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    Ascorbic acid mitigates doxorubicin-induced spleen injury in rats: Histopathological and immunohistochemical insights
    (Univ Karachi, 2024) Gezer, Arzu; Ozkaraca, Mustafa; Sari, Ebru Karadag; Bedir, Gursel; Aydin, Pelin; Asker, Hasan; Abd El-Aty, Am
    This study assessed the protective potential of ascorbic acid against doxorubicin-induced spleen tissue damage in rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control group received saline every other day at a dose of 1mL throughout the experiment. The ascorbic acid group was administered 50mg/kg of ascorbic acid daily for 10 days. The doxorubicin group received a single dose of 15mg/kg of doxorubicin on day 7. The ascorbic acid + doxorubicin group received both 50mg/kg of ascorbic acid daily for 10 days and a single dose of 15mg/kg of doxorubicin on day 7. After the experiment, splenic tissue samples were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Histopathological analysis revealed edema, destruction, and degeneration in the doxorubicin group, but these changes were alleviated in the ascorbic acid-treated group, approaching control group levels. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell immunopositivity in the ascorbic acid + doxorubicin group compared to the doxorubicin group. Biochemical tests indicated that doxorubicin reduced superoxide dismutase activity and increased malondialdehyde levels, whereas ascorbic acid mitigated these effects. The findings suggest that ascorbic acid may have a protective role against doxorubicin-induced spleen injury in rats.
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    Ascorbic acid mitigates doxorubicin-induced spleen injury in rats: Histopathological and immunohistochemical insights
    (Univ Karachi, 2024) Gezer, Arzu; Ozkaraca, Mustafa; Sari, Ebru Karadag; Bedir, Guersel; Aydin, Pelin; Asker, Hasan; Abd El-Aty, Am
    This study assessed the protective potential of ascorbic acid against doxorubicin-induced spleen tissue damage in rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control group received saline every other day at a dose of 1mL throughout the experiment. The ascorbic acid group was administered 50mg/kg of ascorbic acid daily for 10 days. The doxorubicin group received a single dose of 15mg/kg of doxorubicin on day 7. The ascorbic acid + doxorubicin group received both 50mg/kg of ascorbic acid daily for 10 days and a single dose of 15mg/kg of doxorubicin on day 7. After the experiment, splenic tissue samples were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Histopathological analysis revealed edema, destruction, and degeneration in the doxorubicin group, but these changes were alleviated in the ascorbic acid -treated group, approaching control group levels. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell immunopositivity in the ascorbic acid + doxorubicin group compared to the doxorubicin group. Biochemical tests indicated that doxorubicin reduced superoxide dismutase activity and increased malondialdehyde levels, whereas ascorbic acid mitigated these effects. The findings suggest that ascorbic acid may have a protective role against doxorubicin-induced spleen injury in rats.
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    Black Garlic Extract Modulates Endothelin Expression and Ovulatory Function in Monosodium Glutamate Treated Rats
    (Wiley, 2025) Gezer, Arzu; Aras, Sukran Yediel; Ozkaraca, Mustafa; Baygutalp, Nurcan Kilic; Gundogdu, Gulhande; Sari, Ebru Karadag; Bedir, Gursel
    Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a widely used food additive, has been associated with various health concerns, including potential reproductive toxicity. This study investigated the protective effects of black garlic (BG) ethanol extract against MSG-induced ovarian damage in rats. Thirty-two female rats in estrus were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 per group): control (saline), BG (250 mg/kg BW), MSG (4 mg/g BW), and BG+MSG (combined treatment). Treatments were administered daily for 14 days. Ovarian tissues were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), and biochemical analyses. Histopathological examination revealed a significant reduction in cystic follicles in the BG+MSG group compared to the MSG group (p < 0.0001). IHC analysis showed decreased immunoreactivity of endothelin-1 and endothelin-2 in the BG+MSG group compared to the MSG group (both p < 0.01). Biochemical assays demonstrated significantly increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol levels in the BG+MSG group compared to the MSG group (all p < 0.05), while progesterone levels were significantly lower in the MSG group compared to the BG+MSG group (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that BG ethanol extract may mitigate MSG-induced ovarian dysfunction in rats by alleviating degenerative changes in follicles and modulating hormonal levels. This study provides insights into potential natural interventions for MSG-related reproductive toxicity.
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    Therapeutic effects of resveratrol and β-carotene on L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis through oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in rats
    (Nature Portfolio, 2024) Gezer, Arzu; Ustundag, Hilal; Ozkaraca, Mustafa; Sari, Ebru Karadag; Gur, Cihan
    Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe inflammatory condition affecting the pancreas, often leading to systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. This study evaluated the effects of resveratrol (RES) and beta-carotene (beta C) on L-arginine-induced AP in rats. Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups: Control (C), RES (20 mg/kg), beta C (50 mg/kg), AP, AP + RES, and AP + beta C. The AP model was induced with 250 mg/100 g L-arginine intraperitoneally twice daily with a 1-h interval. The AP group showed significantly elevated oxidative stress (MDA) and reduced GSH levels (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with anti-insulin antibody revealed reduced beta + langerhans islet size in the AP group. qPCR analysis indicated significant upregulation of inflammatory genes NF-kappa B, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta (p < 0.001), and apoptotic genes Bax and Caspase-3, with downregulation of Bcl-2 (p < 0.001). RES and beta C treatments significantly reduced MDA levels and increased GSH levels (p < 0.01 for both) compared to the AP group. The AP + RES and AP + beta C groups exhibited preserved beta + Langerhans islet size (p < 0.01), suppressed NF-kappa B, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta expression, reduced Bax and Caspase-3 levels, and increased Bcl-2 levels (p < 0.01). Histopathological findings supported these results. RES and beta C confer significant effects against L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis by reducing oxidative stress, preserving pancreatic islet integrity, suppressing inflammatory responses, and modulating apoptotic pathways. RES demonstrated a slightly superior efficacy in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress markers, suggesting it may be more effective in treating acute pancreatitis.