liberation of NO. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Role of pentoxifylline and iloprost in the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury in an experimental model of intestine ischemia-reperfusion in rats(TURKISH ASSOC TRAUMA EMERGENCY SURGERY, 2018) Abakay, Ugur; Soylu, Sinan; Goksel, Sabahattin; Sarac, Bulent; Inan, Zeynep Deniz Sahin; Cakmak, Erol; Korkmaz, Ozge; Kurt, Atilla; Genc, Husnu CagriBACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can lead to multiple organ failure and death. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline and iloprost administered before reperfusion in intestinal ischemia. METHODS: In total, 25 male Wistar Albino rats weighing 250-300 g were divided into five groups each comprising five subjects: control group (n=5), sham group (n=5, no I/R), I/R group (n=5, 45 min ischemia, and 120 min reperfusion), I/R + pentoxifylline group (n=5, 45 min ischemia following intraperitoneal 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline and 120 min reperfusion), and I/R + iloprast group (n=5, 45 min ischemia followed by intraperitoneal 2 mcg/kg iloprost and 120 min reperfusion). At the end of the experiment, ileum specimens were stained using hematoxylin-eosin and histopathologically evaluated using the Chiu score. Isometric contraction-relaxation responses were recorded using organ baths for contraction-relaxation responses. RESULTS: Pentoxifylline provided a significant improvement in response to histopathological and contraction-relaxation responses. Although iloprost provided recovery in reperfusion injury, it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that pentoxifylline may be promising in preventing small bowel ischemia-reperfusion injury. We concluded that further clinical and experimental studies for iloprost are needed.Öğe Scavenging effect and antispasmodic activity of the essential oil of Cyclotrichium niveum(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2007) Cetinus, Senay Akkus; Goze, Ismihan; Sarac, Bulent; Vural, NiluferThe radical scavenging and the spasmolitic activity of Cyclotrichium niveum essential oil were evaluated in vitro. It showed an IC50 of 1750 mu g/ml on DPPH method and dose dependently (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml) inhibits the contraction induced by carbachol on rabbit bladder from 15 to 100%. Moreover, it was able to inhibit the rat ileum muscle by 30 to 100%. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
