Yazar "Sayar, Filiz" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 10 / 10
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe A comparison between young and elderly people with respect to emotional memory functions(2013) Sayar, Filiz; Cangöz, BanuIntroduction: The objective of this study is to investigate effects of testing time and emotional valence of words on implicit and explicit memory in young and elderly individuals. Materials and Method: After valence words were presented to 240 subjects composed of adolescents (11-14), early adults (25-25) and elderly people (65 and above) performance of word stem completion and free recall were tested. Results: Main effects of the age, testing time and valence of words on implicit and explicit memory were significant. While the dual effects of age and valence; testing time and valence were found significant in implicit memory, the dual effects of testing time and age; testing time and valence were also significant in explicit memory. Moreover, the triad effects of these variables on explicit memory were also found significant. Conclusion: Performance of explicit and implicit memory, in other words conscious and inconscious retrieval declines with aging. Emotional content affects explicit and implicit memory in all ages and positive stimulations are retrieved better. The increase in performance of implicit memory brought about by positive words in all groups was interpreted as inclination of the memory inconsciously towards positive words showing a "positivity effect".Öğe A Comparison With Respect To Features Of Autobiographical Memories Between Young And Elderly People: A Descriptive Study(Istanbul Univ, 2013) Sayar, FilizIn the present research, features of autobiographical memory (content, point of view and time) were examined with respect to adolescent, early adult and elderly groups. 240 volunteers composed of 80 adolescents, 80 early adults and 80 elderly people participated in the research. An autobiographical memory test (4 positive and 4 negative adjectives) depending on cued-recall technique was applied to the subjects and the data were analysed descriptively. Consequently, the elderly recalled more memories related to positive words from social admiration category than the other groups. On the other hand, with respect to negative words, while adolescents recalled the most memories from friend controversy category, early adults recalled related to family and private relationships and the elderly people prefered remembering negative memories related to both family & private relationships and diseases categories. When the point of view of the memories was examined, for the positive words early adults used field point of view mostly, the elderly used observer point of view; for the negative words the elderly utilized field point of view, adolescents utilized observer point of view mostly. The given result can be explained by wisdom tendency in the elderly people. When the time of memories was examined, for both positive and negative words adolescents told their memories concerning the last five years mostly; the elderly told their memories relating to before the last five years mostly. Furthermore, when the words used in the research were considered in terms of semantics while the evaluations of all the groups for the positive words were higher than those for the negative words, the elderly evaluated the negative words more positive, so they showed a positivity effect.Öğe A review of highly superior autobiographical memory(2018) Sayar, FilizIn this article, highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM) was examined as a prominent ability that takingattention in recent years and providing crucial information about functioning of autobiographical memory and it wasaimed to make a general review based on results of studies. HSAM refers to automatically, uncontrollably andextraordinarily remembering of personal and public experiences, information, dates without any use of memorystrategies. HSAM is also known as hyperthymestic syndrome from the word thymesis in Greek which meansremembering. HSAM individuals remember personal and public events extremely detailed than those in the controlgroup while they show similar performance to them in other memory tasks (such as, digit span, word-paired memory).HSAM cases are considered to be different from other superior memory cases because they do not use any mnemonictechniques and do not have savant syndrome characteristics. In the results of behavioral and neuroanatomical studies itwas postulated that HSAM and OCD could a common underlying mechanism but no definitive conclusion could bereached on this issue. It is believed that future research will remove many question marks on HSAM.Keywords: autobiographical memory, highly superior autobiographical memory, memory functionsÖğe A COMPARISON BETWEEN YOUNG AND ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH RESPECT TO EMOTIONAL MEMORY FUNCTIONS(GUNES KITABEVI LTD STI, 2013) Sayar, Filiz; Cangoz, BanuIntroduction: The objective of this study is to investigate effects of testing time and emotional valence of words on implicit and explicit memory in young and elderly individuals. Materials and Method: After valence words were presented to 240 subjects composed of adolescents (11-14), early adults (25-25) and elderly people (65 and above) performance of word stem completion and free recall were tested. Results: Main effects of the age, testing time and valence of words on implicit and explicit memory were significant. While the dual effects of age and valence; testing time and valence were found significant in implicit memory, the dual effects of testing time and age; testing time and valence were also significant in explicit memory. Moreover, the triad effects of these variables on explicit memory were also found significant. Conclusion: Performance of explicit and implicit memory, in other words conscious and inconscious retrieval declines with aging. Emotional content affects explicit and implicit memory in all ages and positive stimulations are retrieved better. The increase in performance of implicit memory brought about by positive words in all groups was interpreted as inclination of the memory inconsciously towards positive words showing a "positivity effect".Öğe Comparison of Contexts of Survival, Happiness and Death With Respect To Memory Functions(Turkish Psychologists Assoc, 2019) Sayar, Filiz[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Effect of Direction Type, Emotional Valence of Words And Gender on Directed Forgetting(ISTANBUL UNIV, 2016) Sayar, FilizIn the present study, the effects of emotional valence of words and gender on directed forgetting were investigated. The directed forgetting effect was investigated by requiring from participants to forget the words that they have to recall and at the same time, to recall the words that they have to forget. The study was composed of two experiments. In the first experiment, the participants were presented with a list of words consisting of neutral and emotional words once, while the participants were presented with the same list twice in the second experiment. Both experiments were composed of two stages. Under the item method, the words which were presented with the directions of forget or recall in the first stage were presented again with the directions of recall what you have forgotten or forget what you have recalled in the second stage. In the both stages, the subjects were given a free recall test for all the words presented before. In the end of the study, a directed forgetting effect was observed in the first stage but not in the second stage. In both experiments, when the words which they were wanted to be forgotten in the first stage were studied again, they were recalled as much as the words which they were asked to be recalled in the first stage. This refers to release of retrieval inhibition. When the words which were asked to be forgotten in the first stage were required to be recalled in the second stage, the participants could succeed to inhibit the words which they were not wanted to be recalled with extra time and opportunity to study. It was found that as inhibition of emotional words was more difficult than neutral ones, inhibition of positive words was harder than negative and neutral ones. Moreover, any significant gender differences in terms of directed forgetting was not observed.Öğe Effect of Metalinguistic Awareness, Phonological Abilities-Processes and Memory Processes in Reading Development: Shortterm Memory and Working Memory(Ankara Univ, Fac Educational Sciences, 2012) Sayar, Filiz; Turan, FigenThe research in the literature dealing with metalinguistic awareness, phonological abilities and memory functions determinig reading development were examined in this article. These cognitive processes determine differently reading that is a complicated process. The research stated in this article suggested that metalinguistic awareness was crucial for successful reading performance and agreed that phonological awareness one of the metalinguistic abilities was the most powerful predictor of reading. The research examining short-term memory and working memory with reading development obtained some evidence that working memory was more influential on reading than short-term memory. On the other hand, some researchers searching on reading development stated that unique and the most powerful cognitive factor predicting reading development could not be found because reading was multidirectional and multifactorial.Öğe How do older and younger adults differ in directed forgetting?(Geriatrics Society, 2014) Sayar, FilizIntroduction: The aim of the present study is to compare younger and older adults in terms of directed forgetting, using both abstract and concrete memory materials.; Materials and Method: 50 healthy younger (aged 17-24 years) and 46 healthy older (aged 65-84 years) volunteers were included in the study. After a directed forgetting study phase in which abstract and concrete words were presented, the participants were given recall and recognition tasks.; Results: In the light of ANOVA results, the main (p <0.001 0.01, in recall respectively; p <0.001 0.01 and 0.01, in recognition respectively) and interaction effects of age, instruction type and concreteness level in both recall and recognition were found to be significant (p <0.01 0.001 and 0.001, in recall respectively; p <0.001 0.01 and 0.001, in recognition respectively), except for the main effect of concreteness level in recall (p=0.11).; Conclusion: It was concluded that the younger subjects showed an abstractness effect only in recall tasks, while the older participants displayed a concreteness effect in both recall and recognition tasks. Thus, the mind that tends to retrieve abstract materials in youth tends to retrieve more concrete materials in old age. In addition, with aging, people tend to process more irrelevant information by disrupting the inhibition mechanism. © 2014, Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved.Öğe Yaşlı Yetişkinlerin Kişisel Anılarında İçsel Durumsal Dil Kullanımının Cinsiyet Farklılıkları Açısından Karşılaştırılması(2018) Sayar, FilizBu araştırmada, yaşlı bireylerin otobiyografik anılarını hatırlarken kullandıkları içsel durumsaldil kategorilerinin cinsiyet farklılıkları açısından karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. İçsel durumsaldil, anlatılan anıyla ilgili duygu (mutluluk, üzüntü), biliş (anlamak, düşünmek), algı (görmek,duymak) ve fizyolojik durum (üşümek, yorulmak) gibi kategorileri içeren ve bireyin yaşadığıolaydan belli bir anlama ulaşmasını sağlayan bilişsel bir süreçtir. Araştırmada, 65 yaş ve üstütoplam 60 bireyden beş yaşam dönemine ait birer anı anlatmaları istenmiş, kaydedilen anılariçsel durumsal dil kategorileri açısından incelenmiştir. Sonuçta, kadın katılımcıların anılarınıdaha fazla duygusal ifade kullanarak öyküleştirdikleri ve daha fazla olumsuz ifade tercihettikleri gözlenmiştir. Kadınlar, erkeklere kıyasla ergenliğe dair anılarını daha olumlu ifadelerleanlatırken, orta yaşa ait anıları için daha olumsuz ifadeler kullanmışlardır. Biliş, algı vefizyolojik durum ifadelerinin kullanımları bakımından herhangi bir cinsiyet farklılığıgözlenmemiştir. Sonuçlar cinsiyetlerin maruz kaldıkları farklı sosyalleşme süreçleri ve yaşlailgili farklılıklar açısından değerlendirilmiştir.Öğe Yaşlı Yetişkinlerin Kişisel Anılarında İçsel Durumsal Dil Kullanımının Cinsiyet Farklılıkları Açısından Karşılaştırılması(Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN, 2018) Sayar, FilizBu araştırmada, yaşlı bireylerin otobiyografik anılarını hatırlarken kullandıkları içsel durumsal dil kategorilerinin cinsiyet farklılıkları açısından karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. İçsel durumsal dil, anlatılan anıyla ilgili duygu (mutluluk, üzüntü), biliş (anlamak, düşünmek), algı (görmek, duymak) ve fizyolojik durum (üşümek, yorulmak) gibi kategorileri içeren ve bireyin yaşadığı olaydan belli bir anlama ulaşmasını sağlayan bilişsel bir süreçtir. Araştırmada, 65 yaş ve üstü toplam 60 bireyden beş yaşam dönemine ait birer anı anlatmaları istenmiş, kaydedilen anılar içsel durumsal dil kategorileri açısından incelenmiştir. Sonuçta, kadın katılımcıların anılarını daha fazla duygusal ifade kullanarak öyküleştirdikleri ve daha fazla olumsuz ifade tercih ettikleri gözlenmiştir. Kadınlar, erkeklere kıyasla ergenliğe dair anılarını daha olumlu ifadelerle anlatırken, orta yaşa ait anıları için daha olumsuz ifadeler kullanmışlardır. Biliş, algı ve fizyolojik durum ifadelerinin kullanımları bakımından herhangi bir cinsiyet farklılığı gözlenmemiştir. Sonuçlar cinsiyetlerin maruz kaldıkları farklı sosyalleşme süreçleri ve yaşla ilgili farklılıklar açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
