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    Comparison of Shoulder Muscle Strength of Deaf and Healthy Basketball Players
    (Nevzat Demirci, 2020) Suner-Keklik, Sinem; Cobanoglu, Gamze; Savas, Seyfi; Seven, Barış; Kafa, Nihan; Guzel, Nevin A.
    Purpose: It has still not been made clear whether the audio inputs from the environment may have on the muscle strength characteristics of people who spend long periods of their lives with hearing loss. The purpose is to evaluate shoulder muscle strength and endurance of deaf basketball (DB) players and to compare them with healthy basketball (HB) players. Methods: The study was carried out with a total of 26-man players including 13 players (years: 24±3) in DB group and 13 players (years: 22±2) in HB group. Internal rotator (IR) and external rotator (ER) muscles strength of shoulder dominant and non-dominant side was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results: According to isokinetic test results, there was not a difference between two groups on either dominant or nondominant side in terms of ER and IR Nm/kg (p>0.05). The ER / IR ratio was different between the two groups in favor of HB players (p=0.017). The strength parameters of dominant extremities of players in both groups were found to be higher than nondominant extremity. Conclusions: As a result, IR and ER muscle strengths were similar in two groups, both groups were at risk for musculoskeletal injuries in terms of ER/IR ratio. It could be speculated that it is essential to design training programs with additional ER strengthening exercises to improve the balance between IR and ER muscles and minimize risk of injury. The dominant extremity was found to be stronger in both groups. In our opinion, symmetrical movement patterns will positively affect performance on dominant extremity. © 2019 AME Publishing Company
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    Static balance and proprioception evaluation in deaf national basketball players
    (Gdansk Univ Physical Education & Sport, 2021) Cobanoglu, Gamze; Suner-Keklik, Sinem; Gokdogan, Cagatay; Kafa, Nihan; Savas, Seyfi; Guzel, Nevin A.
    Background: Because of the proximity of anatomical structures involved in auditory and vestibular functions, complications concerning the inner ear may lead to problems involving both systems. This study investigated whether static balance and knee proprioception in deaf basketball players are different from those in individuals with normal hearing. Material and methods: 12 deaf national basketball players and 13 individuals with normal hearing were included. Static balance was evaluated using the Biodex-BioSway Balance System. Knee proprioception was assessed using a Dualer IQ Digital Inclinometer with the active angle repetition test. Results: The dominant-side mediolateral stability index and non-dominant-side overall, anteroposterior, and mediolateral stability index scores of deaf basketball players in the postural stability test were different compared with those of the individuals with normal hearing (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of knee proprioception (p>0.05). Conclusions: Although there was no difference in knee proprioception in deaf basketball players, it is noteworthy that their postural stability was more impaired compared with that in individuals with normal hearing. Despite regular exercise, deaf basketball players had poorer balance than individuals with normal hearing. Therefore, balance and vestibular exercises should be added to the training programs of these athletes.